GenBio Exam 3 Quizzes

The frequency of allele R in a population is 0.6, and the frequency of allele r in the same population is 0.4. Assuming that mating and fertilization in the population is completely random, what is the probability that a randomly selected offspring in the population will be heterozygous?

0.48

A trait is controlled by a single gene with two alleles, D and d (that confer dark and light respectively to an individuals phenotype. If the frequency of a D allele in the population is 0.4, what must be the frequency of the d allele?

0.6

Remember that, in Mendel's garden peas, the yellow gene determines seed color, with the Y (yellow) allele dominant to the y (green) allele. In a population of 200 plants, the genotype frequencies are 50% YY, 25% Yy, and 25% yy. What are the allele frequencies and Y and y?

0.625 and 0.375

The frequency of allele R in a population is 0.2, and the frequency of allele r in the same population is 0.8. Assuming that mating and fertilization in the population is completely random, what is the probability that a randomly selected offspring in the population will be homozygous recessive?

0.64

A population of 100 pea plants has the following genotype frequencies:60% YY, 25% Yy, 15% yy. What are the allele frequencies of Y and y?

0.725 and 0.275

In the cross AaBbCc × AaBbCc, what is the probability of producing the genotype AABBCC?

1/64

In the cross AaBbCc × AaBbCc, what is the probability of producing the genotype AABBCC? 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/64

1/64

Assuming independent assortment for all gene pairs, what is the probability that the following parents, AABbCc × AaBbCc, will produce an AaBbCc offspring? 1/2 1/16 1/8 9/16

1/8

In Mendel's garden peas, each cell in a pea plant has a total count of: one allele for each gene. two alleles for each gene. one allele for each gene if it is a true-breeding parent and two if it is an F1 offspring. one allele for each gene if it has green seeds and two if it has yellow seeds. between one and four alleles for each gene.

2 alleles per gene

If eight alleles of a gene exist in a population, how many copies will a normal individual have?

2 copies

A population of ground squirrels has an annual per capita birth rate of 0.06 and an annual per capita death rate of 0.02. Calculate an estimate of the total number of individuals added to (or lost from) a population of 1000 individuals in one year.

40 individuals

According to the principle of segregation, a heterozygous plant with alleles Aa will produce: gametes with only the A allele. gametes with only the a allele. 50% of gametes with the A allele and 50% of gametes with the a allele, on average. gametes in the ratio of 3 A alleles:1 a allele. some gametes with the A allele and some with the a allele, but in no predictable ratio.

50% of gametes with the A allele and 50% of gametes with the a allele, on average.

How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual with the genotype AaBbCCDdEE?

8

How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual with the genotype AaBbCCDdEE? 4 8 16 32

8

Plant height is controlled by a gene, H, and H confers tall and is dominant over h which confers short and recessive, and flower colour is controlled by a gene C, with C being dominant and conferring coloured flowers, and c being recessive and conferring white flowers. If a number of pure line tall coloured plants are crossed with a number pure line short white flowered plants, and the F1 generation is selfed, what would you predict should be the numbers of offspring of each phenytype in the F2 generation

9:3:3:1, do normal punnet square bc no hwe again, so do f1 then selfed, then f2 900 colored, 300 tall white, 300 short colored, 90 short white

What is the difference between a gene and an allele? A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA; an allele is an alternate form of a gene. An allele is a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA; a gene is an alternate form of an allele. An allele is a segment of DNA that codes for a gene; a gene is an alternate form of an allele. A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA; an allele refers to all the DNA of an organism.

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA; an allele is an alternate form of a gene.

The fact that all seven of the pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle of independent assortment most probably indicates which of the following? None of the traits obeyed the law of segregation. The diploid number of chromosomes in the pea plants was 7. All of the genes controlling the traits were located on the same chromosome. All of the genes controlling the traits behaved as if they were on different chromosomes.

All of the genes controlling the traits behaved as if they were on different chromosomes.

In the figure, which of the arrows represents the most rapid population growth?

B-middle of graph, highest slope

In the figure, which of the arrows represents the carrying capacity?

C-flat portion

Which statements about K are correct?I)K varies among populations.II)K varies in space.III)K varies in time.IV)K is constant for any given species. only I and III only II and IV only I, II, and III only II, III, and IV only I, II, and IV

I,II,III

In humans, ability to roll the tongue (R) is dominant to being unable to roll (r). Having freckles (F) is dominant to having no freckles (f). A freckled tongue-roller could have which of the following genotypes?

RRFF and RrFf

In humans, ability to roll the tongue (R) is dominant to being unable to roll (r). Having freckles (F) is dominant to having no freckles (f). A freckled tongue-roller could have which of the following genotypes? RRFF RrFf rrFF RRFF and RrFf only all of the answer options are correct

RRFF and RrFf only because need at least one dominant in each trait to appear

Mendel's principle of independent assortment corresponds to which part of meiosis? Random pairing of homologues during prophase I Random alignment of homologues on the metaphase plate during metaphase I Separation of chromosomes in anaphase I Random alignment of homologues on the metaphase plate during metaphase II Separation of daughter chromatids during anaphase II

Random alignment of homologues on the metaphase plate during metaphase I

Mendel's principle of segregation corresponds to what part of meiosis? Condensation of chromosomes in prophase I Alignment of homologues in metaphase I Separation of homologues in anaphase I Alignment of chromosomes in metaphase II Separation of daughter chromatids in anaphase II

Separation of homologues in anaphase I

You observe two female fish of the same species breeding. One female lays 100 eggs and the other female lays 1000 eggs. Which one of the following is LEAST likely given the limits of fitness trade-offs? The female laying 100 eggs breeds more often than the female laying 1000 eggs. The female laying 100 eggs lives longer than the female laying 1000 eggs. The eggs from the female laying 1000 eggs have larger yolks than the yolks of the eggs from the female laying 100 eggs. The female laying 1000 eggs is larger than the female laying 100 eggs.

The eggs from the female laying 1000 eggs have larger yolks than the yolks of the eggs from the female laying 100 eggs. trade off, one is positive, one is negative

As N approaches K for a certain population, which of the following is predicted by the logistic equation?

approaches 0 rather than growth rate not changing, because growth could be changing, but at a constant rate n smaller-closer to 1 growth n larger-closer to negative growth

In the logistic growth curve depicted in Figure 46.5, as time goes on, what value would you expect N to approach? r K S t ΔN

because r=0, so K

As populations approach carrying capacity, crowding can affect: birth rates through resource limitation. death rates through resource limitation. death rates by increasing the transmission of pathogens and parasites. birth and death rates through resource limitation. birth and death rates through resource limitation, and death rates by increasing the transmission of pathogens and parasites.

birth and death because of resource limitation-moms cant provide for kids, and death rates only by pathogens bc fetuses wouldnt be affected at that point

In pea plants flowers are either white or purple; the purple color is produced by pigments called anthocyanins. The production of anthocyanins is a two-step process; the first is controlled by the C gene and the second by the P gene. Both genes must produce functional proteins for anthocyanin to be produced. For each gene, the dominant (C and P) alleles produce functional proteins. Which of the following genotypes will produce white (no pigment) flowers? ccPP CcPP CCpp ccPP and CcPP ccPP and CCpp

ccPP and CCpp - need recessive for each trait because need both to actually appear, so if one doesn't, it won't appear. needs to be homo recessive to appear

In pea plants flowers are either white or purple; the purple color is produced by pigments called anthocyanins. The production of anthocyanins is a two-step process; the first is controlled by the C gene and the second by the P gene. Both genes must produce functional proteins for anthocyanin to be produced. For each gene, the dominant (C and P) alleles produce functional proteins. Which of the following genotypes will produce white (no pigment) flowers?

ccPP or ppCC

Why do populations grow more slowly as they approach their carrying capacity?

density dependent with fewer births and increased mortality

The individual with genotype AaBbCCDdEE can make many kinds of gametes. Which of the following is the major reason? segregation of maternal and paternal alleles recurrent mutations forming new alleles crossing over during prophase I different possible assortment of chromosomes into gametes

diff assortment

The individual with genotype AaBbCCDdEE can make many kinds of gametes. Which of the following is the major reason? segregation of maternal and paternal alleles recurrent mutations forming new alleles crossing over during prophase I different possible assortment of chromosomes into gamete

different assortment, not segregation because not of parents alleles but of homologs during anaphase 1

Which of the following could be a density-independent factor limiting human population growth? Ebola infections earthquakes epidemic of measles famines

earthquakes independent-abiotic like environment dependent-sickness+competition

What is the primary limiting factor that determines why no female animal can produce a very large number of very large eggs?

energy constraint, women have to reproduce and carry

When a population is small relative to its carrying capacity, its growth will be:

exponential-has room to grow

All of the alleles from all of the organisms in a population is referred to as_______________________

gene pool

Recall that the age structure histogram (for humans) of India is shaped like a pyramid (Figure 46.8). What does this tell you about India's population? It is shrinking. It is growing. It is relatively constant. It is currently shrinking, but will increase over the next few years. It is currently growing, but will decrease over the next few years

growing-fat at bottom, small on top if bulge near middle, and less on top-starts to shrink if same width all around-no growth shrinking to increase-big young, small middle, big old

As a population approaches its carrying capacity, how does its growth change? Use Figure 46.5 in your text if you need help. The growth rate slows until N is 0. The growth rate slows until N is close to K. The growth rate slows until N is close to r. The growth rate stays the same. r changes until it is close to K.

growth slows until n is close to k, because then get r=0

An organism that has two different alleles for a given trait is said to be: diploid. heterozygous. homozygous dominant. heterozygous dominant. homozygous recessive.

hetero

A testcross involves crossing with a(n) _________ individual and is used to determine the _________ of the tested parent. homozygous dominant; phenotype homozygous recessive; phenotype homozygous dominant; genotype homozygous recessive; genotype F2 offspring; parental genotype F2 offspring; parental genotype

homozygous recessive; genotype

A K-strategist will typically: produce relatively few offspring. produce relatively large offspring. provide abundant parental care. produce a few relatively large offspring. produce a few relatively large offspring and provide abundant parental care

large offspring and parental care, because wants to keep around the same

An r-strategist will typically: produce many offspring. produce small offspring. provide abundant parental care. produce many small offspring. produce many small offspring and provide abundant parental care.

many small offspring, because doesnt need parental care due to shorter gestational periods

Carrying capacity is ________

maximum sustainable population that a given environment can support

Mendel's principle of independent assortment corresponds to which part of meiosis?

metaphase during metaphase 1

The fact that all seven of the pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle of independent assortment most probably indicates which of the following? None of the traits obeyed the law of segregation. The diploid number of chromosomes in the pea plants was 7. All of the genes controlling the traits were located on the same chromosome. All of the genes controlling the traits behaved as if they were on different chromosomes.

on diff chromosomes for independent assortment bc if same chromosome, cant line up differently

A reproductive cell, or gamete, has: one allele for each gene. two alleles for each gene. one allele for each gene if it is homozygous and two if it is heterozygous. one allele for each gene if it is true-breeding and two if it is an F1 offspring. between one and four alleles for each gene.

one allele for each gene, somatic has two because diploid

To understand past and predict future changes in populations, ecologists use three important factors. These are:

population's birth rate, ability to produce offspring, expected longevity of people

You are examining a human pedigree for a trait. You notice that an offspring can be affected even if neither parent is affected. This immediately tells you that the trait is:

recessive

You are examining a human pedigree for a trait. You notice that an offspring can be affected even if neither parent is affected. This immediately tells you that the trait is: dominant. recessive. epistatic. produced by multiple alleles. incomplete penetrance.

recessive

In cattle, roan coat color (mixed red and white hairs) occurs in the heterozygous (Rr) offspring of red (RR) and white (rr) homozygotes. Which of the following crosses would produce offspring in the ratio of 1 red:2 roan:1 white?

roan roan, normal punnet square because doesnt say hwe

The principle of independent assortment states that: when gametes are formed, the two members of a gene pair will separate equally into gametes. when gametes are formed, the two members of a gene pair assort together in gametes. segregation of one set of alleles of a gene pair assort with the alleles of another gene pair. segregation of one set of alleles of a gene pair assort independently of another gene pair.

segregation of one set of alleles of a gene pair assort independently of another gene pair.

If an individual is homozygous for a certain trait, it means that: it is rare in the population. it is a recessive trait. the individual received the same allele from each parent. it is a dominant trait. None of the answer options is correct.

the individual received the same allele from each parent.

A genotype is: one of several forms of a gene. the particular combination of alleles present in a given organism. the expression of a trait in an individual. the location of a gene on a chromosome. none of these.

the particular combination of alleles present in a given organism

The Hardy Weinberg principle is used to test whether evolution is occurring. What is the entity considered under the principle?

the population

The statement that, in garden peas, yellow seed is dominant to green seed means that: when a true-breeding yellow seed parent is crossed with a true-breeding green seed parent, all offspring will have green seeds. when a true-breeding yellow seed parent is crossed with a true-breeding green seed parent, all offspring will have yellow seeds. when a true-breeding yellow seed parent is crossed with a true-breeding green seed parent, of the offspring will have yellow seeds and will have green seeds. when a true-breeding yellow seed parent is crossed with a true-breeding green seed parent, of the offspring will have yellow seeds and will have green seeds. we can't predict seed color in the offspring of a true-breeding yellow seed parent and a true-breeding green seed parent.

true breeding + true = F1 is identical to dominant trait, F2 is 3:1 ratio of dominant

As mice produce several offspring that do not normally survive into adulthood (and mortality rates are highest during the first few months of life), these animals would exhibit a: Type I survivorship curve. Type II survivorship curve. Type III survivorship curve.

type III