Gen Psych Chapter 8A : Human Development

The nucleus of a human cell contains ____________ Chromosomes.

23 pairs of

Approximately _____of babies have an easy temperament.

40%

Children are considered to be fluent in their native language by the time they are ____________ years of age.

5-6

How are critical and sensitive periods related?

A critical period is a type of sensitive period.

The language acquisition device (LAD) is associated with:

Chomsky.

Chromosomes are molecules of:

DNA

Gavin has brown hair and green eyes. He is outgoing and a risk-taker, and he excels at his job as a financial analyst. All of these observable traits are part of his:

Phenotype

_____________ is the weakest sense in newborns.

Sight

Derwood is 8 years old and likes to do art projects at school. However, the projects he has completed so far haven't received good grades, and in several instances his friends have laughed at the things he has done. Based on Erikson's theory, Derwood may develop:

a sense of inferiority.

As compared with the adult brain, the newborn's brain has ________ neurons.

about the same number of

A teratogen is:

an environmental agent that can produce a birth defect.

In Piaget's theory, the process of fitting new experiences into existing schemas is called __________. The process of restructuring ideas to make room for new information is called ____________.

assimilation; accommodation

Mary Ainsworth devised the "strange situation" to assess:

attachment.

Jay complains to his father that he does not have enough juice. There is no more juice in the house, so his father takes the juice Jay has in his glass and pours it into a taller, narrower glass. Jay believes that he has more juice because he has not yet developed an understanding of:

conservation.

According to Mary Ainsworth, a child with ambivalent attachment will:

continue to show signs of distress when the mother returns after a brief absence.

Samantha is creating a language development timeline for a class presentation. Along the top of a display board, she writes the following ages in sequence: 2 months> 4 months> 12 months> 18 months. How should she label these ages, from youngest to oldest?

cooing> babbling > first words > telegraphic speech

Mark is a graduate student who is studying identity formation. He interviews a group of 5- year-olds, a group of 10-year-olds, and a group of 15-year-olds, and asks them what they plan to be when they finish school. In this example, Mark is using a __ research design.

cross-sectional

The field of psychology that examines physical, cognitive, and socioemotional changes across the life span is called __________?

developmental psychology

Two weeks after conception, the developing fertilized egg is called _________ a(n):

embryo.

The field of __ explores how the environment affects the expression of genetic attributes.

epigenetics

The longest part of a pregnancy, from the eighth week to birth, is called the _______________period.

fetal

Between the ages of 3 and 6 years, the number of neural connections increases most dramatically in the ______ lobe.

frontal

An individual's ____ is composed of his or her 23 pairs of chromosomes.

genotype

An individual's complete collection of genes is called his or her:

genotype.

The first 2 weeks of a pregnancy, from conception to implantation, are termed the ________ period.

germinal

The outdated term "hermaphrodite" has been replaced by the term:

intersexual .

Dawn is a graduate student investigating the development of fine motor skills. She selects one group of children and assesses their fine motor skills every 6 months over a 2-year period. In this example, Dawn is using a __ research design.

longitudinal

Psychologists use the term __ to refer to the patterns of physical, cognitive, and socioemotional change occurring throughout life.

maturation

Heredity versus environment is another of way of referring to the debate.

nature versus nurture

The number of words young children hear at home is ____ correlated with family income.

positively

Harry Harlow and his colleagues completed a number of studies in which baby macaque monkeys were raised with two artificial surrogate mothers. One of the mothers was made of wire, and the other was made of soft cloth. Either mother could provide food. Harlow found that when the infant monkeys were startled or frightened, they:

preferred the cloth surrogate, even if it provided no food.

Rhonda is currently attending preschool. According to Piaget, Rhonda is in the__________ stage of cognitive development.

preoperational

Baby Hannah automatically turns her head in the direction of a touch on the cheek. This is the ______ reflex; it helps an infant to .

rooting; obtain food

A teacher who pushes children to go just beyond what they are competent and comfortable doing is using:

scaffolding.

Piaget used the word ______ to refer to a collection of ideas that functions as a basic unit of understanding.

schema

Which sequence accurately reflects the order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, from birth through adolescence?

sensorimotor> preoperational > concrete operational > formal operational

Compared with Piaget, Vygotsky placed ________ emphasis on the __________ foundations of cognitive development.more;

social

"All gone milk," says 2-year-old Wesley, placing the empty glass on the table. Wesley's remark exemplifies the language acquisition phenomenon called:

telegraphic speech.

Characteristic differences in behavioral patterns and emotional reactions make up a person's:

temperament.

Critical periods suggest that:

they are a type of sensitive period of development, during which "certain capacities are readily shaped or altered by experience"

According to Erikson, the first stage of a child's psychosocial development is the _____ stage.

trust versus mistrust