Gen Bio1 Final

As mentioned in the Basic Chemistry recap, water molecules can dissociate, allowing free hydrogen ions to associate with other water molecules. The combination of a free hydrogen ion plus a water molecules results in the production of the hydronium ion (H3O). Based on what you know about the hydrogen ion and water, what is the electrical charge of the hydronium ion? It is positively charged (+) B It is negatively charged (-) C It is uncharged

It is positively charged (+)

We can produce a compound known as hydrogen fluoride (HF) by combining an atom of hydrogen with an atom of fluorine. Based on information provided to you in the charts above, what type of chemical bond would be formed when we produce this compound? A Ionic bond Polar covalent bond C Nonpolar covalent bond D Hydrogen bond E Van der Waals bond

Polar covalent bond

This photo shows 5/20 amino acids. Which of the amino acids pictured is polar? a. threonine b. alanine c. valine d. serine e. proline

a. threonine d. serine

Based on the Periodic Table, how many total electrons must an atom of Sulfur share with other atoms in order to be stable and non-reactive? a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e 5 f 6 g 7 h 8

b 2

The picture below shows the structure of Raffinose, an oligosaccharide found in many vegetables such as broccoli and asparagus. Raffinose is what we refer to as a "trisaccharide" because it is composed of 3 monosaccharides: galactose, glucose, and fructose. Based on this information and the picture, how many GLYCOSIDIC bonds does a molecule of raffinose contain? a 1 b 2 c 3 d 18 e Imma complain to the Dean because this is ridiculous!

b 2

How many VALENCE ELECTRONS are found in an atom of Sulfur? a 2 b 6 c 8 d 16 e 32

b 6

Oooooo...wut's in the picture below? a A phospholipid! b A saturated triglyceride! c An unsaturated triglyceride! d A sterol! e Dunno

b A saturated triglyceride!

How many amino acids are known as "essential" amino acids and must be obtained from the diet? . a 2 b 5 c 9 d 11 e 20

b Peptide bonds

The picture shows the structure of a nucleic acid. What type of nucleic acid is shown in the picture? a. this is an rna molecule b. this is one of the two strands of a dna molecule c. this could be either rna or dna

b. this is one of the two strands of a dna molecule

Which of the following lipids are considered to be amphipathic? a An unsaturated triglyceride b A saturated triglyceride c A phospholipid

c A phospholipid

There are two major types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following statements is true? a Prokaryotic cells lack genetic material b All organisms composed of prokaryotic cells are unicellular and all organisms composed of eukaryotic cells are multicellular c Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells because they lack membrane-bound organelles d ALL of the above is TRUE e None of the above is TRUE

c Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells because they lack membrane-bound organelles

If we use the following strand of DNA as a template for producing the mRNA molecule: 3'- TAC CAC TTT CTT ACA AGC -5' What is the sequence of the other (non-template) strand of DNA? a. 5'- AUG GUG AAA GAA UGU UCG - 3' b. 3'- ATG GTG AAA GAA TGT TCH -5' c. 5' - ATG GTG AAA GAA TGT TCG - 3' d. 5'- TAC CAC TTT CTT ACA AGC - 3'

c. 5' - ATG GTG AAA GAA TGT TCG - 3'

Sulfur is a pretty important element in the human body! The picture below shows the Periodic Table entry for Sulfur. Based on this information, how many PROTONS does an atom of sulfur possess? a 2 b 6 c 8 d 16 e 32

d 16

Yep...we are still on Sulfur. How many TOTAL electrons are found in an atom of Sulfur? a 2 b 6 c 8 d 16 e 32

d 16

What is the purpose of the polysaccharide known as Glycogen? a It is used to store energy in plant cells b It occurs on the surface of cells and is used to identify them. c It is an important part of DNA and RNA d It is used to store energy in animal cells e It is used to transport glucose in plants

d It is used to store energy in animal cells

Amino acids all have a similar structure. However, the manner in which they behave (that is, whether they are polar, nonpolar, or charged) has to do with one portion of their structure. Which portion of their structure influences their function? a Their alpha carbon b Their carboxyl group c Their amino group d Their R group

d Their R group

How many PROTONS are present in an atom of Phosphorus (P)? A 3 B 5 C 8 15 E 30

15

How many electrons MUST an atom of carbon share with other atoms in order to fulfill the Octet Rule? A 1 B 2 4 D 6 E 8

4

How many VALENCE ELECTRONS are in an atom of oxygen? A 2 B 4 6 D 8 E 16

6

How many TOTAL ELECTRONS are present in an atom of Nitogen (N)? A 2 B 3 C 5 7 E 14

7

Which of the monomers pictured contains a circled carboxyl group?

A

In this image the two ends of the polynucleotide strand are labled using A and B. Which end is the 3' end of the strand?

B

Which of the monomers pictured contains a circled nonpolar functional group?

B

This photo shows the different levels of protein structure. Which of the levels is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between partially positive amino groups and partially negative carboxyl groups of non-neighboring amino acids on a single polypeptide chain?

B and C

The attached picture shows different biological monomers that are used to produce biological polymers. Which of the monomers shown is most likely to be found in a nucleic acid?

C

Which level of protein structure is caused by the attractive forces between two or more polypeptide strands? (from photo)

E

The compound sodium iodine (NaI) is formed by ionic bonds when an atom of iodine removes and electron from an atom of sodium. It is soluble in water. Therefore, when you add it to water, water molecules will form hydration shells around the sodium and iodine ions. When this occurs, which portion of the water molecules will be attracted to the iodine ions? Hydrogens B Oxygen

Hydrogens

In Question 6, we produced a compound known as hydrogen fluoride (HF) by combining a single atom of hydrogen with a single atom of fluorine. Is this compound HYDROPHOBIC or HYDROPHILIC?

Hydrophilic

Five of the six most abundant elements found in living things include: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus. What is the sixth member of this group? A Silicon Sodium C Selenium Sulfur E Strontium

Sulfur

Which of the following compounds is LEAST likely to be water-soluble? The compound methane (CH4), which is formed by covalent bonds between a carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms B The compound ammonia (NH3) which is formed by covalent bonds between a nitrogen atom and 3 hydrogen atoms The compound potassium chloride (KCl) which is formed by ionic bonds between a potassium atom and a chlorine atom

The compound methane (CH4), which is formed by covalent bonds between a carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms

Yep...Sulfur again. Seriously, it really is important. Anyhoo...Can you tell me the number of ELECTRONS that are found in orbitals within the FIRST ENERGY LEVEL of an atom of Sulfur? a 2 b 6 c 8 d 16 e 32

a 2

What type of chemical reaction is used to BREAK APART the chemical bonds that hold amino acids together in a protein? a A hydrolysis reaction b A dehydration reaction

a A hydrolysis reaction

Which of the lipids pictured is amphipathic?

a and d

If we use the following strand of DNA as a template for producing the mRNA molecule: 3'- TAC CAC TTT CTT ACA AGC -5' What is the sequence of mRNA that will be produced using this template strand? a. 5'- AUG GUG AAA GAA UGU UCG - 3' b. 3'- ATG GTG AAA GAA TGT TCH -5' c. 5' - ATG GTG AAA GAA TGT TCG - 3' d. 5'- TAC CAC TTT CTT ACA AGC - 3'

a. 5'- AUG GUG AAA GAA UGU UCG - 3'

What type of chemical reaction is responsible for the formation of the disaccharide sucrose from a molecule of glucose and a molecule of fructose? a. hydrolysis reaction b. dehydration reaction

b. dehydration reaction +

Fructose is a hexose sugar. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY to represent its chemical structure? a C7H14O7 b C3H6O3 c C5H10O5 d C6H6O6 e C6H12O6

e C6H12O6