gender and women's studies

chapter 37 "The cult of virginity" by jessica Valentini

-after her first time having sex at 16 she was marked " a sexually active teen" -mother told her that if she kept having sex no one would want to marry her -virginity can proufoundly affect a womans life--> judged to dealth around the moral panic of teenage promiscuity -hanne blank started sex website to answer questions for young people-->and went to harvards medical school library to find answers about the definition of virginity but couldnt find any that werent subjective. (there is no working medical definition) -blank now calls virginity "the state of having not had partnered sex" -most people say sex is penetration (how is virginity measured for gays) -"virgin" is always about a woman IE: in dictionary it talks about an unmarried woman/ saint -male institutions assign value to virginity-->patriarchy and ownership (man wants to make sure a baby is his) -father "gives" daughter in marriage -virgintiy movement is rolling back women's rights -if youve never had sex youre a "good" girl -women defined by what we dont do (sex) and this is seen as morally just--> restraint doesnt equal morality even though we live in a highly sexualized culture -christian group study said: if you had sex before 18 you'd be more likely to be poor and divorced -ex) jessica simpson who was marketed as the sexy virgin -in 1999 miss america had a purity rule where if the woman was divorced or had an abortion she couldnt enter -miss usa of 2006 tara turner was seen going out to nightclubs, partying and drinking and almost had crown taken away but then forgiven by donald trump -fathers want virginty pledges from thier daughters -virginity movement is reiterating something to be bought and sold and owned. sex is taught in school as "dirty" and it shouldnt be condoned, "should save sex for marriage" -virginity voucher is a card that can be found online where you sign your name to remind yourself of your pledge -178 million dollars in federal funding is for abstinence only education -schools tell girls that they are spoiled by sex -girls virginity compared to rose pedals, candy, and used tape... -1980s-> born again virginity: must not masterbate, avoid long hugging, more than a simple kiss is dangerous, dont think about sex, dress appropriately -first and second time virginity pledgers are likely to abandon their comitment and not use contraception -shirts being sold called "virgins are hot" using sex to seel anti sex ideas -abstinence only classes are part of the reason that one in four young american women have an STI -abstinence only classes are also to blame for teenagers drinking bleech to prevent HIV and "a shot of mountain dew will stop pregnancy" -viginity movement is seeking to return to traditional gender roles -idea that women are more capable of controlling sexuality than men. -viginity and moral value must stop being linked

chapter 4: The historical case for feminism- Estelle freedman

-discusses the past two centuries and the revolution that has transformed womens lives -revolution crosses continents, decades, ideologies -during 1990s 90 % of worlds nations elected women to national office and women served as head of state in more than 20 countries - ex) women's movement organizations: "women in law", "development in africa", etc. -TWO RISES OF FEMINISM" capitalism propelled feminism by giving men economic advantages and defined women as their dependents ***Feminism comes from French word: feminisme connotating that womens issues belonged to the idea of change -2ND: political theories and representative gov extended privilages to men only--> rise of feminism -1970- feminism went global -United nations decade for women: 1975 to 1985 (held several conferences) and follow up conference 1995 beijing concluding women deserve full human rights -feminism combined femme and isme-> social movement -humanist vs. feminist -1960's, second wave feminists, bargained for womens equality in work place and womens difference in the arena of sexuality and reproduction -third wave feminists paid more attention to relevant issues such as race, class etc -females of certain races are privilaged and enjoy freedoms that women of other races cannot -2/3 of illiterate are female, 70% in poverty female -multiple news paper claims feminism is dead, and people fear the "radical" term -feminism is sometimes seen as competitive to racial movements -1980 - umbrella usage of term "feminism" took hold in western cultures - women argued not being feminists BUT agreed on equal pay, sexual/reproductive choice, parental leave and political representation -brings up pain of acknowledging lack of privilege, fear of loosing privilege (for men) -myth: anyone in america can succeed,... as if there are no obstacles based on race, class gender *** fight for equal educational, economic and political opportunities continues to present day

chapter 18: transgender rights by riki wilchins

-major movements for gay rights made in 70s and 80s and were followed up by an energetic transgender movement and the conquest of of academia by queer theory in the 90s -gayness and gender brought together to form transgender -groundwork for transgender community was laid by cross dressers -"virginia prince made it possible for two cros dressers to look at eachother in the eye"--> she placed an ad inviting other cross dressers to join her in a hotel room and 12 men showed up -by the 90s there were at leasst one or two cross dressing events per month -in 70s and 80s it was difficult for transgenders to do anything, particularly, find a mate -more than 50,000 transseuxuals at end of 1990s -murder of brandon teena radicalized many trans people and they flew to nebraska to view the case (40 in total) -1996 newspapers began covering transsexual hate crimes, rallys etc -big push to make LGBT a thing -transgender- anyone who crosses gender lines -100,000 transsexuals in US, but there are undoubtedly several million cross dressers who are fathers/ grandfathers of a middle class family -one in seven cases filed on gender harassment is male on male, cross dressers should be a major help to the transgender movement.. but theyre not! They can simply hang up their feminine/masculine clothes in the closet when theiir weekend or convention is over and go back to work like normal -term transgender is mostly common in US -hospitals backed out of sex reassignment and private doctors took it over -transgender now has a heirarchy of its own such as people who dont get surgery or take hormones are seen as beneath others -transsexuals face alot of discrimination incl. legal identity, insurance, child custody, marriage, medicine, sex change laws -FTM transsexuals are sometimes seen as women who have given up on patriarchy and joined the other side- as viewed by feminists and MTF people are merely acting a parody

SECOND READING QUIZ STARTS HERE :):)

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blurred lines: robin thicke

"a feminist movement within itself"-thicke song lyric "That man is not your maker..."

old definition of GWST

"places women's experiences at the centre of inquiry"

"Maybe im not class mobile, maybe im class queer" in feminism for real by Megan lee

- "university works as a mechanism to perpetuate class hierarchy. I was not an ideal candidate to broach the subject, being a poor kid trying to escape lower class social group" -she wanted to speek up about the aspects of class in uni but didnt know if her thoughts were stemmed from resented--> decided to keep quiet -when she decided to speak up, such as in womens classes the topic was dicussed only briefly not meaningfully -To mark myself as different was to raise the issue that class privilege is not merely a social starting-point established at birth, but perpetuated and reconstructed at every moment of our lives. -her mother pushed her to go to school so she would not suffer in poverty as she hhad -doesnt want to internalize classist values that will paint her family as a failure -"I re-read Andrea Smith's piece on white supremacy, which (among other things) talks about rethinking the concept of family as something that unites diverse members with complicated relationships to one another." -my white privilege has significantly affected the academic, social and professional circles that I have been a part of. -Poverty is not simply having no money — it is isolation, vulnerability, humiliation and mistrust. -The fight for accessible education has to be a panoramic fight against poverty — against dehumanization, ghettos, exploitation, and fear. It needs to be the fight for anti-racist collectives and radical immigration reform, and it needs to be the fight against the non-profit industrial complex wherein some organizations, under the guise of anti-oppressive activism, re-enforce the status of the privileged (for they are the educated professionals) and remain invested in the oppression of the poor and racialized (for they are the "clients" who legitimize the non-profit organization.) -universities teach us to not "care too much " because it will undermine our professional role -"I have had that foul taste in my mouth for years, and I have come to the provisional conclusion that it is the taste of injustice — of being forced to choose between the indignity of remaining poor and the ethically repellant strategy of privilege-seeking." -"And most of all, we can identify the role of the university itself, and the way that it sustains class divisions, the way that it functionally excludes people based on their economic status, and the way that it alienates the few who make it through the cracks."

Ghetto b*****, china dolls, cha-cha divas: race beauty and the tyranny of tyra banks- by jennifer l. pozner

- Tyra claim ANTM expands beauty standards, as she herself was the first black solo cover for GQ - of 170 contestants cast by cycle 13, only six have been south asian or east asian -people on the show were racist claiming they were not into guys of their own ethnicity -tyra is an assistant director casting for a type that will appear interesting to the audience -when a black women opened up about her insecurity about her protruding lips tyra responded with "curious george, work it out!" -tyras intellectual development was stunted by fashion and beauty advertisers that shaped her self image, psychology and values -tyra is narcissistic and compassionate, wracked with internalized racism while renouncing the concept of discrimination, concerned with self esteem while profiting from a show that reinforces unhealthy body standards and racial stereotypes

supplement 19: fast facts about sexualization and marketing to girls (lamb et al)

- in 2007 11.5 billion dollars spent on clothing from 7 to 14 year olds -half of six to nine year olds wear lipstick or lipgloss -percentage of eight to twelve year olds who regularly use mascara and eyeliner doubled between 2008 and 2010 -tween girls spend more than 40 million a month on beauty products including nair now scented to attract younger market -written on underwear set for sizes 4 and up: "perfect", "off the hook", Princess, styling, too cool for you, angel, rockin'...... lol ur underwear says all of that

Chapter 30 - "Regulating Native Identity by Gender - Bonita Lawrence

- laws were created that targeted Aboriginal women and held them responsible for the spread of general diseases among the police and officials in western cananda - classified aboriginal women as prostitutes within the criminal code after 1892 (Carter 1997,187) - in legislation 1850, women were removed from inheritance rights/ enfranchised with their husbands - indian women who married men who were not indian were declared "no longer indian" under status - 1951 women lost indian status, band membership, reserve residency, any property and treaty monies/ band assests - formally denied any role in government and voting in any decisions under surrender of the reserve - 1869 legislation goal: remove as many individuals as possible from Indianess - legislation penalized "prostitute women" $100 and 6 months+ in jail - with loss of status, women lost: postsecondary education, day care (free), central mortage and housing corporation, loans and grants, health benefits, were evicted from homes, denied visas etc - 25,000 individuals lost status - Bill C-31 allowed most recent generation who lost status to regain it - said that only indian women who married "non indian men" were discriminated against - names: "mixed blood, mixed breeds"

"still needing the F word" Anna Quinlen

- people believe we've moved onto a post feminist era, and that the issues have been settled - girls expected to hide their intelligence in order to succeed with their male peers, do workout regime and eat healthily -"important thing for a girl is being popular" -"Once they obsessed about being the perfect homemaker and meeting the standards of their male counterparts. Now they also obsess about being the perfect professional and meeting the standards of their male counterparts" -less sense of belonging for women in male-dominated practices such as sciences -1/4 females reported inappropriate discussions related to gender -Californians were willing to ignore Arnold Schwarzenegger's alleged career as a serial sexual bigot, despite a total of 16 women coming forward to say he thought nothing of reaching up your skirt or into your blouse.

supplement 11, racism in canada by vancouver status of women

-1608- french introduce blacks into slavery -1709- proclomation makes slavery legal in french canada -1763- europeans kill indigenous people with smallpox by giving out smallpx infected blankets to obtain native land, france cedes canada to britain whci strengthens slavery -1876- indian act, eradicate indian culture 1885-chinese head tax -1942- closes doors to jewish people fleeing from hitler

Women's Brain's by Stephen Gould

-1872 the leaders of european anthropometry (measurement of the human body) were trying to measure the inferiority of sexes, classes, races -paul brocca was dedicated to real facts -Crainometry (measurement of the skull) prevelant in 19th century--> created by Paul Broca -BROCA arugued: women had smaller brains than men and "could not equal them in intelligence" -Broca's argument rested on : larger brains of men and a supposed increase in male superiority through time -Topinard argued that mens larger brain was because of their stress in the everyday world and fight for exsistence/ had to care for wife while she remained in the home -Le Bon concluded women's brains were closer to that of an ape/ savage / child than they were to a mans "full developed brain".... thanks Le Bon :):) -Le Bon also argued the sacred ties of family would disappear if women entered the work force -Broca's experiement was only on 7 males and 6 females -Other factors like height and age play a role in brain weight which brocca didnt account for- the men were taller, females older. also, diseases play a factor and muscular mass (when this was compensated for, womens brains were larger) -"black mens brains are heavier than white women's" -Maria Montessori suppoted Manouverier's data concluding that women has slightly larger brains than men and were intellectually superior -Biological labeling is truly unnecessary

duelling dualisms- anne fausto- sterling

-1998 olympics maria patino went to compete in hurdling, took a sex test that tested positive for Y chromosome and she could not longer compete. even though she looked like a female she had no ovaries/ uterus and wasnt allowed to race. -publicity made fun of her--> she was highly enraged and embarrassed -condition called "adrogen insensitivity" -her testes within produced estorgen and testosterone (but her cells were immune to testosterone) -she eventually won the case with the IAAF and she was reinstated on the spanish olympic squad in 1992 -before 1968 women had to be examined naked infront of a board to confirm they were female to compete in the olympics -sex and gender distinction made by second wave feminists in 1970s (original idea posed by sexologists in 1972 john money and anke ehrhardt) -sex is not a pure physical category -feminists view the body as bare scaffolding that culture can mold/ create -we have two sexes to maintain rigid boundaries of men and women, anything inbetween would blur the lines -developmental systems theories deny that there are funadamentally two kinds of processes: one gided by genes, hormones, and brain cells (nature) the other by environment, experience, leaning, social forces (nurture)--> gives less guidance on fundamental truth -DST claimed a goat with two legs developed as part of its manner of walking- no genes or environment influenced this - in scientific conversations, nature and sex are thought to be real and gender and culture and seen as constructed--false dichotomies

chapter five: intersectional feminist frameworks (IFFS): A primer. Canadian research institute for the advancement of women (CRIAW) - provides tools/resources to support researchers and organizations in female equality

-2.4 million women live in poverty in canada -women minorities/ single mothers/ mothers with diability have higher chance of poverty - poverty is intensifying for those living closest to societal margins - 38% of families headed by a mother had lower wages than after tax low income cut offs. whereas males had on 13% -IFFS (intersectional feminist frameworks) bring together the visions, directions, and goals of women from different perspectives. -IFFS try to look at womens lives in hollistic ways to make policies and integrating world knowledge *IFFs are always changing and continuously negotiated -migrating women may face difficulty attending english/ french training programs, isolation, unaffordable child care, unemployment, lack of access to social support - live in workers may appear to have advantages such as: support of migrant women, sympathy to poor women, helpful to privilaged women who require extensive child care but in reality.... these migrants are vulnerable to unpaid overtime, limited social ties, no access to training programs, fearfulness of reporting violation -IFFS are about dealing with poverty and social systems that crush the poor, having acces to culture, being a part of a community, living in good housing, being accepted, having access to healthcare, education, welfare services

Ch 8 - reality check: women in canada and the Beijing declaration and platform for action 15 years on - Canadian Feminist Alliance for International Action (FAFIA) and Canadian Labour Congress (CLC)

-2004--> 2009 MUCH less support from canadian gov for the rights of women and girls -closed 12 of 16 status of women offices -cut funding for childcare and early learning programs -from 2004--> 2009, womens progress in all 12 areas of critical concern outlined at the beijing conference have slowed or been turned back -canada critized for violence against aboriginal women and womens poverty -critical areas of concern: --> Women and poverty- increased burden on food banks and non government funded agencies, poverty in uneven among women of different races/ (dis)ability i.e.: 36% of aboriginal women are homeless -->women and education: despite the fact that women make up more than 50% enrolment in Uni, women with PHD's make 79 cents on every dollar compared with men -->huge social problem, unevean against women in different social categories i.e.) disappearance and murder of aboriginal women, very high rates of of violence in northern communities b/c of isolation and legacy of residential schools -->women and the economy: occupational segregation by gender. Jobs where women predominate are lower paid. men- blue collar (industrial), white collar (managerial, professional) women pink collar (clerical, administrative) Women and politics: women = 50% of canadian population but only 22% of parliament = women

Invisible women online article: Joseph Amon

-At least 10 percent of the world's population is believed to live with a disability. Of those, let's say that half 340 million - are women. That's roughly the size of the entire population of the US and Canada combined. -issues facing women with disabilities: forced sterilization, domestic violence and sexual assault. Women and girls with disabilities - whether physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory - are often hidden in their homes, denied the right to be married, to attend school or get a job. They receive inadequate reproductive and sexual health care, and often lack access to information on birth control or HIV/AIDS. -facing "double discrimination": both resulting from their disability and from their status as a woman. -IE: health care worker who does not think it's necessary to provide HIV counseling to a young woman in a wheelchair because of the belief that she would not be involved in a sexual relationship. -discrimination within families isolates women with disabilities because they are believed to bring shame to their family -This stigma impacts the ability of women and girls with disabilities to exercise their rights, to integrate into the community, and to become self-sufficient -few statistics are collected that describe their numbers, and decision-making bodies in both the public and private sectors rarely include them -This makes it difficult to identify the key challenges women with disabilities face, or to advocate for targeted programs to address those challenges. Even when data about disability are collected, these figures are often not disaggregated by gender -Until recently, women and girls with disabilities have largely been invisible even within the disability movement and women's movement. The issues facing women with disabilities have not been priorities for either community. But that is starting to change. -The new UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, ratified now by 80 countries, provides for special protections for women and girls with disabilities. The Convention includes attention to the right to sexual and reproductive health, the right to be married and have a family, and the right to be free from violence. -Women with disabilities are becoming empowered to speak out for themselves and to urge both the disability and women's movements to hear their concerns - Places where women's voices with disability can be heard: WomenWatch International Disability Alliance Women with Disabilities Australia (WWDA) Disabled Women's Network Canada (DAWN) Mobility International USA European Network of Women with Disabilities Association of Handicapped Women of Mali

a fabulous child's story-Lois gould

-Baby X was born, and no body could tell if it was a boy/ girl -the parents knew but didnt tell anyone -scientists set up a number of tests for baby x's parents, ensuring they were a right fit and not a couple that wanted a girl/boy -joneses brought baby home, promised to never hire babysitter (who could tell the sex of the child) -"official insturction manual" told the parents how to dealwith baby X- like to bounce it around like a boy and kiss it like a girl -became more difficult when X was enrolled in school IE: girl/ boy bathrooms -X began to have an effect on the other children and they started to wear overalls, and football players began to play with girl toys -parents were angry because "X" was confusing other children -X had to be tested by a psychiatrist to see if it was a boy/ girl -psychiatrist stated X was the least mixed up child he had examined, X was a girl and this was discovered after insisting on the name "Y" for a baby she was playing with in her backyard when her friends came over

Theresa Lightfoot "so what if we didnt call it feminism" in feminism for real, edited by Jessica eye

-Feminism was seen as something upper middle class, non native women talked about -reproductive rights and equal pay are discussed but not aboriginal women's fight for linguistic survival -feminist issues within aboriginal community deemed as aboriginal issues, even when they correspond to feminism -"colonialsim is too broad to combine with feminist issues" -feminism exists outside of academia, it is alive in indigenous communites -colonialism has forced natives to put attention on survival, but feminism has always been present

excerpts from feminism is for everybody- bell hooks

-assumption that femisists are men hating and trying to take all of their jobs -"feminism is the movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression." -females can be just as sexist as men -men are concerned of loosing patriarchy even though some do not like the role -should share household chores and have equal pay -christians believe women should be subordinate to men -"class and feminism" by diana press--> emphasized that women could only become part of a feminist sisterhood if issues of sex class and race were ammended between the women -black feminists not well recongised because of race -political movement is loosing momentum b/c feminism has lost its true definition

supplement 9- defining genitals by kate haas

-between 1.7 and 4% of world population is born intersex with primary and secondary sex characteristics that are not female nor male -most common solution : surgery as a baby to make them a clear sex -every day in the US 5 children are subjected to genital reconstruction surgery that may leave them with permanent physical and emotional scars -intersex community tries to educate doctors but they are not willing to accept differences in genital size and shape that depart from the norm -physicians determine appropriateness of genitals by size -clitoris should be the size of a pea or a small bean -a clitoris should not be bigger than .9cm or 3/8 of an inch -infant penises should be 2.5 cm or bigger--> if it is too small they may be reassigned female -there is an intermediate area between .9 cm and 2.5 cm deemed unacceptable

Supplement 8- Wheres the rulebook for sex verification? by alice dreger

-caster semenya will live her life under a cloud of suspicion after track and felds governing body announced they were investigating her sex -IAAF determines sex using geneticist, endocrinologist, gynaecologist, and psychologist -SRY gene is on a Y chromosome and it usually makes a fetus grow to be male, but can also show up on anX turning XX fetus into male. if the SRY gene doesnt work on male, it will be female. -even XY fetus with functiong SRY can develop female -androgen insensitivity sndrome - the ability of cells to detect androgens is lacking and woman has female body parts but have no body hair -should women with androgen insensitivity compete with men because they have a Y chromosome? NO -Matthew, a perfectly normal male discovered he has a uterus and ovaries but he just had intense androgen production that made him male. called congenital adrenal hyperplasia. he has twoX chromosomes -men and women make same hormones but in different quantities -men typically have higher androgens but women athletes also have high androgens--> this is why they have succeeded in sports -high levels of androgen can also produce a flat chest, bigger clitoris, and boyish appearance -shouldnt consider this an unfair advantage, how is being taller from another women any different than having higher levels of androgens in terms of "unfairness" -sex is messy--> many different factors -athletes should be allowed to find out their sex in privacy of doctors office before publicly competing

supplement 40: RebELLEs manifesto of the pan-canadian young feminist gathering

-celebrate and integrate diversity of feminism -committed to an ongoing process of self reflection to transform and inform the movement -acknowledge the "Otherhoodd" of the racialized in the past of feminism -support the right to self identity and integrate transgender and two spirit and intersex into the movement -abortion services still insufficient esp. in marginalized, northern, remote, rural locations -capitalism exploits working class women -rape is still used as a war weapon -free trade contributes to women's increasing social, economic, and cultural insecurity -there will be post-feminism when there is post-patriarchy -against femicide: the killing of women just because they are women -Wish to rise against capitalism, gender binary system, patriarchy, the portrayals of women in the media, legacy of colonialism, forced sterilization, rape, sexism, heteronormativity.... etc

chapter 19- becoming 100 percent straight by michael messier

-commonly ask "how do people become gay" but never focus on the heterosexual norm -Messner formed a group of men (three heterosexual, 2 gay) to explore earlier childhood and their productions and performances of gender -called this "memory work" named by german group of feminist women who developed it -subjective aspect of social life is the key in this research -messner spoke about his infatuation with a boy named timmy on his junior basketball team and how he treated him like a crush. he later began to resent/ hate him when they played together on their junior basketball team and then senior team. he would take out his aggression on him -large numbers of adult heterosexual men, as young adolescents, had experienced desire for other males AND a large number had experienced sexual contact to the point of orgasm -freud claims all people go through a stage where there are attracted to people of the same sex -thomas wadel started "gay games" after being in 1968 olympics for gymnastics--> he came out of the closet. -in early life he played football and ran track and feild to hide his gayness -athletic institution constucts narrow definitions of masculinity -"acting" to regulate other peoples perceptions, both stories involve homoerotic attraction that is repressed -each of them was "doing heterosexuality" but neither of them were confident in this, they were merely acting to appease their peers and society -heterosexuality is a constructed identity, a performance, and an institution that is not necessarily linked to sexual acts -tried to avoid social stigma or ostracism if they were suspected of being gay and link themselves to systems of power and "real men" -men playing sports are almost always deemed masculine, whereas girls playing sports are questioned about their sexual orientation -sport is institutionalized heterosexuality and masculinity

Chapter 42: Body Beautiful/ Body Perfect: Where do women with disabilities fit in? By francine Odette

-exploring link between fat oppression and women with disabilities -Not much research has been conducted on this -Odette has spoken w/ multiple women that have hearing disorders, deafness, mobility issues, and visual impairments -life experiences and fears are very similar to able bodied women -thinness equated with health and success -taught this at an early age: to be aware of our body shape -women who dont fit into norms IE: heterosexuality, able bodiedness, racial background are often isolated -the messages in the media depict a desirable appearance, and the further you are from this norm, the more you will suffer -May experience greater need to have control over our bodies by restrictive eating/ exercing or going to the medical "experts" -women w/ disabilities continuously hear from friends and family the activities of "normal" women which they cannot participate in --> lack of physical attractiveness hampers ability to be intimate (not true). this leads to eating problems, and body image dissatisfaction -try to compensate for disabilities by getting as close to the norm as possible -health and comfort may be scarificed by dieting, plucking, shaving, cutting and constricting -womens bodies are objectified for mens pleasure and domination -womens perceptions of themselves= distorted -norms are defined by dominant culture (socially and economically defined by those in power- heterosexual, white, able-bodied men) -disabled bodies are objectified by medical process--> groups of male doctors often "professionally" engage in watching routines such as disabled people dressing themselves and this is seen as great training for new doctors w/o consent -some people have been asked to strip/ walk back and forth for a better look at what the problem is/ pictures taken for future doctor training with out our say -women with disabilities have problems being identified as female -living on the margins of society -must reclaim what has traditionally been viewed as negative and embrace differences--> exciting opportunities for change

"Im not your princess"- Chrystos

-grew up with a father who was ashamed of their culture/ past -referred to as "urban indians" by the government in San Fransisco -their practices, rituals and stories have been stolen -current problems: forced sterilization, hunger, plague of alcohol and drugs, infant mortality, treaty violations, ridiculous jail terms, denial of civil rights, radiation poisoning, land theft, legal battles, corrupt "tribal governments, harassment and death at the hands of the FBI -"im not your princess" highlights struggles of a female native woman who is afraid to sleep at night, who has a house to clean and work to do. she will not chant for you or practice spirituality. She will burn the next flyer you give her for feminist counselling--> she is fed up and seeing no change

intersectionality and feminism by Anna Carastathis

-intersectionality is a language for identity forged through systematic social relations of oppression and privilege. -"intersectionality" comes out of a metaphor coined by the critical legal theorist Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw to explain how race oppression and gender oppression interact in Black women's lives. -Crenshaw concluded that discrimination against Black women in the workplace - as Black women - was invisible to legal concepts of discrimination that saw it in terms of "gender" only or in terms of "race" only -feminism became dominated by white upper class women who retained identifications with men and white male power. -white women weren't willing to give up on the small privileges they gained through loyalty to white men and to whiteness in order to work for the liberation of all women -white women fought for one abortion and proper contraception but didnt account for the black/ aboriginal women who were being forced into sterilization -Privileged white feminists fought for increased access to professional jobs that were male dominated, ignoring the fact that women of colour, immigrant women, and working class white women were being overworked, often in places far away from their families, just to survive and support their children -- sometimes in white feminists' homes, cleaning their floors and caring for their children. -fought to get more women members of parliament (MPs) in Canada, or more Supreme Court judges. In the current parliament, only about 21% of MPs are women. Fewer still, about 6%, are people of colour. Even fewer 1.9% (or, six MPs) identify as Indigenous people even though this was originally their land -not until 1963 that voting wasn't restricted by race -We all have intersectional identities that are shaped through systems of power relations, and through experiences of oppression. -"I am not free while any woman is unfree, even when her shackles are very different from my own" - that I am not free as long as any oppressed person remains chained. -Intersectionality helps us to understand how gender, class, race, and other factors in our experience fit together -as feminists we need to be antiracists, we need to oppose colonialism (starting with internal colonialism in Canada and the US of First Nations), imperialism and corporate globalization, and to defend the rights of workers to determine the conditions of their labour. -Intersectionality helps us to understand how gender, class, race, and other factors in our experience fit together

Freaks and Queers- Eli Clare (chapter 15)

-mid 1800's to 1900s- freaks were big entertainment and business. Freak shows populated US and people flocked to circus and carnival. came to gawk at the freaks, savages, and geeks. --> came to be educated and entertained -disabled people both colored and white became armless wonders, giants, midgets, pinheads etc. -nondisabled people of colour became cannibals and savages (were kidnapped and forced into circus) -nondisabled people from US became natives from the exotic wilds -nondisabled people with visible differences IE: bearded/ fat women became wondrous exhibits -"rubes" were the people who ogled at the performers-- the audience -the freak show constructed an exaggerated divide between normal and "other" sustained by rubes willing to pay good money to stare -many of the freaks did not live completely as victims, the people originally from the US who were not cognitively disabled, helped to construct their own acts, working with their managers--> a select few even became rich -all people who profited from freak show, used ableism and racism their benefit. this oppression by non disabled, white businessmen is fraught and unacceptable -rubes would believe anything, they were very gullible. Sometimes they would be pick pocketed, or just manipulated to steal their money--> but they were not the victim. the freak show bolstered white and nondisabled peoples sense of superiority and well-being -disabled people had limited options in 1800s- they could beg in the streets, survive in almshouse (where they were locked in cages), or live behind closed doors with their families--> many entered circus -working as a freak is similar to working as a prostitute: lousy job, only job available, hostile and racist world -many peoples autobiographies from the circus were thrown away, like other marginalized people. some didnt read or write, didnt speak english, or because of a physical disability couldnt read or write -many races stereotyped: Blacks have flat noses, big lips, puffy/ curly hair -many groups marginalized: microcephalics (people with a type of cognitive disability medically known as microphalia) represent an earlier developmental state of human being... one of the milestones the human passed by in historical evolution -before medical intervention in the 1930/ 40s, christian groups had explanations for disability: disabled people had sinned, lacked moral strength, were the spawn of the devil, product of gods will, their bodies/ minds reflected events that happened during mothers pregnancy -handbills handed out at the circus often explained the persons "freakishness" -president mckinney claimed to "civilize" the philippines after gaining imperial power over this land -freak show gave fuel to imperialism, domestic race politics, and cultural beliefs about wild savages and white superiority -decline of freakshow in early 20th century coincided with medical discovery on disability. the mystery of disability disappeared. -many people who had been in the freakshows hated doctors more than their line of work- they were proded and poked against their will -for most people that were disabled, colored and white, the end of the freakshow ended their employment--> as guaranteed by rosevelts work (stamped work applications PH physically handicapped, unemployable) -there was a transition from freak show to doctors office, curiosity to pity and entertainment to pathology -public stripping of disabled children in front of a board of white male doctors in order to assess what is wrong with a patient is immoral- especially with video taping this for future generations of doctors--> whats the difference between the freakshow and public stripping? -disabled people as a group have 71 percent unemployment and make 64 cents on every dollar that a nondisabled person makes -ADAPT and not dead yet are groups that disrupt nursing home industry conventions, blockade non accessible public transit, and occupy the spaces of politicians commited to the status quo -disability rights movements founded in the same storm of social change as womens liberation and gay/ lesbian liberation, riding on the energy and framework created by black civil rights movement, -it is undoing oppression, making community, creating a culture and sense of identity and organizing change to the status quo -disabled people face: homelessness, unemployment, poverty, segregated/ substandard education, subject to nursing homes, violence from caregivers, lack of access -the author is disabled and had a tough upbringing although he was allowed to go to school because of connections to principal/ grade one teacher. he had shaky hands and slurred speech--> called CP -mary, a girl also with a disability, hated Eli (author) because of frustration. Mary was deaf and learned by reading lips but couldnt read elis -people from marginalized communities including disabled people have internal tensions and hostilities -disabled people with to end their oppression and shatter their self-hatred, shame, silence, and isolation

Undoing the "package picture" of cultures by uma narayan

-need to recognize white privilages white women have over black women -focus on culture of women that are "homogeneous" but really there are many differences among cultures -western culture is always seen as superior to other cultures -"package picture of cultures"--> this view understand cultures on the model of neatly wrapped packages, sealed off from eachother, having distinctive contents different from other cultures. -there are sharp differences within cultures that feminists need to recognise

poverty, homelessness, and social welfare in canada by ann duffy and nancy mandell

-overlooked in canadian society -poverty especially in canadian women and children -in march 2008, 704,414 canadians used a foodbank at least once, and the usage of food banks has increased 6 percent since 1997 -foodbanks citizens incl. students, seniors, families, workers and people on welfare -nearly 1/4 foodbank client is a child -1/2 of foodbank users are on welfare -200,000 to 300,000 canadians = homeless for at least part of the year -"low income cutoffs --> LICO's" based on idea that poor families must spend 20 % more than average family of similar size on necessities of food, shelter,clothing -lico depends on location, where is living more expensive? -1.7 million canadians on welfare -poverty fate fell betwenn 2000 and 2006 because of economic growth -"feminization of poverty"--> women are more likely to slip into poverty b/c of inequalities in labour force, family law issues, and marriage breakdown. -women often take time off of work to car for children/ never return to work inhibiting their economic stability -after divorce or death of husband, womens income drops by 15 percent while in same situation mens increases by 6% -percentage of canadians living below "LICO" dropped between 1980 and 2006 but the richest 1/5 of candians are getting richer--> widening age gap -canada is 18th out of 30 industrialized countries in terms of income inequality--> compared to states who is 27th.. yikes -homeless are more likely to face disease i.e.: stds or infections -poor homes have less access to nutriton and adequate study room -social policies must be created to reduce the number of poor people

chapter 39- queer girls and transformation of social exclusion by marina gonick

-queer girls comprised a category or wide range of racialized, ethnic, class and linguistic backgrounds with our without disabilites (intersectionality) -may occupy position of privilage -white people generally have an easier time coming out of the closet than people of colour--> who associate it with whiteness -queer youth experience sexual violence, also subject to intersectionality IE: loose black woman -"butch" lesbians are punished more in school than feminine ones -sometimes raped--> trying to discover their genital parts--> downplayed by adults "boys will be boys" -article mainly focuses on the consequences of living outside of the normative sex/ gender categories -queer youth in social services recieve less attention and are noted as "difficult", separated from sibling, experience violence, have multiple placements--> refuse to call transsexuals by their new names -canada has one of the highest youth suicides in the world, and indigenous canadians have highest suicide rate of any group in the world -queer youth = 6 times more likely to commit suicide -programs designed for "at risk" youth try to enhance the individuals choice making or problem management skills--> sometimes marginalizes this group and hides the fact that there are structural barriers such as discrimination that dont allow them to succeed in the job market, so they end up on the streets -"at risk" reinforces the idea that "gay" is a "problem" -queer people experience: cognitive isolation (queer people are exempt of histories), social isolation (social rejection), emotional isolation (being open about sexuality is seen as hostile but being closed is seen as anti social), aesthetic isolation (try to appear heterosexual even though they are queer) -queer youth of colour are more likely to report teachers harassment -incredible resistance to including queer content in schools--> deliberately prohibit these books in libraries -surrey school board wanted to ban gay/lesbian books from schools which was started by a group of conservative parents--> the conservative citizens research institute (it was overturned) -gay straight alliance eventually allowed in texas after an ongoing battle with the school board but there were strict implications of their meetings due to the abstinence only education--> shaped by christian fundamentalism -40 percent of homeless young people in the US major cities are gay--> could have been kicked out from their homes -often end up being sqeegee kids to make money -queer people in the media are almost always white, middle class, able bodied, urban and wealthy IE: will and grace -critical race theory explodes the notion of colour blindness or race neutrality -queer girls have been a driving force for many political and cultural changes by associating a queer identity with positive and powerful meanings so they may be lived that way -gay straight alliance groups provide peer support, issues related to sexuality and gender, and work towards a more inclusive social environment -NAGLY encourages pride in being gay and posts pictures around there school and has a gay pride multicoloured flag in a showcase at the front of the school -these pro-gay groups are not welcomed everywhere such as in california and utah which produced a battle (the states were in violation of the federal equal access act) -queer girls have challenged heteronormative practices such as the school prom and they have brought girls as their dates -many are activists outside of schools IE: comissions on gay and lesbian youth set up by governors -queer girls excluded from category "girl", from institutions including schools, from media and public spaces -experience alot of violence -public school systems, legal systems, the media, and social services allow this oppression to continue and sometimes facilitate it -they've been very resilient, they would make organizations when there were none to join, they work together to create change in schools families and communities -refused to be rendered invisible and refused negative stereotypes -worked to to produce positive self identification and representations and to create the social conditions that will open up new possibilities for living life as queer people

1949: Simone de beauvoir said men and women were equal but different... how?

-reproductive rights (BC pills, abortion) -childcare (women stuck in the home) -sexuality (marital rape, lesbians) -violence against women -health "our bodies, ourselves" -work (striving for equality)

Introduction beyond the natural body by Nelly Oudshoorn

-second wave feminists were concerned with the female body-->thought biological determinism had to be rejected -Nature does not determine terms such as woman, body femininity, nor does their biological sex(even though this is what were lead to believe)--> society does! -perceptions and and interpretations of the body are mediated through language by biomedical science -scientific facts are not objectively constructed, but collectively created -scientists actively construct reality instead of discovering it -in earlier times, male and female bodies were not conceptualized in terms of difference -Ancient greeks described male and female bodies as fundamentally similar -same genitals "womens are inside, mens are outside" -Thomas Laquer- "one sex model" - the female body was understood as a male turned inside herself -ovary once called female testicle -Vesulias- "sex is only skin deep limited to differences that outline the body and the organs of reproduction" -In 18th century, anatomists started focusing on differences between male and female structures -depictions of female skulls were used to show that men were more intelligent -By the 19th century, only the eye seems to have no sex as compared to bones, cells, hair...etc -uterus was first seen as the centre of femininity and then shifted to the ovaries -the place in the body where the "essence of femininity was located became the object of surgical operations -the ovaires perceived as the "organs of crises" were removed from many women in europe and the US for the treatment of menstrual irregularities and various neuroses -in 20th century the "essence" of feminism morphed into the horomones of the female body -Now it is one of the ways society thinks about sexed difference -many charactersistis/ types of behaviour have been associated with women because of particular horomones -estrogen and progesterone didnt exist in the 19th century and they are now used around the globe -concept of hormones coined in 1905 and it took 2 decades before pharmaceutical companies began the mass production of hormones -cultural stereotypes play a major role in shaping scientific theories vesulias believed all other organs not including organs of reproduction, could be interchanged between sexes -skeleton was the first part of the body to become sexualized --> every muscle, vein and organ attached to and moulded by the skeleton

GWST critically analyzes categories of social difference:

-sex: male/female -gender: men, women, transgender, gender queer -sexuality: hetero-, homo-, queer, LGBT -race, racialization, whiteness -disability -economic class

miley cryrus mtv vmas

-she has literal use of black women as props -encourages stereotype that black women are uncontrollably sexualized -"minstrelsy"- perfoming "blackness" by a white woman -those cultures are appropriated do not get credit

The egg and the sperm by emily martin

-shes an anthropolgist-->looking at how culture shapes how biological scientists describe what they discover in the natural world -differences among men and women due to biological proccesses IE: egg and sperm -medical textbooks refer to the mentrual cycle as a means of ridding debris from the body--> implying it has no use and is simply scrap -female is contrasted to male who make millions of sperm each day but the woman only sheds one gamete each month -women are born with all thier follicles and no new ones are produced-> not as intgiruiging as generation of sperm -"during 40 years of female reproducitve years only 400-500 eggs will have been released and the rest degenerate (seen as wasteful) but the excess of male sperm is not seen as wasteful.. -even egg and sperm have connotations the egg is "sweft along the fallopian tubes" while the sperm is quick, active and penetrates the egg -cybernetic imagery is not neutral (portrays the sperm as superior while they are truely on a level playing feild) -waking up sexist metaphors rob them of their power and neutralize social conventions about gender

The feminist existential crisis by Latoya Peterson in "feminism for real"

-thinking about gender, equality and access creates a feminist.. right? -she already carries class and race parcels, and feminism is a heavy load to take on -in her childhood picked up book at library called manifesta: young women, feminism and the future with no intention of being a feminist -she read, wrote, blogged, became known as a feminist and asked to speak on talk shows -she fell out of love with feminism and questioned what she was doing talking to college degree white women instead of people with her background, facing some hard decisions -felt alienated from feminist movement after 3 years of talking about gender issues -wanted to devote her mental space somewhere else

if men could menstruate: a political fantasy- gloria steinem

-world has spent centuries telling us that white skin is better -males have built whole cultures on the idea that women have "penis envy" but men are vulnerable with an unprotected organ and maybe they have womb envy -if men could menstruate it would become braggable about how long and how much -congress would fund a national institute of dysmenorrhea to help stamp out monthly discomforts -sanitary samples would be free and federally funded -men would convince women that sex was more pleasurable at "that time of the month" -women would agree with all of these statements because men are "superior" -women would pretend to have a monthly cycle -if men could menstruate the power justifications could go on forever

The secret of slavery in Canada by Afua Cooper

Canada, too, enslaved people for 206 years even though it was commonly known as the "freedom land" -enslaved aboriginals but found them too "weak" and prone to disease so they decided to omport black people from africa -both french and english canadians had slaves -Its possible to complete a graduate degree in canadian studies without knowing about Canadian slavery -slavery: "a robbery of one's freedom and labour by another, usually more powerful person." -enslaved blacks brought into french colony in 1689 with approval of the king and later royal consent was given in 1701 -natives captured blacks from south and sold them to canadains -under the "code noir" slaves were movable -black slavery in canada was patriarchal--> male slaveholder was the head of the extended family -slavery in canada was different from the US: their jobs were from rat catcher to hangman but most worked in houses as servants, farm laborers, or skilled occupations. -even church had slaves -montreal= capital of slavery - after seven years wae between britain and france, britain won and became the biggest power in the world--> inc. slave trade -slaves ran into sympathetic natives homes, or disappear into froteir communities escaping called marronage - slave price depended on health, sex, age, apptitude -white men often raped black women and the children were considered slaves -petit marronge- breifly running away like peggy the slave -some slave holders incl. slaves in will -in mid to late eighteenth century there were free blacck communities in british north america -in 1773, bill published by Simcoe to prevent further introduction of slaves and to limit the term contracts for servitude within this province -1787 nw territpry published ordinance prohibiting slavery -in 1834--> slavery abolished in all british territories

supplement 10: ten things everyone should know about race by Robin D.G. Kelley

Race is a modern idea (ancient civilizations didnt divide people according to physical distinctions), race has no genetic basis, human subspecies dont exist (not isolated enough to evolve into various subspecies), skin colour is really only skin deep (these genes are only for skin clour, not hair, eyebrows, intelligence, or athleticism),most vaiation is within not between races, slavery predates race, race and freedom evolved together , race justified social inequalities as natural, race isnt biological , colourblindness will not end racism (need to remedy social policies and institutional practices that enable certain people over others)

sex = gender? supplement 7

english language difference between sex and gender was developed in the 50s and 60s b/c medical personnel were working with intersex and transsexual patients -used to argue "biology is destiny" line -gender is based on culture--> vaires accross cultures -sex is based on biology even though there are many intersex people IE: males with ***** (it is also a social construct) -more than two possible body types

hip hop feminisms

examines how black womanhood is policed in pop culture

feminist sterotypes

fat, ugly, hairy, lesbians :) --> reason for sterotypes? men dont want to give up head of household, people recieve interpretation that women are trying to become more powerful than men

indigenous vs. feminism

feminism issues within indigenous community are sometimes deemed as indigenous issues

supplement 15- The heterosexual questionnaire by martin rochlin

gives a number of questions regarding heterosexuality as if it was to be the social norm that is straightness ex) what caused your heterosexuality? when did you decide to be heterosexual? is heterosexuality a phase? why do you flaunt heterosexuality have you slept with someone of the same sex? -molestors are heterosexual most of the time.. do you feel comfortable sending your kid to school with a heterosexual teacher? why are so few heterosexual relationships stable? -lesbians have fewest sexually transmitted diseases -lesbains/ gay people stop overpopulation of the world -have you considered aversion therapy? switching to homosexuality

supplement 16: activist insight: homophobia and heterosexism

heterosexism: the belief in the inherent superiority of one pattern of loving and thereby its right to dominance.--> it is the systematic display of of homophobia in the institutions of society homophobia: the fear of feelings of love for members of one's own sex and therefore the hatred of those feelings in others. -heterosexism and homophobia work together to enforce compulsory heterosexuality and patriarchal power, reinforced by the nuclear family. --> the work of women for their liberation, control over body will damage nuclear family. -personal homophobia: prejudice based on personal belief that lesbain, gay, bisexual people are sick and immoral. and that they're inferior to heterosexuals. These people feel fear, discomfort or hatred towards homosexuals. When this happens with gay, lesbain or bisexual people its called internalized homophobia -interpersonal homophobia: individual behavior based on homophobia. Hatred or dislike by telling jokes, name calling, verbal/physical harassment. people can be assaulted, some people act this out by shunning relatives who are gay, shunning co workers, and not listening to gay friend's homoseuxal relationship problems. -institutuional homophobia: gov, businesses, churches and other institutions dicriminate against people who are gay. Also called heterosexism** ex) religious groups against homo-, agencies who refuse to accomodate them, gov policies that discriminate against them --> like not being allowed to marry -cultural homophobia: social standards and norms which dicatate that being heterosexual is better than being gay and that everyone should be heterosexual. ** also called heterosexism ex) tv shows, commercials usually only display straight people. If they do show someone gay, it is sterotyped, unhaapy and engaged in self destructive behaviours -1st must acknowledge that your homophobic and then change you behaviours -identify homophobia (as the problem to be addressed- talk about it with friends and irradicate homophobic jokes) -think about similarities between homophobia and other oppressions. -->racism classism sexism (apply these to respond to homophobia) -listen to experiences of gay people--> they experience the world differently -actively support anti-discrimination efforts--> and campaigns to stop homophobia

what is gender and women's studies?

interdisciplinary (more than one branch) field of academic inquiry--> involves history, psychology, anthropology, sociology etc

supplement 13- guide to intersex and trans terminologies --> survivor project

intersex people naturally develop primary or secondary sex characteristics -many mutilated in infancy -intersex people somewhat common between 1.7 and 4 percent of population -transsexual perceive themselves as a gender different from the one given at birth -they undergo hormone or surgical interventions in order to live peacefully as a member of their true gender in society -transgender- behaviour doesnt match with assigned gender role/ gender outside of a man or woman binary/ no gender/ multiple gender/ play with gender or are gender deviant -hemaphrodite: old medical term describing intersex people. it is seen as rude -ambiguous genetalia is rude bc this term is used with society's definition of female/ male and not according to their bodies -berdache: native american genders that didnt fit into binary sex and gender. better to be called "two spirit" -use pronouns proffered by trans people, dont ask about their genetalia, don't make assumptions based on appearance

Supplement 14- activist insight: men and feminism The White Ribbon campaign

largest effort in the world of men working to end violence against women. -focus on educating men and boys -started in canada (1991), wearing white ribbon signifies opposition to violence against women -it is a pledge to never commit, condone or remain silent about violence against women -aims to raise public awareness, educate, encouage people to speak out, work in partnership w/ media -many men believe violence is a suitable way to control thier partner

1st wave feminism and when was it?

late 1800's- early 1900's in canada, us, Britain, australia, netherlands. - it was the turn of the 20th century -wanted to own property, have right to vote.

when and what were the feminist sex wars?

late 70's early 80's. struggles around sexuality--> ****, censorship, lesbian sex,, kink

Youre a hardcore feminist i swear- jessica valenti

main points: worst thing you can call a man is a female: girl, bit** -feminsim is always seen as anit- sex and anti-men -feminists are supposed to be ugly -Times magazine: "is feminism dead?" --> "if the womens movement were still useful it would have something to say, its dead because it has won." -teacher can still be fired for being pregnant and unmarried --president of harvard claims men are naturally better at math -current feminism goals: equal pay, more women in office, childcare, healthcare -girlcott plotted against abercrombie and fitch to get rid of shirt that said "who needs brains when you've got these?" -rightrides--> getting home safe shouldnt be a luxury. car service for free between 12-4am. girls can get safe ride home.

during 60's and 70's:

many political protests, people were asking questions (why do men get payed more? or questions about sociology)

naiomi wolf's 3rd wave perspective

more alert about class, race, sexuality, gender more accepting of self expression

understanding masculinities- the work of raewyn connel

mutiple masculinities: there are different masculinities around the world in different cultures and even in the same culture. IE: masculinities in the workplace, home and peer group -heirarchy of masculinity: some masculinities dishonoured IE: gay masculinities, some are exemplary IE: masculinity of sporting heroes, some are marginalized like masculinitites of disempowered marginal ethnic minorities -hegemonic masculinity:the form of masculinity that is dominant in a given setting. "hegemonic" = position of cultural authority. expression of the privilage men have over women -active construction of masculinities: they dont exist prior to social behaviours--> they come into existence as people act. gender stereotypes are present in everyday life -dynamics of masculinities: masculinities can change. they are composed, decomposed, constructed and replaced. sometimes its concious, sometimes its not.

famous five

nellie mcclung, emily murphy, irene parlby, louise mckinney, henrietta muir edwards devised the "persons case" --> are women persons? in 1928, answered no by supreme court. 1929--> women allowed to serve on senate

what sprung up as a result of capitalism?

socialism, communism, feminism

the construction of a negative identity- kim anderson

stereotypes of indian women: drunken squaw, dirty indian, easy, lazy -people see alcoholism, poverty and sexual dysfunction -natives have alot of family and sexual dysfunction b/c of imposed Christianity, legacy of residential schools, and western morality -this stereotype was developed before indians became impoverished because it was convenient for the colonizer--> could assimilate children into residential schools etc. -certain indian women are referred to as "indian princesses" because they were native but not TOO native, they had a white appeal i.e.: pocahontas -as native people were moved off the land by white people, native women lost their status and became known as lazy. They had lost the means to provide primary goods like food and clothing -women were highly sexualized and raped by white men who would frequently drive into their communtities, rape, possibly kill and then leave up until 1963 -native women are often killed, with hardly any attention in the media or without any investigation from police--> circumstances would be quite different if it was a white woman

censorship of blurred lines

university of Edinburgh banned the song from campus because it encourages rape culture

post feminism

we have not reached equality. it is a backlash against feminist activism and analyses

example of men taking part in feminism

white ribbon campaign: to end sexual violence against women

what was betty friedmens survey?

why so much unhappiness in women in the post war era? emptiness, depression (deemed "problem with no name")

can men be feminists?

yes as supporters

Supplement 4- activist insight, Sojourner Truth (1797- 1883)

-failure of a feminist sisterhood because of the lack of acknowledgement of the power relations that divide women -sojourner truth spoke at womens rights convention in Akron, Ohio with her speech "aint i a woman"--> intersectionality--> concept used to describe the ways in which oppressive institutions (racism, sexism) are all interconnected -"the white men will be in a fix pretty soon"

The hall of shame: Lies, Masks, and respectful femininity- amita handa

-south asian women are aware that they have to uphold a certain virgin reputation in order to respect their family/ community -south asians are constituted by boundaries: what they can wear, where they can go -alcohol, smoking, doing drugs, dating boys, slutty dressing is seen as "low behaviour" and not feminine -south asians face "communtiy sanctions" if their behaviour is inappropriate -expected behaviour: studying, going to family/ community gatherings and helping around the house -parents are unaware of thier childrens lives outside of the house -if she goes out/ drinks/ smokes she will be un-marryable -gender and ethnicity establish identity -white families will buy their daughter birth control pills- its more accepted in their families, indian families wouldnt -constant east/ west dualism -west: modern,degenerate AND east: traditional, pure -some girls actually experience more freedom in india than in toronto because the ideas of the west are spreading -all girls that were interviewed lied to their parents--> in order to seek approval -not allowed to wear ripped jeans, tight clothing, or shorts -lying gives them freedom and upholds thier reputations -causes emotional stress -gives negative connotations about white canadian girls

mileys performance: specific examples of racism

-twerking -smacking black womans a**

second wave feminists

1960's-1980's. in west b/c men returned from war and women were pushed out of jobs/ economy and into the home

supplement 27 "our bodies ourselves"

1969 womens movement gaining momentum in boston and around the country -12 women met during women's liberation conference -in a workshop "women and their bodies" they talked about their own experiences with doctors and shared knowledge about their bodies -formed the doctors group, the forerunner to "bostons women health book collective" to research and dicuss womens bodies and health -course booklet : "women and their bodies" pub in 1970, put womens bodies in radically political and social context, became an underground success--> then expanded version was pub. in 1973 (OBOS) -OBOS was published in 1973 by somone schuster and its main point were: women as imformed health consumers are catalysts for social change -women can become their own health experts -have a right to know about medical controversies -women comprise lrgst. segment of health workers -today OBOS provides clear, truthful info about health sexuality and reproduction -advocate for women and full body rights/ access to full control over bodies

Established in NA in...

1970's

3rd wave feminists

1990's--> preset. or are we in a 4th wave? "difference feminisms"--> embracing difference

example of third wave feminists

riot girls (my fav band) -underground feminist punk rock addresses: racism, sexism, patriarchy, domestic abuse, rape, empowerment through music

supplement 3: intersectionality wheel diagram

Inner circle represents a persons unique characteristics(power, privilege, identity) second circle- apsects of identity (disability HIV, class, background, education, age, location, skin colour) third circle- different types of discrimination (classism, ageism, racism, discrimination, heterosexism) fourth circle: larger forces and social structures to reinforce exclusion (war, capitalism, colonization, globalization, legal system)

gwst draws on:

social activism and academic knowledge while examining power relations across multiple scales -body/ embodiment -interpersonal relationships -systems of knowledge -institutions -nations, cultures -global, economic, geopolitical systems

"feminisme"

coined in france in 1872 femme=woman isme= social/ political movement

what is feminism??

a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression

Mary wollestone 1792

advocated (recommends/supports cause) for the social rights of women, highly influential to suffragists

when was white women voting in canada? and when was first nations voting?

between 1908 and 1919, no first nations voting until 1960.