Funeral Service Compend: Embalming
When injecting a body with any mechanical injector, the desired pressure should be: A. Set before opening the rate of flow B. Set after opening the rate of flow C. Adjusted after the rate of flow valve is full open D. Adjusted before the machine is started
A. Set before opening the rate of flow
Death beginning by failure of one of the vital organs of the body is: A. Somatic death B. Cellular death C. Necrosis D. Necrobiosis
A. Somatic death
What body organ will produce hydrochloric acid: A. Stomach B. Liver C. Spleen D. Gall bladder
A. Stomach
What is lipolysis: A. The decomposition of fats B. The decomposition of proteins C. The decomposition of carbohydrates D. The decomposition of bones
A. The decomposition of fats
Which of these is to be considered to be the most important aspect of the embalming operation: A. The disinfection of the body B. The preservation of the body C. The restoration of the body D. The documentation of the operation
A. The disinfection of the body
Where should the point of the trocar be directed to access the heart when the handle of the trocar is aligned with the left anterior superior iliac spine: A. The lobe of the right ear B. The lobe of the left ear C. The left mid-axillary space D. The sternoclavicular articulation
A. The lobe of the right ear
What is the common action of phenol, formalin, and sodium hypochlorite on the tissues of the body: A. They are all capable of bleaching tissue B. They are all capable of imparting color to tissue C. They are all capable of inhibiting clot formation D. They are all capable of balancing the pH of tissues
A. They are all capable of bleaching tissue
What is the purpose of adding eosin and erythrosine to arterial fluid: A. They impart a color to the tissue B. They bleach the tissue C. They disinfect the tissue D. They preserve the tissue
A. They impart a color to the tissue
If you use 16oz of 30 index fluid, how many ounces of a 2.5% solution would you have: A. 1 Gallon B. 1.5 Gallons C. 2 Gallons D. 2.5 Gallons
B. 1.5 Gallons
There is an immediate danger to health and life if exposed to formaldehyde levels above: A. 1 ppm B. 100 ppm C. 25 ppm D. 5 ppm
B. 100 ppm
The optimum temperature to promote decomposition is: A. 212° F B. 99° F C. 32° F D. 98.6° F
B. 99° F
A method for obtaining pressure for injection of arterial fluid is: A. A Hydro aspirator B. A hand pump C. An electric spatula D. A needle injector
B. A hand pump
A direct method of drainage accomplished by inserting a trocar into the right atrium of the heart is: A. Alternate drainage B. A heart tap C. Intermittent drainage D. Continuous drainage
B. A heart tap
The femoral artery is bordered medially by the _____ muscle: A. Sartorius B. Adductor longus C. Adductor magnus D. Psoas major
B. Adductor longus
The escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location is: A. Agonal dehydration B. Agonal edema C. Desiccation D. Coagulation
B. Agonal edema
Which of the following are the first products of decomposition: A. Fatty acids B. Amino acids C. Indole D. Cadaverine
B. Amino acids
Generalized edema is referred to as: A. Ascites B. Anasarca C. hydrocephalus D. Hydrocele
B. Anasarca
Which of these is the most accurate classification of petechia: A. Antemortem intravascular blood discoloration B. Antemortem extravascular blood discoloration C. Postmortem extravascular blood discoloration D. Postmortem intravascular blood discoloration
B. Antemortem extravascular blood discoloration
The _____ artery courses along that lateral margin of the crest of the tibia, passes through the center of the anterior surface of the ankle joint and becomes the dorsalis pedis artery: A. Posterior tibial B. Anterior tibial C. Popliteal D. Femoral
B. Anterior tibial
Which of these arteries extends from the lateral border of the patella to the anterior surface of the ankle: A. Dorsalis pedis B. Anterior tibial C. Posterior tibial D. Popliteal
B. Anterior tibial
Which chemical agents retard the tendency of blood to become viscous: A. Vehicles B. Anticoagulants C. Surfactants D. Surface tension reducers
B. Anticoagulants
A condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained is: A. Death struggle B. Apparent death C. Death rattle D. Death grip
B. Apparent death
One purpose for which cavity fluids would NOT be recommended is: A. Surface packs B. Arterial injections C. Visceral treatment D. Bleaching agents
B. Arterial injections
Vascular embalming fluids are injected into the: A. Lymph system B. Arterial system C. Pulmonary system D. Cavities
B. Arterial system
_____ is a condition which predisposes to intravascular difficulties: A. Arthritis B. Arteriosclerosis C. Carbon monoxide poisoning D. Advance pregnancy
B. Arteriosclerosis
Which of the following would NOT be a condition that predisposes purge: A. Peritonitis B. Arthritis C. Pneumonia D. Peptic ulcers
B. Arthritis
An accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is: A. Anasarca B. Ascites C. Desquamation D. Desiccation
B. Ascites
Which of these is the last of the body compounds to decompose: A. Carbohydrates B. Bone C. Proteins D. Fats
B. Bone
Which of these is an example of an intravascular antemortem blood discoloration: A. Cadaveric lividity B. Carbon monoxide poisoning C. Petechia D. Ecchymosis
B. Carbon monoxide poisoning
Directing the point of the trocar toward a point one-forth of the distance from the right anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic symphysis is the trocar guide for: A. Urinary bladder B. Cecum/appendix C. Heart D. Liver
B. Cecum/appendix
The linear guide for the radial artery is from the: A. Center of the base of axillary space to the center of the forearm B. Center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the index finger C. Center of axillary space parallel to the long axis of the upper extremity D. Center of the inguinal ligament to the medial condyle of the femur
B. Center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the index finger
The action of CH2O (formaldehyde) on protein is termed: A. Proteolysis B. Coagulation C. Putrefaction D. Saponification
B. Coagulation
The anatomical guide for the _______ artery is along the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle: A. Axillary B. Common carotid C. Radial D. Brachial
B. Common carotid
What type of autopsy involves the postmortem examination of the brain only: A. Thoracic autopsy B. Cranial autopsy C. Spinal autopsy D. Complete autopsy
B. Cranial autopsy
High index fluids generally cause: A. Slight firming B. Definite firming C. Putrefaction D. Edema
B. Definite firming
What is the effect of a fan blowing a current of air over a dead human body: A. Edema of superficial tissues B. Dehydration of the superficial tissues C. Emphysema of the pulmonary system D. A bronze discoloration of the superficial tissue
B. Dehydration of the superficial tissues
Which of the following are NOT classified as a chemical change: A. Decomposition B. Desiccation C. Change in pH D. Rigor mortis
B. Desiccation
The passage of arterial solution from the capillaries into the intercellular spaces is referred to as: A. Osmosis B. Diffusion C. Distribution D. Pressure filtration
B. Diffusion
What type of cavity treatment involves the making of an incision from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic symphysis of the pelvic girdle: A. Iliac B. Direct C. Standard D. Dorsal
B. Direct
An abnormal color appearing in or upon the human body is: A. Dehydration B. Discoloration C. Lividity D. Saponification
B. Discoloration
What is the purpose of primary injection fluids: A. They prepare the vascular system to accept arterial embalming fluids B. They embalm the remains C. They are designed to disinfect the body orifices D. They are designed to disinfect the body cavities
A. They prepare the vascular system to accept arterial embalming fluids
An extrinsic variable factor in embalming is: A. Time lapse between death and embalming B. Fever C. Autolysis D. Body weight
A. Time lapse between death and embalming
Which of these is the prescribed incision for a sclerotic blood vessel: A. Triangular wedge B. Longitudinal C. Transverse D. Diagonal
A. Triangular wedge
Which artery can be located along a line from the center of the antecubital fossa to the point between the fourth and fifth digits of the upper extremity: A. Ulnar B. Radial C. Brachial D. Axillary
A. Ulnar
Varicose veins is a condition otherwise known as: A. Varices B. Phlebitis C. Endocarditis D. Asphyxiation
A. Varices
The most common vehicle used in embalming fluid is: A. Water B. Alcohol C. Glycerol D. Formaldehyde
A. Water
Jaundice is best described by which of the following: A. Yellow B. Gray C. Bronze D. Green
A. Yellow
The embalming pressure achieved in gravity embalming is: A. 0.43 lb/ft B. 4.30 lb/ft C. 1.0 lb/ft D. 2.0 lb/ft
A. 0.43 lb/ft
If you use 8oz of 16 index fluid to one gallon of water, what would be the index of your solution: A. 1.0% B. 1.25% C. 1.5% D. 2.5%
A. 1.0%
What percentage dilute solution is created by adding 32 ounces of a 28 index fluid in enough water to make a 4 gallon of solution: A. 1.75 index B. 1.65 index C. 3.50 index D. 1.95 index
A. 1.75 index
What index fluid must you use to have 2 gallons of dilute fluid with a strength of 1% if you use 16oz of concentrated fluid: A. 16 B. 18 C. 20 D. 25
A. 16
If you use 2 bottles of arterial fluid to make 3.5 Gallons of a 3% solution, what would the index of the arterial fluid be: A. 42 B. 52 C. 27 D. 47
A. 42
A dead human body which is used for anatomical and scientific study is: A. A cadaver B. A corpse C. Cremains D. Human remains
A. A cadaver
The femoral artery originates at the point behind the center of the inguinal ligament and terminates at the opening in the _____ muscle: A. Adductor magnus B. Gastrocnemius C. Adductor longus D. Sartorius
A. Adductor magnus
A moribund person is said to be in what state: A. Agonal state B. Vegetative state C. Sporulating state D. Suspended animation state
A. Agonal state
The method of creating injection pressure that incorporates air being forced under pressure into the fluid chamber to displace the embalming fluid into the body is: A. Air pressure B. Gravity percolator C. Centrifugal force machine D. Bulb syringe
A. Air pressure
The method of drainage in relation to injection in which an amount of arterial solution is injected and then drainage is allowed to flow for a period of time, each one separately is the _____ method: A. Alternate B. Intermittent C. Continuous D. Interrupted
A. Alternate
The key ingredient for an arterial fluid classified as a cosmetic fluid is: A. An active dye B. An inactive dye C. A germicide D. A doederant
A. An active dye
Which of the following does NOT favor dehydration: A. Anasarca B. Hemorrhage C. Pulmonary tuberculosis D. Typhoid fever
A. Anasarca
A discoloration that appears on the body during life is considered: A. Antemortem B. Postmortem C. Intravascular D. Extravascular
A. Antemortem
From the lateral border of the patella to the anterior surface of the ankle joint is the linear guide for the: A. Anterior tibial artery B. Ulnar artery C. Posterior tibial artery D. Dorsalis pedis artery
A. Anterior tibial artery
Hardening compound is used: A. As a preservative and drying agent in autopsied cases B. As a hardening agent in arterial fluids C. As a pack application D. As a buffer
A. As a preservative and drying agent in autopsied cases
Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic factor to be considered in a case analysis: A. Atmospheric conditions B. Pathological conditions C. Moisture of the tissues D. Fever
A. Atmospheric conditions
Just behind the medial border of the coracobrachialis muscle is the anatomical guide for the _____ artery: A. Axillary B. Common carotid C. Radial D. Brachial
A. Axillary
Which of these sutures begins by placing the point of the needle within the incision and then up through the skin passing from one side of the incision to the other side with each stitch: A. Baseball stitch B. Worm stitch C. Draw stitch D. Whip stitch
A. Baseball stitch
Which of these blood vessels is located posterior to the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle: A. Brachial artery B. Axillary artery C. Femoral artery D. Common carotid artery
A. Brachial artery
Addison's Disease generally results in which kind of discoloration: A. Bronze B. Yellow C. Gray D. Green
A. Bronze
The linear guide for the brachial artery is from the: A. Center of the base of axillary space to the center of the inner bend of the elbow B. Center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the index finger C. Center of axillary space parallel to the long axis of the upper extremity D. Center of the inguinal ligament to the center of the medial condyle of the femur
A. Center of the base of axillary space to the center of the inner bend of the elbow
A device which extends from a point over the sternum to a point under the chin and is used to support the chin during the embalming is called a: A. Chin rest B. Dental tie C. Mandibular suture D. Musculature suture
A. Chin rest
Which of the following microorganisms is recognized as the causative agent of tissue gas: A. Clostridium perfringens B. Clostridium leprea C. Clostridium botulinum D. Clostridium tetani
A. Clostridium perfringens
Which of these terms is used to describe the color of the external tissue of an artery: A. Cream-colored B. White C. Blue D. red
A. Cream-colored
The decomposition of protein by the action of aerobic bacteria is: A. Decay B. Fermentation C. Putrefaction D. Lipolysis
A. Decay
Separation of the dermis and the epidermis after death is called: A. Desquamation B. Dehydration C. Desiccation D. Saccharolysis
A. Desquamation
The arterial fluid injected into an edematous body will be: A. Diluted B. Strengthened C. Unaffected D. Thickened
A. Diluted
The arterial fluid injected into an edematous body will be: A. Diluted by edema B. Strengthened by edema C. Unaffected by edema D. None of these
A. Diluted by edema
An influential person in medical embalming, who discovered the circulation of blood in 1628 was: A. Dr. William Harvey B. Jean Gannal C. Dr. Thomas Holmes D. Richard Harlan
A. Dr. William Harvey
The process of chemically treating a dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, retard organic decomposition and restore an acceptable physical appearance is: A. Embalming B. Preservation C. Disinfection D. Restoration
A. Embalming
Factors influencing the rate of decomposition such as air, environmental temperature and moisture in the atmosphere are known as: A. Extrinsic factors B. Intrinsic factors C. Intravascular factors D. Extravascular factors
A. Extrinsic factors
Which of the following blood vessels is the origin of the popliteal artery: A. Femoral artery B. Axillary artery C. External iliac artery D. Anterior tibial artery
A. Femoral artery
Which of these organs Will yield bile when aspirated by a trocar: A. Gall bladder B. Heart C. Stomach D. Pancreas
A. Gall bladder
An instrument which may be used to guide an arterial or vein tube into a vessel is the: A. Groove director B. Separator C. Hemostat D. Spring forceps
A. Groove director
Which of the following is an antemortem extravascular blood discoloration: A. Hematoma B. Postmortem stain C. Livor mortis D. Carbon monoxide discoloration
A. Hematoma
Which of the following causes a post mortem extravascular blood discoloration: A. Hemoglobin decomposition B. Carbon monoxide poisoning C. Active capillary congestion D. Ecchymosis
A. Hemoglobin decomposition
What embalming instrument can be used to clamp a leaking blood vessel: A. Hemostat B. Cannula C. Separator D. Spring forceps
A. Hemostat
Which of the following is not an infectious disease: A. Hydrocephalus B. Hepatitis C. Rabies D. Pneumonia
A. Hydrocephalus
Which of these is NOT a sign of decomposition: A. Hypostasis of the blood B. Appearance of skin slip C. Production of tissue gas D. Presence of foul odor
A. Hypostasis of the blood
If you are embalming a body which has an infectious disease when should the cavity treatment procedure begin: A. Immediately after arterial injection is completed B. No sooner than eight hours later C. It should be done prior to arterial injection D. It should be done prior to somatic death
A. Immediately after arterial injection is completed
Where is the condition of jaundice first noticed on a dead body: A. In the sclera of the eyeball B. In the lower right quadrant of the torso C. In the upper right quadrant of the torso D. Beneath the finger nails
A. In the sclera of the eyeball
Which of these is NOT a recommended method of mouth closure: A. Injection of the corrugator muscles with cavity fluid B. Dental tie suture C. Mandibular suture D. Needle injector
A. Injection of the corrugator muscles with cavity fluid
Fatty tissue in a body retards algor mortis because it: A. Insulates B. Desiccates C. Decomposes D. None of these
A. Insulates
Variable factors encountered with every dead body are classified as: A. Intrinsic and extrinsic B. Hypertonic and hypotonic C. Chronic or acute D. Firm and dry
A. Intrinsic and extrinsic
A secondary dilution as related to the embalming operation: A. Is caused by blood and lymph B. Is prepared by the embalmer C. Takes place in the capillaries only D. Precedes the primary dilution
A. Is caused by blood and lymph
What is the purpose of formaldehyde in embalming fluids: A. It acts as a preservative B. It acts as a humectant C. It acts as a surfactant D. It acts as a vehicle
A. It acts as a preservative
What is the purpose of adding Oil of Wintergreen to an embalming fluid: A. It can act as a perfuming agent B. It can act as a preservative C. It can act as a germicide D. It can act as a buffer
A. It can act as a perfuming agent
What is the purpose of phenol in embalming fluids: A. It can act as a preservative/disinfectant B. It can act as an anticoagulant/water conditioner C. It can balance the acid-base contents of the body tissue D. It can reduce the surface tension of the vehicle in the fluid
A. It can act as a preservative/disinfectant
Which of these is a disadvantage of using the gravity percolator for embalming: A. It has a limited pressure range B. It requires no electricity C. It provides constant flow D. It may be adapted for aspiration
A. It has a limited pressure range
Which of these is more accurate description of the pre-injected solution: A. It is the primary injection solution B. It is the secondary injection solution C. It is the co-injection solution D. It is the primary dilution
A. It is the primary injection solution
What is the relationship of the femoral vein to the femoral artery: A. It lies medial and deep B. It lies lateral and superficial C. It lies medial and posterior D. It lies immediately anterior
A. It lies medial and deep
What is the purpose of ponceau embalming fluids: A. It will impart a color change B. It will help the cells retain moisture C. It will act as a germicide D. It will dissolve clots
A. It will impart a color change
Which of the following treatments would be used for the embalming of a dehydrated body: A. Large volume of a dilute solution B. Small volume of a dilute solution C. Large volume of an astringent solution D. Small volume of an astringent solution
A. Large volume of a dilute solution
Which of the following arteries begins at the level of the second costal cartilage: A. Left common carotid B. Right common carotid C. Right axilary D. Left brachial
A. Left common carotid
Which of the following is an inexpert test of death: A. Ligature test B. Stethoscope C. Ophthalmoscope D. Fluorescein dye injection
A. Ligature test
Clear embalming fluid is usually purged from the nose and mouth during preparation of cases dead of pulmonary tuberculosis because the: A. Lung capillaries are weakened by disease B. Pulmonary artery usually ruptures C. Arterial supply to the trachea usually ruptures D. There is increased surface tension in the lungs
A. Lung capillaries are weakened by disease
Who is said to be the "Father of Histology": A. Marcello Malpighi B. Leeowenhoek C. Jean Gannal D. Dr. Frederich Ruysch
A. Marcello Malpighi
Which of the following is an example of a perfuming agent often used in embalming fluid: A. Methyl salicylate B. Sodium lauryl sulfate C. Sodium citrate D. Methyl mercaptan
A. Methyl salicylate
The Egyptians immersed bodies in: A. Natron solution B. Spices C. Balsam spirits D. Spirits of wine
A. Natron solution
The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute into a concentrated solution is: A. Osmosis B. Diffusion C. Dialysis D. Distribution
A. Osmosis
Which of the following is a disinfectant and preservative found in hardening compounds: A. Paraformaldehyde B. Plaster of Paris C. Whiting D. Benzelaldehyde
A. Paraformaldehyde
Which of the following may cause malformations and deformities of the body: A. Paralytic disease B. Meningitis C. Febrile disease D. Tuberculosis
A. Paralytic disease
A discoloration that appears on the body after death is: A. Postmortem B. Antemortem C. Intravascular D. Extravascular
A. Postmortem
The temporary rise in body temperature after death is called: A. Postmortem caloricity B. Postmortem Hypostasis C. Autolysis D. Livor mortis
A. Postmortem caloricity
Which of these is the most accurate classification of livor mortis: A. Postmortem intravascular blood discoloration B. Postmortem extravascular blood discoloration C. Antemortem intravascular blood discoloration D. Antemortem extravascular blood discoloration
A. Postmortem intravascular blood discoloration
With the embalming machine turned on and the rate of flow valve closed, the type of pressure being shown on the pressure gage is: A. Potential pressure B. Differential pressure C. Actual pressure D. Practical pressure
A. Potential pressure
When preparing to embalm a dead body the embalmer will prepare a solution by adding the concentrated embalming fluid to water in the reservoir of the injection device. This dilution of the fluid is called: A. Primary B. Secondary C. Beginning D. Tertiary
A. Primary
The dilution of concentrated arterial fluid as prepared by the embalmer is called the: A. Primary dilution B. Secondary dilution C. Isotonic dilution D. Primary injection
A. Primary dilution
Hard Water: A. Promotes blood clotting B. Prevents blood clotting C. Has no effect on blood clotting D. Enhances fluid distribution
A. Promotes blood clotting
The post mortem evacuation of any substance from any external orifice of the body due to internal and /or external pressure is: A. Purge B. Desquamation C. Skin slip D. Emaciation
A. Purge
What suture is used to close to close a trocar puncture. A. Purse string B. Half-moon C. Baseball D. Whip
A. Purse string
Which of these conditions contributes to skin slip: A. Putrefaction of the body tissues B. Decay of the body tissues C. Lipolysis of the body tissues D. Saccharolysis of the body tissues
A. Putrefaction of the body tissues
Which blood vessel lies just lateral of the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle: A. Radial artery B. Ulnar artery C. Brachial artery D. Superficial palmer artery
A. Radial artery
What color is imparted to the body by radium treatments: A. Red B. Yellow C. Black D. Green
A. Red
The process of injection and drainage in which both common carotid arteries are raised is referred to as: A. Restricted cervical B. Split injection C. Cross injection D. Double injection
A. Restricted cervical
The center of blood drainage in embalming is the: A. Right atrium of the heart B. Arch of the aorta C. Circle of Willis D. Superior vena cava
A. Right atrium of the heart
Which of these conditions may affect the pressure at which arterial fluid must be injected to overcome the initial resistance: A. Rigor mortis B. Algor mortis C. Catalepsy D. Hypostasis
A. Rigor mortis
What is the decomposition of sugars called: A. Saccharolysis B. Decay C. Proteolysis D. Putrefaction
A. Saccharolysis
In the femoral triangle the femoral artery is bordered laterally by the _____ muscle: A. Sartorius B. Adductor longus C. Adductor magnus D. Psoas major
A. Sartorius
The lymph fluids of the body help to promote: A. Secondary dilution B. Primary dilution C. Tertiary dilution D. Dehydration
A. Secondary dilution
How can extravascular discoloration be dealt with during the embalming process: A. It can removed by normal venous drainage procedures B. Discoloration can be lessened by adding a bleaching agent to arterial fluid C. Discoloration can be eliminated by adding an anticoagulant to the arterial fluid D. Discoloration can be washed out by the injection of the primary dilution fluid
B. Discoloration can be lessened by adding a bleaching agent to arterial fluid
The destruction or inhibition of most pathological bacteria and their products in or on the body defines which of the following terms: A. Embalming B. Disinfection C. Restoration D. Preservation
B. Disinfection
The "Father of Embalming" was: A. John Hunter B. Dr. Frederich Ruysch C. William Hunter D. Dr. Thomas Holmes
B. Dr. Frederich Ruysch
In which of the following cases will decomposition develop most rapidly: A. Emaciated cases B. Edematous cases C. Febrile cases D. Stillborn infant cases
B. Edematous cases
Through the center of the femoral triangle bordered laterally by the satorious muscle and medially by the adductor longus muscle, is the anatomical guide for the _____ artery. A. Axillary B. Femoral C. Iliac D. Radial
B. Femoral
Which blood vessel is the continuation of the external iliac artery: A. Axillary artery B. Femoral artery C. Internal iliac artery D. Common iliac artery
B. Femoral artery
If an embalmer elevated a gravity percolator ten feet above the injection site how many pounds of potential pressure would be created: A. Ten B. Five C. Fifteen D. Two
B. Five
Complete cellular death always _____ somatic death: A. Precedes B. Follows C. Accompanies D. Has no relationship to
B. Follows
A mixture of formaldehyde gas dissolved in water is: A. Dye B. Formalin C. Embalming powders D. Hardening compounds
B. Formalin
Which of the following characterizes lung purge: A. Coffee ground color B. Frothy white color C. Creamy white purge D. Brownish color
B. Frothy white color
The first people believed to have practiced cremation were the: A. Egyptians B. Greeks C. Romans D. Africans
B. Greeks
Postmortem staining is an extravascular change in the color tissue due to: A. Autolysis B. Hemolysis C. Lipolysis D. Hypostasis
B. Hemolysis
The swelling and bursting of red blood cells is: A. A rupture B. Hemolysis C. Agonal edema D. An ecchymosis
B. Hemolysis
The onset of postmortem changes generally: A. Assists the embalming operation B. Hinders the embalming operation C. Has no effect on the embalming operation D. None of these
B. Hinders the embalming operation
Chemical additives that acts as a moisture retainers in tissues are termed: A. Penetrants B. Humectant C. Anticoagulants D. Surfactant
B. Humectant
Which of these devices found in the preparation room uses water pressure to create a vacuum: A. Trocar B. Hydroaspirator C. Percolator D. Vacuum breaker
B. Hydroaspirator
In the nine region plan, which region of the abdomen pelvic cavity is located immediately inferior to the umbilical region: A. Hypochondriac B. Hypogastric C. Iliac D. Inguinal
B. Hypogastric
The injection pressure which just overcomes the vascular resistance and causes the embalming fluid to center the arterial system at a moderate and uniform rate is: A. Differential B. Ideal C. Actual D. Potential
B. Ideal
The amount of HCHO (formaldehyde) measured in grams dissolved in 100mL of water refers to: A. Volume of phenol B. Index C. Surfactant content D. pH
B. Index
Continuous injection of arterial solution with drainage taken at intervals is called: A. Concurrent B. Intermittent C. Restricted D. Alternate
B. Intermittent
The method of drainage in relation to injection in which injection is continuous and drainage is taken at intervals is the _____ method: A. Alternate B. Intermittent C. Continuous D. Interrupted
B. Intermittent
Which vein is considered to be the companion to the common carotid artery: A. External jugular vein B. Internal jugular vein C. Subclavian vein D. Vertebral vein
B. Internal jugular vein
What is hydrogen peroxide used for in the preparation of a dead body: A. It can be used to stain the tissues of the body B. It can be used as a topical bleach and disinfectant of the body C. It can be used to preserve the tissue of the body D. It can be used to reduce the moisture content of the body
B. It can be used as a topical bleach and disinfectant of the body
Which of these is NOT an expressed purpose for the use of massage cream on the body: A. It will retard dehydration B. It will help retard the coagulation of protein C. Its application can help stimulate circulation D. It can be used as a base for cosmetics
B. It will help retard the coagulation of protein
The individual for whom "Hunter's Canal" is named is: A. Dr. William Hunter B. John Hunter C. Dr. William Harvey D. Jean Gannal
B. John Hunter
The ulnar artery lies along the _____ border of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle: A. Medial B. Lateral C. Posterior D. Inferior
B. Lateral
In cases of emaciation, secondary dilution would be: A. Greater than usual B. Less than usual C. Unaffected D. Non-existent
B. Less than usual
According to the nine region plan, which region of the abdomen pelvic cavity is located just lateral of the umbilical region: A. Inguinal B. Lumbar C. Hypochondriac D. Hypogastric
B. Lumbar
What muscle is injected with arterial fluid to facilitate the closure of the mouth: A. Corrugator B. Masseter C. Temporalis D. Buccinator
B. Masseter
When preparing the primary dilution for an edematous case, the solution should be: A. Milder than usual B. More astringent than usual C. The same strength as for a normal case D. Isotonic
B. More astringent than usual
What instrument is used as a device to facilitate the closure of the mouth: A. Stop cock B. Needle injector C. Cannulae D. Groove director
B. Needle injector
Which instrument is used in the test for death involving the use of a beam of light to check for fluid movement in the retina of the eyeball: A. Stethoscope B. Ophthalmoscope C. Oscilloscope D. Subdural injection test
B. Ophthalmoscope
The passing of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of greater concentration is the definition of: A. Diffusion B. Osmosis C. Hypotonic D. Hypertonic
B. Osmosis
Which of these is the solid state of formaldehyde: A. Paraldehyde B. Paraformaldehyde C. Acetaldehyde D. Ethanol
B. Paraformaldehyde
Which of the following is NOT a component of hardening compounds: A. Paraformaldehyde B. Phenol C. Alum D. Wood powder
B. Phenol
The hardening agent in hardening compounds is: A. Paraformaldehyde B. Plaster of Paris C. Alum D. Wood shavings
B. Plaster of Paris
What type of anticoagulant will break up clots by causing the mineral particles of the blood to fall out of suspension: A. Sequestering agents B. Precipitants C. Surface active agents D. Surfactants
B. Precipitants
Which chemical substances inactivates the saprophytic bacteria of a body and alter the tissues of the body to render them less susceptible to decomposition: A. Surfactants B. Preservatives C. Reodorants D. Anticoagulants
B. Preservatives
Rigor mortis is detrimental to the embalming process because it: A. Helps to distribute the arterial fluid throughout the body B. Retards fluid distribution C. Holds the jaw in place D. Makes the arms easy to pose
B. Retards fluid distribution
Burns that have blisters that form are classified as: A. First degree B. Second degree C. Third degree D. Fourth degree
B. Second degree
The cooling of the body of a corpulent person would be: A. Faster B. Slower C. Unaffected D. None of these
B. Slower
The procedure of injection and drainage in which the injection is accomplished at one place and drainage is taken from another is called: A. Restricted cervical B. Split C. One point D. Double injection
B. Split
The right common carotid artery begins at the level of the: A. Second costal rib B. Sternoclavicular articulation C. Arch of the aorta D. Superior border of the thyroid cartilage
B. Sternoclavicular articulation
A delicate instrument for detecting almost inaudible heart sounds is: A. Oscilloscope B. Stethoscope C. Ophthalmoscope D. None of these
B. Stethoscope
Which of the blood vessels is the origin of the axillary artery: A. External iliac artery B. Subclavian artery C. Brachiocephalic artery D. Brachial artery
B. Subclavian artery
Which of these incisions is located along the superior border of the medial one-third of the clavicle: A. Longitudinal incision B. Supraclavicular incision C. Transverse incision D. Parallel incision
B. Supraclavicular incision
Death beginning in the heart is termed: A. Asphyxia B. Syncope C. Coma D. Apnea
B. Syncope
The study of death: A. Embalming B. Thanatology C. Anatomy D. Theology
B. Thanatology
The purpose of embalming analysis is to determine: A. The size of the casket needed B. The proper embalming technique and chemical to use C. If gloves should be worn while embalming D. If the body needs to be bathed
B. The proper embalming technique and chemical to use
What is the purpose of the quaternary ammonium compounds in embalming fluids: A. They acts as vehicles B. They act as supplementary germicides C. They act as modifying agents D. They act as surface tension reducers
B. They act as supplementary germicides
Perfuming materials are used in embalming fluids because: A. They help the preservation efforts B. They mask the odor of formaldehyde C. They are soluble in tinctures D. They aid in killing bacteria
B. They mask the odor of formaldehyde
Which of the following is NOT a cause of extravascular resistance to fluid distribution: A. Weight of viscera B. Thickened blood C. Rigor mortis of the muscle surrounding the blood vessel D. The presence of a tumor
B. Thickened blood
Which of the following is a purpose of pre-embalming analysis: A. To apply appropriate restorative techniques B. To prescribe and apply proper embalming techniques C. To aid in proper post-embalming techniques D. To apply proper service after call
B. To prescribe and apply proper embalming techniques
How far above the injection site would the bottom of the gravity percolator need to be in order to achieve one pound of injection pressure: A. One foot B. Two feet C. Three feet D. One-half foot
B. Two feet
On the surface of the forearm from the center of the antecubital fossa to a point between the fourth and fifth fingers is the linear guide for the: A. Anterior tibial artery B. Ulnar artery C. Axillary artery D. Posterior tibial artery
B. Ulnar artery
Which of the following substances serves as a solvent for the many ingredients incorporated in an embalming fluid: A. Buffer B. Vehicle C. Surfactant D. Reodorant
B. Vehicle
A blister is also known as a: A. Boil B. Vesicle C. Tumor D. Furuncle
B. Vesicle
Co-injection fluids are used: A. Before arterial solutions B. With arterial solutions C. After arterial solutions D. In conjunction with cavity fluids
B. With arterial solutions
Which of the suture patterns is used to turn under the excess margins of skin in an incision: A. Baseball stitch B. Worm stitch C. Whip stitch D. Draw stitch
B. Worm stitch
When using gravity as a method of obtaining pressure for injecting arterial fluid, the embalmer can expect to receive approximately _____ pound(s) of pressure per foot of elevation above the point of injection: A. 1/4 B. 1 C. 1/2 D. 2
C. 1/2
The amount of arterial fluid necessary to make one gallon of solution at 2% strength using a 20 index fluid is: A. 8oz B. 6.4oz C. 12.8oz D. 18oz
C. 12.8oz
An embalming instrument which is a one piece scalpel used for making incisions and excisions is: A. Barber shears B. Angular scissors C. A bistoury D. An aneurysm needle
C. A bistoury
Any traumatic or pathological change in the structure of the skin is known as: A. Decomposition B. Saponification C. A lesion D. A discoloration
C. A lesion
Jaundice fluid is classified as: A. A cavity fluid B. A standard arterial fluid C. A special arterial fluid D. A supplemental arterial fluid
C. A special arterial fluid
A long hollow needle-like tube that is used to draw out the contents of the cavities and hollow organs of the body is: A. An aneurysm needle B. A hypodermic needle C. A trocar D. A cavity injector
C. A trocar
The cooling of the body to the temperature of its surrounding is: A. Rigor mortis B. Livor mortis C. Algor mortis D. post mortem hypostasis
C. Algor mortis
The post mortem loss of body heat is: A. Agonal algor B. Agonal dehydration C. Algor mortis D. Algor fever
C. Algor mortis
An instrument which is inserted into the artery for the introduction of fluid is: A. A needle injector B. An aneurysm needle C. An arterial tube D. A director
C. An arterial tube
The mixture of embalming fluid and water which is used in arterial injection: A. Cavity fluid B. Arterial fluid C. Arterial solution D. Buffer
C. Arterial solution
Which of these instruments is inserted into an artery to facilitate the introduction of arterial fluid: A. Spring forceps B. Aneurysm needle C. Arterial tube D. Needle injector
C. Arterial tube
The self destruction of cells is known as: A. Saccharolysis B. Lipolysis C. Autolysis D. Algor mortis
C. Autolysis
Which blood vessel continues as the brachial artery: A. Radial artery B. Ulnar artery C. Axillary artery D. Deep palmer artery
C. Axillary artery
Which of these blood vessels is the origin of the brachial artery: A. Dorsalis pedis artery B. Radial artery C. Axillary artery D. Ulnar artery
C. Axillary artery
Which of these is an example of a perfuming agent: A. Carbolic acid B. Ponceau C. Benzaldehyde D. Sodium lauryl sulfate
C. Benzaldehyde
Livor mortis is synonymous with: A. Rigor mortis B. Algor mortis C. Cadaveric lividity D. Agonal mortis
C. Cadaveric lividity
The first body compounds to decompose are: A. Proteins B. Fats C. Carbohydrates D. Bones
C. Carbohydrates
What substance undergoes the fermentation process: A. Fats B. Proteins C. Carbohydrates D. Bone
C. Carbohydrates
A condition which favors edema is: A. Malaria B. Tuberculosis C. Carbon monoxide poisoning D. Typhoid fever
C. Carbon monoxide poisoning
The type of embalming fluid used to disinfect and preserve the viscera in the cavities of the body is: A. Arterial fluid B. Supplemental fluid C. Cavity fluid D. Co-injection fluid
C. Cavity fluid
The linear guide for the axillary artery is from the: A. Center of the base of axillary space to the center of the forearm B. Center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the index finger C. Center of axillary space parallel to the long axis of the upper extremity D. Center of the inguinal ligament to the center of the medial condyle of the femur
C. Center of axillary space parallel to the long axis of the upper extremity.
The linear guide for the femoral artery is from the: A. Center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the index finger B. Center of axillary space parallel to the long axis of the upper extremity C. Center of the inguinal ligament to the center of the medial condyle of the femur D. Center of the popliteal space parallel to the long axis of the lower extremity
C. Center of the inguinal ligament to the center of the medial condyle of the femur
Carbon monoxide poisoning resulting in a _____ discoloration: A. Bluish black B. Grey C. Cherry red D. Bronze
C. Cherry red
Which of the following men established a method of embalming without evisceration: A. Gannal B. John Hunter C. Clauderus D. Dr. William Hunter
C. Clauderus
Death beginning at the brain is termed: A. Catalepsy B. Apnea C. Coma D. Asphyxia
C. Coma
What is the mode of somatic death which begins in the brain: A. Syncope B. Hypothermia C. Coma D. Hypostasis
C. Coma
What type of autopsy consists of the examination of the contents of the cranial and ventral cavities: A. Cranial B. Thoracic C. Complete D. Abdominal pelvic
C. Complete
That procedure of disinfection which takes place during the embalming process would most correctly apply to which of the following: A. Terminal disinfection B. Case analysis C. Concurrent disinfection D. Primary disinfection
C. Concurrent disinfection
The method of drainage in relation to injection in which both injection and drainage are allowed to flow freely throughout the operation is the _____ method: A. Alternate B. Intermittent C. Continuous D. Interrupted
C. Continuous
"Normal" aspiration does not usually involve the: A. Abdominal cavity B. Thoracic cavity C. Cranial cavity D. Pelvic cavity
C. Cranial cavity
Hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the: A. Abdomen B. Thorax C. Cranium D. Lungs
C. Cranium
The separation of body compounds into simpler substances is called: A. Desiccation B. Hypostasis C. Decomposition D. Algor mortis
C. Decomposition
For which of the following cases would high index fluid be recommended: A. Febrile cases B. Emaciated cases C. Decomposition cases D. Dehydration cases
C. Decomposition cases
A drying of the body or tissues as a result of the removal of moisture (water) is: A. Evisceration B. Tanning C. Dehydration D. Embalming
C. Dehydration
Which of the following is NOT classified as a chemical change: A. Rigor mortis B. Autolysis C. Desiccation D. Hemolysis
C. Desiccation
The artery which is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery is the: A. Posterior tibial B. Popliteal C. Dorsalis pedis D. Femoral
C. Dorsalis pedis
The individual who is accredited with the discovery of the circulation of blood is: A. Dr. Frederich Ruysch B. Leonardo Da Vinci C. Dr. William Harvey D. John Hunter
C. Dr. William Harvey
A component of arterial fluids which imparts color to a solvent is a: A. Buffer B. Surfactant C. Dye D. Preservative
C. Dye
Which of the following is an antemortem extravascular blood discoloration: A. Active capillary congestion B. Passive capillary congestion C. Ecchymosis D. Carbon monoxide
C. Ecchymosis
The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces or cavities is: A. Purge B. Desiccation C. Edema D. Liquefaction
C. Edema
Hydrocele is: A. A temporary loss of function B. An acute contagious respiratory disease C. Edema of the scrotum D. Inflammation of the lungs
C. Edema of the scrotum
Which of the following is an example of an intravascular resistance to fluid distribution: A. Tumors B. Pregnancy C. Embolism D. Weight of viscera
C. Embolism
Damage to the valves of the heart usually occurs in cases with: A. Atheroma B. Pneumonia C. Endocarditis D. Diphtheria
C. Endocarditis
What is the name given to a type of purge which has color and odor consistent with that of arterial solution: A. Stomach purge B. Brain purge C. False purge D. Lung purge
C. False purge
The most common method used for arterially injecting a body today is: A. Hand pump B. Bulb syringe C. Force pump D. Gravity percolator
C. Force pump
The discoloration resulting when HCHO reacts with hemoglobin in the tissue is called: A. Bilirubin B. Biliverden C. Formaldehyde grey D. Icterus
C. Formaldehyde grey
The arterial injection of a jaundice case with a normal arterial fluid will likely cause which kind of a discoloration: A. Bronze B. Yellow C. Green D. Gray
C. Green
A blood-filled swelling is descriptive of which of the following: A. Ecchymosis B. Anasarca C. Hematoma D. Hydrocele
C. Hematoma
Which of the following treatments would NOT be recommended for the treatment of intravascular difficulties: A. Slow rate of flow and low pressure B. Care in raising vessels C. High pressure D. Drainage aids
C. High pressure
Which of the following is NOT a method of obtaining pressure for injection of arterial fluid: A. Hand pump B. Gravity percolator C. Hydro aspirator D. Pressure machine
C. Hydro aspirator
Edema within the pleural cavity is: A. Ascites B. Anasarca C. Hydrothorax D. Hydropericardium
C. Hydrothorax
What type of solution has the power to attract a solvent through a semi-permeable membrane into itself: A. Hypotonic solution B. Isotonic solution C. Hypertonic solution D. Moderate solution
C. Hypertonic solution
According to the nine region plan, what abdominal region is superial and lateral to the umbilical region: A. Lumbar B. Inguinal C. Hypochondriac D. Epigastric
C. Hypochondriac
The settling of the blood to the dependent parts of the body is known as: A. Algor mortis B. Rigor mortis C. Hypostasis D. Postmortem stain
C. Hypostasis
What type of solution will have its solvent drawn through a semi-permeable membrane into a more concentrated solution: A. Hypertonic solution B. Isotonic solution C. Hypotonic solution D. Tincture solution
C. Hypotonic solution
An aneurysm may prove troublesome in embalming because: A. It acts as a complete obstruction to fluid flow B. It has a tendency to "short circuit" embalming fluid C. If it ruptures, fluid injected will escape from the vascular system D. It accelerates blood coagulation
C. If it ruptures, fluid injected will escape from the vascular system
Where is the common carotid artery found: A. In the cranium B. In the torso C. In the neck D. In the pelvic cavity
C. In the neck
Where are the iliac arteries and veins located: A. In the lower extremities B. In the upper extremities C. In the pelvic cavity D. In the pleural cavity
C. In the pelvic cavity
Which of the following methods of injection and drainage is recommended for use in embalming cases which exhibit vascular disorders: A. Concurrent method B. Continuous method C. Intermittent method D. Terminal method
C. Intermittent method
Which of these suture patterns is best suited for exposed skin: A. Baseball stitch B. Whip stitch C. Intradermal stitch D. Purse string stitch
C. Intradermal stitch
What type of solution can be placed on opposite sides of a semi-permeable membrane without either solution attracting solvents from the other solution across the membrane: A. Hypotonic solution B. Hypertonic solution C. Isotonic solution D. Strong solution
C. Isotonic solution
Which of these is NOT a disadvantage of using a hand pump to inject embalming fluids: A. It is difficult to refill B. It requires constant attention C. It may be adapted to be used for aspiration D. it has a relatively low pressure range
C. It may be adapted to be used for aspiration
When embalming an autopsy case, which of the following would be utilized to inject the upper left extremity: A. Left internal iliac B. Right subclavian C. Left subclavian D. Left common carotid
C. Left subclavian
An incision into a vessel that is parallel to the long axis of a blood vessel is the: A. Transverse incision B. Triangular incision C. Longitudinal incision D. Perpendicular incision
C. Longitudinal incision
Which of the following treatments should be used when intravascular difficulties are manifested during the embalming process: A. Small injection volume, high index B. High pressure, rapid rate of flow C. Low pressure, slow rate of flow D. High pressure, slow rate of flow
C. Low pressure, slow rate of flow
In the normal eye closure, the eyelids should meet in the: A. Upper one-third of the orbit B. Middle of the orbit C. Lower one-third of the orbit D. Upper one-forth of the orbit
C. Lower one-third of the orbit
The focal point in regards to the cavity treatment of a case with tuberculosis is the: A. Heart B. Intestine C. Lung D. liver
C. Lung
The method of mouth closure employing a suture passed through the septum of the nose and around the mandible is called the: A. Needle injector B. Musculature suture C. Mandibular suture D. Dental tie
C. Mandibular suture
Who was the first to note capillary circulation: A. Jean Gannal B. Thomas Holmes C. Marcello Malpighi D. Leonardo Da Vinci
C. Marcello Malpighi
When preparing an infant case, which of the following is recommended to be applied to the tissues of the visible parts of the body during embalming: A. Colloidion B. Cavity fluid pack C. Massage cream D. Baby powder
C. Massage cream
Which of the following muscles is injected with a hypodermic injection of cavity fluid to facilitate mouth closure: A. Corrugator B. Temporalis C. Masseter D. Sternocleidomastoid
C. Masseter
Chemicals that are added to arterial fluids to meet the varying demands of embalming difficult cases are: A. Buffer agents B. Wetting agents C. Modifying agents D. Sealing agents
C. Modifying agents
Which of these terms designates a person who is in the act of dying: A. Mortifying B. Febrile C. Moribund D. Sick
C. Moribund
The injection of arterial solution at more than one location is referred to as: A. Concurrent injection B. Alternate injection C. Multi-point injection D. Split injection
C. Multi-point injection
The injection and drainage procedure in which the injection and drainage are accomplished through the same incision is called: A. Restricted cervical B. Split C. One point D. Double injection
C. One point
Which of the following conditions would predispose a dead human body to rapid decomposition: A. Refrigeration B. Dehydration C. Peritonitis D. Hemorrhage
C. Peritonitis
Pin-point hemorrhage refers to which of the following: A. Puncture wound B. Hematoma C. Petechia D. Ecchymosis
C. Petechia
Which of these is commonly used moisture absorbing substance is hardening compound: A. Paraformaldehyde B. Paradichlorobenzene C. Plaster of Paris D. Phenol
C. Plaster of Paris
The _____ artery which originates at the opening in the adductor magnus muscle, terminates at the inferior border of the popliteous muscle: A. Femoral B. Anterior tibial C. Popliteal D. Posterior tibial
C. Popliteal
From the center of the popliteal space to a point midway between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus bone is the linear guide for the: A. Anterior tibial artery B. Ulnar artery C. Posterior tibial artery D. Dorsalis pedis artery
C. Posterior tibial artery
The discoloration which is considered to be the most permanent is: A. Postmortem intravascular discoloration B. Antemortem intravascular discoloration C. Postmortem extravascular discoloration D. Livor mortis
C. Postmortem extravascular discoloration
What type of chemical agents are capable of inactivating saprophytic bacteria, rendering unsuitable nutrition for the media upon which bacteria thrive, and arresting the decomposition process: A. Vehicles B. Surfactants C. Preservatives D. Anticoagulants
C. Preservatives
Which chemical agents render microorganisms incapable of growth and reproduction: A. Vehicles B. Surfactants C. Preservatives D. Buffers
C. Preservatives
What substance undergoes the process of decay by aerobic bacterial enzymes: A. Carbohydrates B. Lipids C. Proteins D. Bone
C. Proteins
The decomposition of protein by the action of anaerobic bacteria is: A. Decay B. Fermentation C. Putrefaction D. Lipolysis
C. Putrefaction
What is the decomposition of proteins by the enzymes of anaerobic bacteria: A. Decay B. Carbolysis C. Putrefaction D. Fermentation
C. Putrefaction
Which of the following types of decomposition yields foul odors: A. Decay B. Carbolysis C. Putrefaction D. Saccharolysis
C. Putrefaction
The anatomical guide for the _____ artery is just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle: A. Axillary B. Common carotid C. Radial D. Brachial
C. Radial
Which artery should be raised and injected to facilitate the embalming of the body between the antecubital fossa and the wrist: A. Axillary B. Subclavian C. Radial D. Femoral
C. Radial
The care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color is a definition which would most correctly apply to which of the following: A. Preservation B. Embalming C. Restoration D. Disinfection
C. Restoration
What is the name given to the embalming process in which the injection of one common carotid artery is accomplished while the other common carotid artery is occluded: A. Cross cervical injection B. Double cervical injection C. Restricted cervical injection D. Split cervical injection
C. Restricted cervical injection
The postmortem Stiffening of body muscles is: A. Algor mortis B. Livor mortis C. Rigor mortis D. Cadaveric lividity
C. Rigor mortis
Which of the following postmortem changes is NOT a physical change: A. Algor mortis B. Livor mortis C. Rigor mortis D. Hypostasis
C. Rigor mortis
In an exanthematous disease, which of the following would best describe the skin: A. Unbroken but discolored B. Broken and discolored C. Scaling D. Skin broken and separated from the body
C. Scaling
The dilution of arterial solutions by the fluids of the body is called the: A. Primary solution B. Primary dilution C. Secondary dilution D. Isotonic dilution
C. Secondary dilution
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of massage cream: A. Clean tissue pores B. Retard dehydration C. Secure the jaws into position D. Prevent friction during massage
C. Secure the jaws into position
Which of the following embalming fluids produces maximum disinfection and preservation without causing objectionable changes in skin texture: A. Primary injection fluids B. Cavity fluids C. Semi-hardening arterial fluids D. Co-injection arterial fluids
C. Semi-hardening arterial fluids
Odor, purge, and skin slip are: A. Tests for death B. Expert tests for death C. Signs of decomposition D. none of these
C. Signs of decomposition
What type of death is said to begin in any one of three vital organs: A. Cellular death B. Biological death C. Somatic death D. Clinical death
C. Somatic death
The linear guide for the common carotid artery is from the: A. Center of the base of axillary space to the center of the forearm B. Center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the index finger C. Sternoclavicular articulation to the anterior surface of the lobe of the ear D. Center of the inguinal ligament to the center of the medial condyle of the femur
C. Sternoclavicular articulation to the anterior surface of the lobe of the ear
Directing the trocar point toward the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and the left mid-axillary line is the trocar guide for the: A. Heart B. Urinary bladder C. Stomach D. Cecum
C. Stomach
The right _____ artery is shorter than the left one due to its origin. A. Axillary B. Brachiocephalic C. Subclavian D. Femoral
C. Subclavian
Who is responsible for creating the secondary dilution of the arterial solution: A. The manufacturer of the arterial fluid B. The embalmer C. The body of the deceased D. The purchasing agent of the funeral home.
C. The body of the deceased
The secondary dilution of embalming fluid occurs when: A. The embalmer mixes additional amounts of concentrate into the primary dilution. B. The injected cavity fluid mixes with the with the fluids in the cavity. C. The injected of arterial solution mixes with the body fluids. D. The embalmer mixes more water into the primary dilution.
C. The injected of arterial solution mixes with the body fluids.
Which of the following actions would help normalize the moisture content of an emaciated body: A. The slow injection of an astringent solution B. The rapid injection of a strong solution C. The slow injection of a mild solution D. The injection of a moderate solution at a high rate of flow
C. The slow injection of a mild solution
Which of the following would NOT influence the choice of the artery to be used in embalming: A. The age of the deceased B. The depth of blood vessels C. The temperature of the body D. The distance of the selected vessel from the center of circulation
C. The temperature of the body
During embalming, the head should be: A. Tilted to the left approximately 15 degrees B. Tilted to the right approximately 25 degrees C. Tilted to the right approximately 15 degrees D. Tilted to the left approximately 25 degrees
C. Tilted to the right approximately 15 degrees
What procedure may be used to return the body of an emaciated case to normal contour and moisture content: A. Use large volume of hardening arterial fluid B. Use concurrent injection and drainage C. Use restricted drainage D. Use rapid rate of flow
C. Use restricted drainage
The motorized force pump: A. Uses a gooseneck and fluid bottle B. Works by the force of a moving liquid C. Uses centrifugal force D. Is a least often employed method of creating injection pressure
C. Uses centrifugal force
Which of the following conditions create intravascular resistance to fluid distribution: A. Rigor mortis B. Tumors C. Vascular disease D. Weight of viscera
C. Vascular disease
Which of these sutures is NOT suited for closing an incision on an exposed area of the body: A. Single intradermal stitch B. Subcutaneous stitch C. Whip or roll stitch D. Double intradermal stitch
C. Whip or roll stitch
What is the normal color of a nerve: A. Blue B. Cream C. White D. Red
C. White
Which of the following sutures is described as a recommended hidden stitch which could be used on a cranial autopsy: A. Purse-string B. Baseball C. Worm stitch D. Whip
C. Worm stitch
Which of the following best describes the proper torso incision made when performing an autopsy: A. Half-moon B. Mid-line C. Y shape D. Parallel
C. Y shape
In cases where death is accompanied by high fever: A. Drainage is usually found to be free flowing B. Drainage is light in color C. drainage is usually a problem due to increased blood viscosity D. Drainage is not effected
C. drainage is usually a problem due to increased blood viscosity
The maximum average level of exposure to formaldehyde over an eight hour period is: A. 5.0 ppm B. 2.0 ppm C. 0.5 ppm D. 0.75 ppm
D. 0.75 ppm
The point of entry for the trocar when aspirating the cavities: A. 2 inches below and 2 inches to the left of the umbilicus B. 2 inches above and 4 inches to the left of the umbilicus C. 2 inches below and 2 inches to the Right of the umbilicus D. 2 inches above and 2 inches to the left of the umbilicus
D. 2 inches above and 2 inches to the left of the umbilicus
How much of a 16 index fluid will it take to make 2 gallons of a 1.5% solution: A. 16oz B. 20oz C. 18oz D. 24oz
D. 24oz
Which of these temperatures is considered to be optimum for the growth and reproduction of bacteria: A. 98.6 degrees on the Celsius scale B. 32.0 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale C. 120.0 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale D. 37.0 degrees on the Celsius scale
D. 37.0 degrees on the Celsius scale
If the solute is 28 index and you wish the solution to be 3 gallons of 3%, how many ounces of solute will you need: A. 20.2oz B. 35.7oz C. 38.4oz D. 41.1oz
D. 41.1oz
The normal pH of a living body is: A. 6.0 B. 6.7 C. 7.0 D. 7.4
D. 7.4
What type of autopsy consists of the examination of the gastrointestinal tract and below the diaphragm: A. Cranial B. Complete C. Thoracic D. Abdominal
D. Abdominal
Cosmetic fluids are called so because they contain: A. Formaldehyde B. Phenol C. Humectants D. Active dyes
D. Active dyes
A bronze discoloration develops on the body as a result of: A. Postmortem stain B. Carbon monoxide poisoning C. Jaundice D. Addison's Disease
D. Addison's Disease
A soapy waxy by-product of saponification is: A. Fat B. Muscle C. Protein cell D. Adipocere
D. Adipocere
Which of the following would NOT affect the rate of flow: A. Partially closing the stopcock B. Using a smaller arterial tube C. Adjusting rate of flow knob D. Adjusting pressure knob
D. Adjusting pressure knob
Which of these conditions is associated with edema: A. Refrigeration B. Radiation C. Arthritis D. Alcoholism
D. Alcoholism
Which of the following is a prescribed method for securing the calvarium in place: A. Cements B. Calvarium clamps C. Needle injector D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is classified as a malformation or deformity: A. Tumors B. Paralytic conditions C. Mutilations D. All of the above
D. All of the above
An important factor to consider in case analysis is: A. Moisture content of the tissues B. Age C. Cause of death D. All of these
D. All of these
Changes occurring in the eyes after death include: A. Flattening of the eyeball B. Clouding of the cornea C. Loss of luster of the conjunctiva D. All of these
D. All of these
If the lips will not stay closed during the embalming operation, they may be held in position by means of: A. Wet cotton strips B. Petroleum jelly C. Sutures D. All of these
D. All of these
In case of dental prognathism, you may, after obtaining written permission from the family: A. Extract the teeth B. Realign the teeth C. Let the teeth show D. All of these
D. All of these
One of the factors to be considered in the selection of an artery to be injected is: A. Age B. Weight C. Disease D. All of these
D. All of these
The embalmer should remove as much blood from the body as possible to: A. Diminish secondary dilution B. Remove intravascular discolorations C. Prevent distention D. All of these
D. All of these
When treating a pustular or ulcerated lesions, which of the following should be done: A. Aspirate pus from the pustule B. Swab pocket of aspirated lesion with disinfectant C. Apply surface compress D. All of these
D. All of these
Which of the following should be used for embalming a case which predisposes to dehydration: A. Cold water for dilution B. Primary injection C. Large volume D. All of these
D. All of these
An embalming instrument that is used in raising vessels and for blunt dissection is: A. A scalpel B. A bistoury C. A bone separator D. An aneurysm hook
D. An aneurysm hook
Distention of body tissues is a complication of: A. Tuberculosis B. Poliomyelitis C. Scarlet fever D. Anasarca
D. Anasarca
Distention of the body tissues is a complication of: A. Tuberculosis B. Paralytic conditions C. Febrile disease D. Anasarca
D. Anasarca
Any surface, prominence, or structure which is used to establish the location of an adjacent structure or prominence is a(n): A. Anatomical limit B. Place of incision C. Linear guide D. Anatomical guide
D. Anatomical guide
Chemicals which retard the increase in viscosity of blood are: A. Germicides B. Buffers C. Surfactants D. Anticoagulants
D. Anticoagulants
Which one of these is NOT a recommended method of stimulating blood drainage: A. Increase pressure B. Massage C. Pulsator D. Application of cavity fluid compress
D. Application of cavity fluid compress
Which of the following is an extrinsic factor to be considered in embalming a dead body: A. Pathological conditions B. Body moisture C. Fever D. Atmospheric conditions
D. Atmospheric conditions
The anatomical guide for the _____ artery is posterior to the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle: A. Axillary B. Common carotid C. Radial D. Brachial
D. Brachial
An embalming chemical which affects the stabilization of the acid-base balance within embalming solutions and in the embalming tissues is a(n): A. Bleach B. Anticoagulant C. Dye D. Buffer
D. Buffer
Arteriosclerosis is a condition caused by the presence of _____ in the arterial tunics: A. Hemoglobin B. Amino acids C. Sodium deposits D. Calcium deposits
D. Calcium deposits
Those pre-embalming considerations given to the case at hand are called: A. Pre-injection procedures B. Terminal analysis C. Concurrent analysis D. Case analysis
D. Case analysis
One example of an intrinsic factor in case analysis is: A. Religion B. Refrigeration C. Altitude D. Cause of death
D. Cause of death
Hemolysis complicates the embalming process because it: A. Helps distribute fluids throughout the remains B. Retards fluid distribution C. Coagulates the blood D. Causes a stain
D. Causes a stain
The linear guide for the popliteal artery is from the: A. Center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the index finger B. Center of axillary space parallel to the long axis of the upper extremity C. Center of the inguinal ligament to the center of the medial condyle of the femur D. Center of the popliteal space parallel to the long axis of the lower extremity
D. Center of the popliteal space parallel to the long axis of the lower extremity
The action of formaldehyde on protein is: A. Dialysis B. Saponification C. Autolysis D. Coagulation
D. Coagulation
What should the relative temperature of the primary dilution water be to embalm a severely dehydrated case: A. Hot B. Boiling C. Room temperature D. Cold
D. Cold
Which of these is an example of an air pressure apparatus used to embalm a body: A. Gravity percolator B. Force pump C. Cavity injector D. Compressed air
D. Compressed air
The anatomical guide for the axillary artery is at the medial border of the: A. Teres major muscle B. Biceps brachii muscle C. Brachialis muscle D. Coracobrachialis muscle
D. Coracobrachialis muscle
The irreversible cessation of metabolic activity is known as a(n): A. Coma B. Asphyxia C. Heart attack D. Death
D. Death
pH is a measure of the: A. Amount of buffer used B. Amount of preservative C. Surface tension D. Degree of acidity or alkalinity
D. Degree of acidity or alkalinity
The inferior vena cave is the vein which accompanies the: A. Ascending aorta B. Arch of the aorta C. Thoracic aorta D. Descending aorta
D. Descending aorta
Which of the following is a reliable sign of fluid distribution: A. Tissue fixation B. Tissue distention C. Loss of elasticity of a vessel D. Distention of superficial vessels
D. Distention of superficial vessels
The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection through the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins is called: A. Osmosis B. Diffusion C. Dialysis D. Distribution
D. Distribution
From the center of the anterior surface of the ankle joint to a point between the first and second toe is the linear guide for the: A. Anterior tibial artery B. Ulnar artery C. Posterior tibial artery D. Dorsalis pedis artery
D. Dorsalis pedis artery
Which of the following suture patterns involves the use of two needles: A. Lock stitch B. Baseball stitch C. Worm stitch D. Double intradermal stitch
D. Double intradermal stitch
The "Father of Embalming in the U.S." was: A. John Hunter B. Dr. Frederich Ruysch C. William Hunter D. Dr. Thomas Holmes
D. Dr. Thomas Holmes
The _____ artery changes its name to femoral and is used in the embalming of an autopsied body: A. Brachiocephalic B. Common iliac C. Descending aorta D. External iliac
D. External iliac
Which of the following factors is NOT encountered every dead human body: A. Extrinsic factors B. Intrinsic factors C. Intravascular factors D. Extravascular factors
D. Extravascular factors
The first muscle to be affected by rigor mortis: A. Neck B. Face C. Upper extremities D. Eyes
D. Eyes
Index is a measure of fluid strength which considers the percent of: A. Phenol B. Lanolin C. Acid D. Formaldehyde
D. Formaldehyde
The most positive sign of death is: A. Cessation of respiration B. Cessation of Circulation C. Algor mortis D. Generalized decomposition
D. Generalized decomposition
Which if the following is NOT characteristics of a jaundice fluid: A. Contains reducing agents B. Contains bleaching agent C. Contains dye D. High formaldehyde content
D. High formaldehyde content
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the heart sac is: A. Hydrocele B. Hydrocephalus C. Hydrothorax D. Hydropericardium
D. Hydropericardium
An embalming instrument used to hypodermically inject areas of the body with embalming chemicals is a(n): A. Arterial tube B. Angular forceps C. Aneurysm needle D. Hypo-valve trocar
D. Hypo-valve trocar
Dyes used in arterial fluid which color the fluid in the bottle, but impart no color to the body tissues are: A. Active B. Staining C. Surfactant D. Inactive
D. Inactive
An influential person in medical embalming who was the first to make embalming available to the public is: A. John Hunter B. Gabriel Clauderus C. Dr. Thomas Holmes D. Jean Gannal
D. Jean Gannal
Improper positioning of the head on the headrest may interfere with drainage from the: A. Carotid artery B. Subclavian vein C. Brachial vein D. Jugular vein
D. Jugular vein
Which of the following is NOT involved in the tripod of life: A. Heart B. Brain C. Lung D. Kidney
D. Kidney
If injecting an infant case by way of the heart, which chamber of the heart is considered most appropriate to insert the arterial tube for the best results: A. Right atrium B. Left atrium C. Right Ventricle D. Left Ventricle
D. Left Ventricle
Which test for death involves the discoloration if the distal part of a finger or toe: A. Formaldehyde test B. Fluorescein test C. Ammonia test D. Ligature test
D. Ligature test
In the normal case, the first organ to decompose is the: A. Non-pregnant uterus B. Stomach C. Blood vessels D. Lining of the trachea and larynx
D. Lining of the trachea and larynx
The decomposition of fats occurs by: A. Decay B. Putrefaction C. Fermentation D. Lipolysis
D. Lipolysis
Which of the following is NOT a complication of an edematous body: A. Distention of tissues B. Secondary fluid dilution C. Possible skin slip D. Low moisture content
D. Low moisture content
What method of mouth closure would be used to secure the mouth of a body that has dentures but also serious gum disease: A. Dental tie B. Needle injector C. Wire through bone D. Mandibular suture
D. Mandibular suture
Special cranial cavity treatment is indicated in cases of: A. Septicemia B. Anasarca C. Ascites D. Meningitis
D. Meningitis
That method of mouth closure which employs wires attached to small tacks which are inserted into the upper and lower jaw is called the: A. Dental tie B. Wire through bone C. Mandibular suture D. Needle injector
D. Needle injector
Which of these would be the last to decompose: A. Stomach B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Non-pregnant uterus
D. Non-pregnant uterus
Which of the following are liquids or gels that help treat skin slip, gangrene, and surface ulcerations: A. Mold preventative B. Embalming powders C. Hardening compounds D. Pack applications
D. Pack applications
Which of these is the most commonly used disinfectants and preservative chemical agent in hardening compounds: A. Plaster of Paris B. Clay C. Benzaldehyde D. Paraformaldehyde
D. Paraformaldehyde
When the pathologist makes an incision for a cranial autopsy, which of the following best describes the proper location for the incision to begin: A. Anterior to the tragus B. Inferior to the front of the earlobe C. Superior and anterior to the top of the ear D. Posterior to the ear
D. Posterior to the ear
Which of these is an example of a pre-embalming chemical change in a body: A. Imbibition B. Dehydration C. Algor mortis D. Postmortem caloricity
D. Postmortem caloricity
A postmortem discoloration brought about by the rupture of the red blood cells and a release of their contents into the tissue is: A. Livor mortis B. Algor mortis C. Autolysis D. Postmortem stain
D. Postmortem stain
The science of treating the body chemically, so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition would most appropriately apply to which of the following terms: A. Restoration B. Disinfection C. Embalming D. Preservation
D. Preservation
Chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria and alter tissues so as to render them less susceptible to decomposition are: A. Surfactants B. Germicides C. Humectants D. Preservatives
D. Preservatives
Which of the following accessory chemicals is designed to preserve tissue by either direct contact or through gaseous vapors: A. Mold preventative agent B. Sealing agents C. Humectant agents D. Preservatives powders
D. Preservatives powders
The passing of arterial solution through the capillary wall, caused by positive intravascular pressure is: A. Osmosis B. Diffusion C. Dialysis D. Pressure filtration
D. Pressure filtration
What muscle acts as the anatomical guide for the external iliac artery: A. Adductor longus B. Gastrocnemius C. Soleus D. Psoas major
D. Psoas major
The color of cadaveric lividity can best described by which of the following: A. Gray B. Cherry red C. Green D. Purple
D. Purple
Which of the follow is NOT a consideration in the selection of the artery and vein for injection and drainage in each case to be embalmed: A. Accessibility B. Size C. Effect on posing the body D. Race of the individual
D. Race of the individual
The speed at which the embalming solution enters the body is called: A. Differential pressure B. Potential pressure C. Actual pressure D. Rate of flow
D. Rate of flow
Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic factor in case analysis: A. Age B. Sex C. Weight of body D. Refrigeration
D. Refrigeration
When treating blisters, which of the following is incorrect: A. Puncture and drain the blister before embalming B. Remove loose skin after embalming C. Apply sectional embalming D. Remove loose integument before embalming
D. Remove loose integument before embalming
When embalming an autopsy case, which of the following blood vessels would you utilize to inject the head of the deceased: A. Right and left subclavian B. Right and left axillary C. Right and left common iliac D. Right and left common carotid
D. Right and left common carotid
When embalming an autopsy case, which of the following would be utilized to inject the lower right extremity: A. Right Subclavian B. Right common carotid C. Right axillary D. Right common iliac
D. Right common iliac
The whip stitch is also known as: A. Hidden stitch B. Blanket suture C. Sail stitch D. Roll stitch
D. Roll stitch
Which of these embalming instruments is used to make an incision: A. Groove director B. Bone separator C. Cannula D. Scalpel
D. Scalpel
If a body part has been mutilated, which of the following embalming procedures is recommended: A. One point injection B. High pressure C. Rapid rate of flow D. Sectional embalming
D. Sectional embalming
What instrument can be used to hold a cotton ball used to disinfect the eyes: A. Separator B. Groove director C. Aneurysm hook D. Spring forceps
D. Spring forceps
The common carotid arteries terminate at the level of the: A. Second costal cartilage B. Sternoclavicular articulation C. Arch of the aorta D. Superior border of the thyroid cartilage
D. Superior border of the thyroid cartilage
Which of the following blood vessels is NOT suitable for the injection of arterial fluids into a small infant: A. Arch of the aorta B. Abdominal aorta C. Ascending aorta D. Superior vena cava
D. Superior vena cava
The component of arterial fluid which is designed to decrease the molecular cohesion at the surface of a liquid is a: A. Buffer B. Humectant C. Vehicle D. Surfactant
D. Surfactant
That procedure of disinfection following the embalming process to protect the environment would most appropriately apply to which of the following: A. Secondary disinfection B. Personal hygiene C. Concurrent disinfection D. Terminal disinfection
D. Terminal disinfection
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of an artery: A. They have three tunics B. They are cream colored C. They are deep seated in body parts D. They collapse when cut
D. They collapse when cut
Which of the following would be the most likely to cause intravascular resistance to fluid distribution: A. Edema B. Rigor mortis C. Pregnancy D. Thrombi
D. Thrombi
Which of these is NOT a purpose for blood drainage: A. To remove intravascular discolorations B. To prevent distention C. To retard post-embalming decomposition D. To create dehydration
D. To create dehydration
Which of these is NOT a stated objective of drainage procedures: A. To make room for arterial fluid B. To decrease the secondary dilution of the arterial fluid C. To remove livor mortis D. To increase the secondary dilution of the arterial fluid
D. To increase the secondary dilution of the arterial fluid
Which of these provide extravascular resistance to fluid distribution: A. Clots B. Emboli C. Thrombi D. Tumors
D. Tumors
Chemical additives employed to offset the effects of water with an excessive mineral content are called: A. Humectant B. Surfactant C. Vehicle D. Water conditioners
D. Water conditioners
The initial color change of decomposing tissue is: A. Black B. Blue-black C. Blue D. Yellow-green
D. Yellow-green
