Gabby: Mental Health Nursing Exam 1 Study Guide Chapters: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 27, 34

Causes of Mental Disorders

>Chemical or hormonal (brain imbalances) >Infections (bacterial/viral) Ex: West Nile & UTI >Brian pathology (congenital or traumatic) >Genetic (mutation or predisposition) >Physical deprivation (lack of sleep, malnutrition) >Environmental stressors (Negative influences, Poverty, Cultural) >Lack of resilience (support systems)

Resilience

Ability and capacity to secure resources needed to support well being >Optimism >Sense of mastery >Competence

Which term describes a display of anger that is socially unacceptable?

Aggression

Example question from powerpoint: Which of these mental health problems has the highest annual prevalence in the United States?

Answer: Major Depressive Disorder

Example question from powerpoint: A person has a high level of resilience. Which other characteristic would the nurse expect this person to have?

Answer: Optimism

According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, in which stage would toilet training be achieved?

Autonomy versus shame

Which behavior is the nurse displaying while caring for a depressed 75-year-old woman who reminds her of her grandmother when she spends extra time and attention and brings home-baked cookies?

Countertransference With countertransference, the professional provider of care exhibits an emotional reaction to a client based on a previous relationship or on unconscious needs or conflicts. Affiliation is turning to others for support and help when stressed or conflicted. Displacement is the discharge of pent-up feelings onto something or someone else that is less threatening than the original source of the feelings. Compensation is attempting to balance deficiencies in one area by excelling in another area.

DSM-5 & ICD-10

DSM-5: Official medical guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association for diagnosing psychiatric disorders (Identifies disorders based on specific criteria) ICD-10 Used for billing and reimbursement

Diathesis-stress model

Diathesis: biological predisposition Stress: environmental stress or trauma

By projecting self into the client's emotions, the nurse attempts to understand the feelings that the client is experiencing. Which factor is the nurse using to promote communication and the nurse-client relationship?

Empathy

Which characteristic is most essential for the nurse to have in caring for clients with mental health disorders?

Empathy Empathy—understanding and, to some extent, sharing the emotions of another—encourages the expression of feelings. Sympathy, or feeling sorry for someone, may further decrease the client's feelings of self-worth. Although organization may help the client accept limits and organize activities, it is not as important as empathy. An authoritarian approach will emphasize the client's weak ego and lack of self-esteem.

Which intervention is most helpful for parents who just learned that their newborn baby has a heart defect?

Encourage the expression of their feelings

Which benefit is provided by milieu therapy?

Environment provides structure, routine, and security In milieu therapy, the setting is designed to give the clients a feeling of stability, predictability, and safety. Individual and family therapy are separate treatment modalities that can occur in addition to milieu therapy. Using positive reinforcement to reduce guilt is a behavioral modification technique. Uncovering unconscious conflicts and fantasies is accomplished during psychoanalysis.

The nurse advises a client with anxiety to focus on a positive scene. Which relaxation technique is the nurse using?

Guided imagery Guided imagery is the process of using pleasant images to help reduce stress and anxiety levels. Biofeedback uses precise measurements of specific indicators to help users learn to control them. Meditation is a discipline that trains the mind to produce calm and insight into one's life. It involves concentrating on a specific object or sound, such as breathing or a flickering candle, to quiet the mind. Progressive muscle relaxation is the deliberate tensing and relaxing of specific muscles to elicit the relaxation response.

Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which task must a 30-year-old client work through?

Intimacy versus isolation

Regarding the past experiences of clients who have immigrated, which consideration would the nurse incorporate when planning care?

It is important to first assess immigrants' values and beliefs.

Barries to Access

Lack of providers in rural areas Lack of health care insurance Stigma associated with seeking mental health care

Chapter 1:

Mental Health and Mental Illness

Which term describes the language pattern of a client who creates new and meaningless words as he speaks?

Neologism Neologism is the invention of new words with meanings understood only by the client. Perseveration is repetitive verbalizations or motions. Pressured speech is rapid speech with an urgent quality. Tangential speech is a tendency to digress from the original subject.

Which relationship is the most important to the formation of personality?

Parent-child relationships Children base their own worth on the feedback they receive from their parents. This sense of worth sets the basic ego strengths and is vital to the formation of the personality. Peer groups and sibling relationships are important; however, the parent-child relationship is the most important. Spousal relationships come later in life, after the basic personality has been formed.

Which information can be found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5)?

Signs and symptoms associated with mental disorders

A client has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Which behavior would the nurse expect to observe?

Spending hours each day worrying about something "bad happening"

Which quality is the most important tool the nurse brings to the therapeutic nurse-client relationship?

The self and a desire to help The nurse brings an understanding of self and basic principles of therapeutic communication; this is the unique aspect of the helping relationship. Knowledge of psychopathology, advanced communication skills, and years of experience in the field all support the psychotherapeutic management model and contribute to quality of care, but these are secondary to the offering of self and the fundamentals of good communication.