Gastrointestinal Quiz Bank Questions

A community health nurse is planning an educational program about hepatitis A. When preparing the materials, the nurse should identify that which of the following groups is most at risk for developing hepatitis A? a. children b. older adults c. women who are pregnant d. middle-aged men

a. children the usual mode of transmission of hep A is the fecal-oral route. children and young adults are most often affected by the hep A virus. typically, a child or young adult acquires the infection at school through poor hygiene, through hand-to-mouth contact, or via another form of clost contact

A nurse is a provider's office is assessing a client who has GERD. The nurse should expect the client to report which of the following manifestations (select all that apply) a. regurgitation b. nausea c. belching d. heartburn e. weight loss

a, b, c, d

A nurse is teaching a client who has a colostomy about ways to reduce flatus and odor. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include? a. eat crackles and yogurt regularly b. chew minty gum throughout the day c. drink orange juice every day d. put an aspirin in the pouch

a. eat crackers and yogurt regularly crackers, toast, and yogurt can help reduce flatus, which contributes to odor

A nurse is caring for a client who has an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. ensure bowel rest b. offer sparkling water frequently c. administer a stool softener d. offer plain warm tea frequently

a. ensure bowel rest Clients who has an exacerbation of Crohn's disease usually require NPO status to ensure bowel rest and promote healing and recovery

A nurse is caring for a client who is 4hr postoperative following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? a. right shoulder pain b. urine output of 20 mL/hr c. temperature of 101.1 d. oxygen saturation 92%

a. right shoulder pain the client can experience pain in the right upper shoulder due to gas (carbon dioxide) injected into the abdominal cavity during the laparoscopic procedure, which can irritate the diaphragm and cause referred pain in the shoulder area. The pain disappears in 1-2 days. Mild analgesics and a recumbent position can promote client comfort

A nurse is demonstrating colostomy care to a client who has a new colostomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform? (select all that apply) a. use antimicrobial ointment of the peristomal skin b. empty the bag when it is one-third to one-half full c. cut the skin barrier opening a little larger than the ostomy d. wash the peristomal skin with mild soap and water e. apply the skin barrier while the skin is slightly moist

b, c, d

A nurse is caring for a client who has ulcerative colitis. The provider prescribes bed rest with bathroom privileges. When the client asks the nurse why he has to stay in bed, which of the following responses should the nurse provide? a. "You need to conserve energy at this time." b. "Lying quietly helps slow down the activity in your intestines." c. "Staying in bed promotes the rest and comfort you need." d. "Staying in bed will help prevent injury and minimize your fall risk."

b. "Lying quietly in bed helps should down the activity in your intestines." the greatest risk to the client is complications from severe diarrhea such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and gastrointestinal bleeding and trauma. activity restriction can help result intestinal peristalsis and diarrhea

A nurse is assessing a client who is in the early stages of hepatitis A. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? a. jaundice b. anorexia c. dark urine d. pale feces

b. anorexia anorexia is is an early manifestations of hepatitis A and is often severe. It is thought to result from the release of a toxin by the damaged liver or by the failure of the damaged liver cells to detoxify an abnormal product

A nurse is teaching a client who has diabetes mellitus about hypoglycemia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include? (select all that apply) a. bradycardia b. diaphoresis c. deep, rapid respirations d. palpitations e. shakiness

b. d. e.

A nurse is caring for a client who has percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube and is receiving intermittent feedings. Prior to initiating the feeding, which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. flush the tube with water b. place the client in the semi-fowler s position c. cleanse the skin around the tube site d. aspirate the tube for residual contents

b. place the client in the semi-folwer's position the nurse should apply the ABC priority-setting framework, which emphasizes the basic core of human functioning: having an open airway, being able to breathe in adequate amounts of oxygen, and circulating oxygen to the body's organs via the blood. An alteration in any of these areas can indicate a threat to life and is the nurse's priority concern. When applying the ABC priority-setting framework, airway is always the highest priority because the airway must be clear for oxygen exchange to occur. Breathing is the second priority because adequate ventilatory effort is essential for oxygen to critical organs only occurs if the heart and blood vessels are capable of efficiently carrying oxygen to them

A nurse is providing teaching about nutrients to a client. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? a. "Carbohydrates transport nutrients throughout the body." b. "Fats prevent ketosis." c. "Protein builds and repairs body tissue." d. "Carbohydrates help regulate body temperature."

c. "Protein builds and repairs body tissue." The primary function of protein involves building and repairing and body tissues. The skin, hair, and nails are also made of protein structures. A diet that is low in protein can impair wound healing.

A nurse is caring for a client who has acute pancreatitis. Which of the following serum laboratory values should return to the expected reference range within 72 hr of treatment beginning? a. aldolase b. lipase c. amylase d. lactic dehydrogenase

c. amylase pancreatitis is the most common diagnosis for marked elevations in serum amylase. Serum amylase begins to increase about 3-6 hours following the onset of acute pancreatitis. The amylase level peaks in 20-30 hours and returns to the expected reference range within 2-3 days

A nurse is planning care for a client who has cholelithiasis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan? a. restrict the client's fluid intake b. restrict the client's calcium intake c. decrease the client's fat intake d. decrease the client's potassium intake

c. decrease the client's fat intake The nurse should decrease the client's fat intake to reduce the occurrence of biliary colic

A nurse is caring for a child who had her spleen removed following a bicycle accident. The child's parent asks the nurse about the role of the spleen in the body. The nurse should explain that the spleen performs which of the following functions? a. maintains fluid balance b. regulates calcium in the blood c. destroys old blood cells d. produces prothrombin

c. destroys old blood cells the nurse should tell the parent that the spleen destroys old blood cells, filters antigens, and stores platelets. a client without a spleen has an increased risk of infection and sepsis due to a reduced immune function.

A nurse is completing a history and physical assessment for a client who has chronic pancreatitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a likely cause of the client's condition? a. high-calorie diet b. prior gastrointestinal illnesses c. tobacco use d. alcohol use

d. alcohol use Alcohol consumption is a major cause of chronic pancreatitis in the US. Long-term alcohol use disorder produces hypersecretion of protein in pancreatic secretions, which results in protein plugs and calculi within the pancreatic ducts. Alcohol also has a direct toxic effect on the cells of the pancreas. Damage to these cells is more likely to occur and to be more severe in clients whose diets are poor in protein content and either very high or very low in fat.

A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing perforation of a peptic ulcer. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? a. increased blood pressure b. decreased heart rate c. yellowing of the skin d. boardlike abdomen

d. boardlike abdomen the nurse should expect this client who is experiencing perforation of peptic ulcer to exhibit manifestations of a board-like abdomen and severe pain in the abdomen or back that radiates to the right shoulder. vomiting of blood and shock can occur if the perforation causes hemorrhaging.

A nurse is caring for a client who has diverticulitis and a new prescription for a low-fiber diet. Which of the following food items should the nurse remove from the client's meal tray? a. canned fruit b. white bread c. broiled hamburger d. coleslaw

d. coleslaw coleslaw contained raw cabbage, which is high in fiber. clients who are following a low-fiber diet should avoid most raw vegetables

A nurse is caring for a client who has gastrointestinal bleeding. the provider suspects a bleeding lesion in the colon. The initial approach to treatment likely will involve which of the following procedures? a. exploratory laparotomy b. double-contrast barium enema c. magnetic resonance imaging d. colonoscopy

d. colonoscopy a colonoscopy requires the insertion of a flexible scope into the rectum. the provider advances the scope carefully until it enters the colon. it can provider direct cause and location of bleeding

A nurse is teaching a client who has cirrhosis of the liver and a history of alcohol consumption. The nurse should explain that alcohol can cause liver cirrhosis through which of the following actions? a. increasing the workload of the liver by releasing stored glycogen b. causing ulceration of liver tissue that can lead to bleeding c. dilating veins in the portal circulation d. destroying liver cells that are later replaced with scar tissue

d. destroying liver cells that are later replaced with scar tissue The development of cirrhosis in a client who consumes alcohol is related to liver inflammation and cell destruction. Over time, nonfunctional scar tissue and fibrosis replace the necrotic liver cells.

A nurse is updating the plan of care for a client who has dumping syndrome. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a. consume beverages with meals b. eat 3 large meals per day c. include high-fiber foods in the diet d. eat a source of protein with each meal

d. eat a source of protein with each meal The nurse should include in the client's plan of care the instruction to eat a source of protein with each meal because protein delays gastric emptying

A nurse is monitoring the laboratory results of a client who has end-stage liver failure. Which of the following results should the nurse expect? a. decreased lactate dehydrogenase b. increased serum albumin c. decreased serum ammonia d. increased prothrombin time

d. increased prothrombin time clients who have end-stage liver failure have an inadequately supply of clotting factors and an increased prothrombin time

A nurse is planning an in-service training session for a group of nurses regarding the role of enzymes in digestion. Which of the following enzymes plays a role in the digestion of protein? a. amylase b. lipase c. steapsin d. pepsin

d. pepsin pepsin is an enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa that breaks down protein into polypeptides. Other enzymes such as trypsin and aminopeptidase further break down the polypeptides into amino-acids, which can be used by the body

A nurse is performing a gastrointestinal assessment of a client who has liver cirrhosis with abdominal distention. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to assess for changes in the client's abdominal distention? a. percuss the abdomen for tympanic sounds b. inspect the contour of the abdominal wall c. instruct the client to report increased abdominal discomfort d. take serial measurements of the abdomen with a tape measure

d. take serial measurements of the abdomen with a tape measure measuring the abdomen is the most effective way to assess for a change in abdominal distention because it provides concrete, objective data can be compared at various points in time to monitor changes