gen bio exam 1

Geese are known to use the magnetic field of the Earth in navigating their twice yearly migrations. This is an example of which characteristic of life?

interacting with the environment

Engineers design city sidewalks using blocks of concrete separated by a small gap to prevent them from cracking. What property of water is being taken into account for this design? Water

is less dense when it is frozen

Bases can

both take up hydrogen ions and release hydroxide ions.

An atom's outermost electron shell

determines its chemical reactivity

A covalent bond occurs when

electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their octets

In science, a theory

encompasses many hypotheses

An atom with a neutral charge has

equal numbers of protons and electrons

An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n)

ion

The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another, such as Na to Cl to complete the octet.

ionic

An element has an atomic number of 78. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are

78 protons and 78 electrons

In what ways are radioactive isotopes potentially harmful?

Unmonitored release into the environment can make changes in a cell's DNA.

Of the following examples which best demonstrates the property of water cohesion?

Water can move up a 100 foot pine tree from the roots to the leaves.

Which property of water would help to account for how an individual who is exercising and producing excessive heat can maintain a constant body temperature?

Water has high heat capacity.

What property of water causes sugar to dissolve in coffee?

Water is a good solvent.

After spending an hour working outside in the hot, sunny weather, a person typically perspires and will need to drink water. This is part of

maintaining homeostasis

Bioethics is a branch of biology concerned with

the development and consequences of biological technology.

Which of the following explains the events occurring when water boils?

Hydrogen bonds are broken between neighbor water molecules.

Which of the following is not one of the most common elements in living things?

Iron

Why is evolution an important process for living things?

It gives them traits that better match their environment.

Which of the following is NOT a property of water?

It is denser when frozen than when liquid.

A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components?

a nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate group, and a sugar

Which of the following terms is not correctly matched with a correct example?

a tropical rainforrest - community

Many insects do not see into the red color-range and as a result, many insect-pollinated flowers are colors other than red (e.g., purple and yellow). This flower coloration would be considered a(n)

adaptation

______refers to the variation of life on Earth.

biodiversity

Isotopes of an atom differ in their

atomic mass

All atoms of the same element have the same

atomic number

What type of bond allows water molecules to interact with one another?

hydrogen

If a material mixes readily with water it is identified as

hydrophillic

Isotopes of an element differ in their

neutron number

Natural selection is a process where organisms that are better suited to a certain set of environmental conditions tend to survive and reproduce more often than others. This leads to evolution as

organisms with those traits appear more often in the population

Which of the following is in correct order from smallest to largest?

peptide - polypeptide - protein

The process of _____________________ transforms solar energy into chemical energy.

photosynthesis

Elements differ from each other in their

physical properties and atomic number.

Glycogen is a ________ made of many __________.

polymer; glucose molecules

Scientists were studying temperature selection among pregnant big brown bats. What would the treatment group be in this experiment?

pregnant bats

Amino acids are seen in ______ as _______ are needed to create DNA.

protein; nucleotide

In the reaction 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide is one of the

reactants

As fall approaches, whitetail deer begin to accumulate a layer of body fat. This is an example of which characteristic of life?

response to the environment

Sulfur has an atomic number of 16. What would be the valence number of this element?

six

Which of the following correctly lists the classification categories from least to most inclusive?

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

Plants store their sugar in the form of

starch

Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water

surface tension

After drinking a great deal of coffee (pH 5), a human's blood buffering system would need to ______________ as the coffee was digested to lower the level of acid present in the blood stream.

take up OH-

What is the discipline of naming and classifying organisms according to certain rules?

taxonomy

What is the application of scientific knowledge for a practical purpose?

technology

Which of the following levels of a protein are susceptible to denaturation?

tertiary and quaternary structures

The term "functional" is used in the phrase "functional group" because it describes a group of atoms

that react a certain way with other molecules.

The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of

the concentration of H+ present in a solution

Students were studying properties of water. One student placed a cup containing 80 mL of water in a freezer. Another student placed an identical cup containing 40 mL of water in the same freezer. Which of the following will be the same for both cups of water?

the temperature at which the water freezes

Which of these is a property of isotopes that make it useful in cell biology?

they behave the same chemically

Why do cells need buffering agents?

to minimize the changes in pH of their internal environment

A water molecule is polar because of

unequal sharing of electrons

Which nitrogen containing base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

uracil

How many kingdoms are listed in the picture above?

3

Linda is studying the interaction between porcupines, pinion pine trees, and pine bark beetles. Over the course of her study in northern Texas, she observes the behaviors of 25 porcupines, records the location of 151 pinion pines, and traps 332 beetles. Her study encompasses _________ population(s) and ___________ organisms.

3; 508

The pH of pure water is ______ because ___________________________

7.0; water dissociates an equal number of H+ ions and OH-

Based on the evolutionary tree of the three domains, which of the following is true?

All three domains have a common ancestor.

When a person orders a hamburger with lettuce, tomato, and mayonnaise on it, which of the following would be a FALSE statement about the nutritional intake?

Glycogen will be obtained from the bun.

What is the two-part naming system used by scientist identify an organism?

Binomial nomenclature

Which formula is a hydrocarbon?

CH4

Phylum Arthropoda is broken into subgroups which include both Arachnida (e.g., spiders) and Insecta (e.g., insects). As a result, Arachnida and Insecta most likely belong to which classification category?

Class

Prokaryotes belong to ________

Domain Archaea.

What organism in the protist kingdom has both animal and plant-like characteristics?

Euglena

Domain _______________ includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms.

Eukarya

Populations of amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by disease and high rates of deformity. A recent study investigated whether problems among the populations have arisen due to poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. Biologists from the University of Florida collected local adult cane toads (Bufo marinus) from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture; both large-scale and small-scale farms as well as from suburbs. At collection sites where 50-97% of the adjacent land was farmed, males showed high levels of feminization. Feminized male toads were similar in color to females and had lower levels of testosterone and often also deformed gonads. These changes can lead to sterile males or changes in behavior that prevent mating from occurring. At the end of their study, scientists stated that they had supported their theory that agricultural chemical cause deformities.

False because they were testing a hypothesis not a theory.

All single-celled organisms including archaea and bacteria are prokaryotes.

False, because some eukaryotes, including protista, are single-celled.

The mountain zebra (Equus zebra) and the donkey (Equus asinus) belong to the same species

False, because the specific epithet is different.

An aspiring scientist in a biology class wanted to conduct a study on the effects of cigarette smoke on the web-building ability of spiders. Which of the following statements is an incorrect use of terms pertaining to the scientific method?

Robert wanted to see if his theory was true that cigarette smoke will influence web-building in spiders.

Regarding atoms, identify which statement below is correct.

The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom governs its chemical activity.

Rick keeps a worm bin in his basement because they need cooler temperatures to survive. He feeds them about 1 pound of kitchen scraps each week. One summer the temperatures rose above the optimal temperature for the red worms (~ 85F) and many in his colony died. However, those that survive continued to reproduce and within 6 months his colony was again thriving. The next summer, unusually warm temperatures again cause the basement temperatures to rise above 85F for 2 days in a row. Surprisingly, Rick noticed that only a small portion of the worm colony died. What is the best explanation for this?

The worms surviving the first year had a higher heat tolerance and passed this trait to their offspring.

What do lemons, tomatoes, and coffee all have in common chemically?

They all produce (H+) in solution, making them acids.

Of the following, which is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share?

They are made of repeated monomer units.

What makes saturated triglycerides considerably less healthy than unsaturated ones?

They possess no double bonds between carbon atoms making them more tightly packed together.

Managing emerging diseases such as SARS and COVID are just one of the many challenges facing science today.

True

Sam loves to spend time caring for the plants in his garden. To minimize damage from pests from his garden, Sam uses a pesticide spray. At first the spray is very effective and kills off most of the insects that he sees on his vegetable plants. However, after a few years of using the same pesticide he notices that some insects are surviving and continuing to eat his plants. The ability of some of the insects to survive pesticide spraying would be considered

adaptation

The beaks of birds are well suited to the type of food they eat. This result arises from

adaptations that occur as part of natural selection leading to a closer and closer fit between organisms and their environment.

Which of the following would describe a polypeptide?

amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions

A pond ecosystem includes small water fleas which feed on submerged aquatic plants. When the water fleas die, they sink to the bottom of the pond and where they decompose with the help of bacteria. List in order the producer, decomposer, and consumer in this system

aquatic plants, bacteria, water fleas

Which of the following lists the terms from simplest to most complex?

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

Scientists created an enzyme that will break down any type of carbohydrate. If given to humans, they could use which of the following as a new food source?

cellulose

Wood and cotton cloth are composed of

cellulose

Burning fossil fuels and destruction of forests causes imbalances in the chemical cycling of carbon.This causes ______ of the Earth's climate.

climate change

Glucose, C6H12O6, is best described as a(n)

compound

Richard is an avid gardener who spends a lot of time caring for the plants in his garden. To minimize damage from pests from his garden, Richard uses a pesticide spray. At first the spray is very effective and kills off most of the insects that he sees on his vegetable plants. However, after a few years of using the same pesticide he notices that some insects are surviving and continuing to eat his plants. The constant use of pesticides by Richard has led to genetic changes in the population over many generations. This is an example of

evolution

The purpose of a control group in an experiment is

for comparison to the other test groups.

Humans store their polysaccharides in the form of

glycogen

Which of the following is NOT a dehydration synthesis reaction?

glycogen forming glucose molecules

All the chemical reactions that occur in a cell are called

metabolism

Living organisms must constantly take in energy in order to power functions necessary to remain alive. The chemical reaction that involve energy conversion are called

metabolism

The basic building block or subunit of many biological molecules is called a

monomers

In a dehydration reaction, ________. In order for this to occur water is ________.

monomers are joined to become a polymer; removed

Bob is an avid gardener who spends a lot of time caring for his vegetable plants in his garden. To minimize damage from pests from his garden, Bob uses a pesticide spray. At first the spray is very effective and kills off most of the insects that he sees on his vegetable plants. However, after a few years of using the same pesticide he notices that some insects are surviving and continuing to eat his plants. This selection for herbicide resistance in the insects is an example of _________________.

natural selection

The process of _______________________ leads to organisms that are ___________________________ that environment

natural selection: adapted to

Baking soda is sometimes used as an antacid. The chemical name for baking soda is Sodium Bicarbonate. What is the bicarbonate doing to help with stomach upset?

It is serving as a buffer to take up excess H+ ion from stomach acid.

Which of the following would be an example of the value of water's heat capacity?

Living organisms are better able to maintain their internal body temperature because the temperature of their environment changes very slowly.

All of the following are true with respect to DNA except

asexual reproduction results in offspring with DNA that is different from the parent.

Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?

atom

Which of the following is the most encompassing level of organization?

ecosystem

When you eat a salad, which one of the following components will pass through the body with the least amount of digestion?

lettuce

What category of biological molecules are steroids included in?

lipids