Gender Comm

Advertising in the United States tends to present women as authority figures by using them for voice-overs in commercials.

False

Androgyny is a term describing individuals who "feel their biological sex is wrong--that they are really women trapped in men's bodies or men trapped in women's bodies."

False

Body image disorders only affect women.

False

Communication has only one level of meaning, the literal content meaning.

False

FMLA is available to all workers, and employers are required to pay employees who take family leave.

False

Free Men believe that men are discriminated against, although not as much as women are.

False

Intersectionality, the recognition that women differ in many ways including race, class, sexual orientation, body shape and size, and (dis)ability, is a hallmark of first-wave feminism.

False

Masculine speakers tend to make eye contact, nod, and say things like "tell me more," while speaking to others.

False

Men's rights movements typically represent the rights of all men, which includes standing up for the rights of gay men.

False

Most transsexuals experience a change in their sexual orientation after transitioning.

False

Online friendships are more likely to be satisfying to men when they include high levels of self-disclosure.

False

Paul Wright noted that men tend to engage each other face to face, whereas women usually interact side by side.

False

Research has shown people think male generic language includes men and women.

False

Research has shown that if you are educated about and are aware of the impact, media will have little or no influence on you.

False

Research shows that men generally are more responsive communicators than women.

False

Since parents' attitudes and communication about gender have become more egalitarian, researchers find no evidence of traditional stereotyping of boys and girls at birth and as they grow.

False

Gay men generally engage in more emotional and intimate talk than straight men but less than women of any sexual orientation.

True

Gender is a relational concept because masculinity and femininity make sense in relation to one another.

True

Social learning theory suggests that children play active roles in developing their gender identities by picking models of competent masculine or feminine behavior.

False

The United States is the only Western country and one of only three countries in the world that have a paid family leave policy.

False

The authors of the textbook suggest that we live in a post-feminist society where gender-based inequalities no longer exist.

False

The best way to explain sex and gender is through interpersonal and cultural theories.

False

The first women's movement in the United States began in the 1960s.

False

There are two distinct genders, female and male.

False

There is a common set of beliefs that all feminists share.

False

Typically, men do not value friendships as much as women.

False

Verbal communication conveys the majority of the total meaning during an interaction.

False

Women tend to interrupt others more than men.

False

​Women's facial and body communications tend to indicate that they are emotionally reserved and in control.

False

Gender schema theory claims that by the age of two, children use the concept of gender to organize their understandings of gender into coherent wholes

True

Intimate partner violence may include non-physical abuse, such as humiliating, isolating, spying on, or otherwise dominating partners.

True

Liberal feminist ideology claims that women and men are alike in all important respects and so should have equal rights.

True

Lucille is up for promotion. Her manager, John, asks her out on a date and pressures Lucille to have sex. She refuses. John later rejects Lucille's promotion unless she agrees to have sex with him. John's actions are an example of quid pro quo sexual harassment.

True

An estimated ____% of rape victims know their assailant.

9

Which of the following is true about Title IX?

A majority of Americans polled about Title IX support it.

Jake is at a party with a large group of men when his friend Dan makes a sexist joke about the physical appearance of a woman they all know. Instead of laughing, Jake tells Dan that he thinks the joke is inappropriate and that he'd prefer that Dan did not talk about women that way in front of him. What type of identity has Jake performed in this scenario?

A traitorous identity

According to standpoint theory, all perspectives on social life provide the same insights about how society works.

False

According to the textbook, men in the U.S. are seen as failing at masculinity if they try to transcend traditional notions of masculinity.

False

Masculine speech community members are less likely than feminine speech community members to want to talk about the "state of the relationship."

True

Masculinist movements assert that men suffer from discrimination and that men need to reclaim their rightful status as men.

True

Mythopoetic men argue that modern men experience emotional emptiness related to yearning to be close to their fathers.

True

Performative theory says that gender is not a thing we have, but is instead a thing we do.

True

Power feminism claims that women identifying as victims so frequently is part of the reason women are disadvantaged.

True

Profeminists, also called progressive men or male feminists, endeavor to cultivate emotions that they feel have been suppressed by masculine socialization.

True

Promise Keepers see reconnecting with God's commandments as the path for men to regain wholeness.

True

Research indicates that men tend to fall in love faster and harder than women, profess love earlier, and report greater happiness than women when receiving a declaration of love.

True

Research on sexual assault and rape suggests that men can use the power of peer influence to help reduce the incidence of rape.

True

Researchers claim that a masculine style of building and maintaining relationships is inadequate.

True

Sex-segregated groups and forms of play remain the norm for children in the United States.

True

Speakers socialized in a masculine speech community tend to use talk to gain and show status.

True

The Industrial Revolution led to the redefinition of masculinity and femininity.

True

The assumption that serious careers are linear and full-time reflects social relations of previous eras in which most professionals were men who had stay-at-home wives to care for the home and children.

True

The media encourages us to think that buying whatever is advertised will make us happier, more attractive, and more successful.

True

Toys are often sex-segregated—different aisles for girls' and boys' toys.

True

When non-U.S. cultures are examined, it becomes clear that there are innate sex differences in math and science ability.

false

Establishing equality between people is an important feature of __________ communication.

feminine

For many men, the most fundamental requirement for manhood is not to be ___________.

feminine

During conversation, Alyssa holds steady eye contact with her friend to indicate she is listening. Alyssa's eye contact is an example of ____.

kinesics

The meaning of masculinity and femininity in our lives is affected by

our age our race our interactions with others the historical time period in which we live

_______ language means equivalent terms.

parallel

Language reflects social views of women as _________ and men as _________ participants in sexual activity.

passive; active

Emily feels that she and her partner Luke spend too much time together, and she wants more time for her individual interests and activities. Luke feels that they should spend most of their time with each other. The tension between them reflects ____.

tension over autonomy and connection

Socio-economic status, more than sex, is a factor in a student's success in higher education.

true

Even when they hold the same titles and positions as men, women continue to be paid less.

True

Women who are effective public speakers tend to

Adopt a style of speaking that balances masculine and feminine stylistic factors.

What was the first example of an antifeminist movement?

Antisuffrage

In what way are girls and women more likely to use social media then men and boys?

As a venue for self-development

According to the textbook, which of the following is a challenge males typically face in academics?

Compared to same-aged girls, young boys have more physical energy and less impulse control so they are less likely to adjust to early school contexts.

Women won the right to vote in 1920 in part because of the efforts of the members of the ____ movement, a group that asserted women's moral superiority.

Cult of Domesticity

Which feminist group emphasizes that all oppressions, including those to non-human living things, are linked and that to eliminate oppression of women we must also eliminate oppression of animals and the environment?

Ecofeminists

Which of the following is a reason why women workers tend to lack mentor relationships?

Fewer women and minorities hold senior positions in many organizations. Men are often reluctant to mentor women for fear of gossip and innuendo. Men often assume that women are less serious about their careers.

Meagen decides to wear a short skirt and tight shirt to class. As she walks there, a group of males whistle, comment on her legs, and make sexual gestures to her. Which of the following best describes Meagen experiences?

Gender intimidation

______________________________ is unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature that interferes with a person's ability to perform a job or to gain an education, and/or conduct that creates a hostile, intimidating, or offensive working environment because of sexualized content or behavior.

Hostile environment harassment

Which of the following is true about the use of social media for activism?

In 2013, Texas state senator Wendy Davis tweeted her intention to filibuster an antiabortion bill in the Texas senate, which was broadcast live via YouTube and drew attention from all over the world.

Which of the following is true about media portrayals of men and women?

In advertising, men are portrayed as authorities on homemaking tasks.

Which of the following is true about non-romantic friendships between men and women?

In friendships between women and men, men typically talk more and get more attention than they offer.

Carolyn is a brilliant, but strict teacher who smiles rarely and is a tough grader. During a review, her department chair tells her she should warm up to the students and offer them more emotional support. Which of the following terms best describes the department chair's evaluation of how Carolyn should act?

Invisible hand discrimination

Which of the following is true about men's clothing?

It is generally not as colorful or bright as women's.

Why are men assumed by some approaches to personal relationships to be deficient at developing and sustaining personal relationships?

Many studies of men's relationships use the "feminine ruler" of talk as the basis of close relationships to judge men's relationships.

Which of the following has been advanced as an explanation for gender- and sex-related differences in ability to decode and interpret others' nonverbal communication?

Men and women have biological sex-related differences in brain functioning that influence their ability to understand nonverbal communication. As part of their socialization to be sensitive to and build relationships, females learn to decode nonverbal communication. According to standpoint theory, women must learn to interpret others in order to survive as subordinate members of society.

According to the principles of _________________, men who condone, encourage, or ignore violence are just as guilty as those who act violently.

Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP)

Which movement asked men to rededicate themselves to their families, spiritual transformation, and political action?

Million Man March

Which of the following is generally true?

None of the above. (Most women use only the right lobe of their brain. Most men use only the left lobe of their brain. Most men's brains are more highly integrated than most women's brains.)

Which of the following examples meets the definition of informed consent?

None of the choices are correct. (Vidhi is sold by her family and is forced to work as a prostitute. Jake drinks alcohol until he passes out and then is sexually fondled by his romantic partner of 5 years. Brittany agrees to have sex when she is 15-years-old with her 18-year-old romantic partner.)

What types of strategies were used by the first wave of women's rights activists in the United States?

Nonviolent protests and hunger strikes

According to Standpoint theory

People with the least social privilege are most likely to develop an oppositional stance toward existing power structures.

Which of the following helps explain why U.S. women are less likely to pursue careers in scientific and mathematical fields?

Persistent stereotypes of the fields and the sexes.

This branch of the men's movement encourages men to develop the emotional capacities that society approves of in women but discourages in men.

Profeminist men

Which of the following is/are true of queer theory?

Queer theory critiques what we consider to be normal and abnormal.

Which of the following is NOT true about rape?

Rape is motivated primarily by sexual desire.

Because our perspectives are limited by our social positions (e.g., sex, class, race, sexual orientation), we can never fully understand the lives of people who differ from us.

True

How do masculine people, often men, who are friends tend to build closeness?

Share activities

When parents who seek to promote traditional gendered behaviors in their children reward tomboys for wearing frilly dresses or punish effeminate boys for playing with Barbies, they are assuming which theory of gender?

Social learning theory

Which of the following movements is a multifaceted effort to stimulate a national conversation about what it means to be a good man today?

The Good Men Project

Which of the following is a challenge gender-nonconforming students often face?

The binary norm that forces students into male or female categories.

Which of the following are features of feminine (often female) friendships.

The friends do things for each other to show that they care. ?

Anna and Ben are up for the same promotion at work. When it comes time to make a decision, the management committee chooses Ben for the position because they think Anna's commitment to being a good mother to her children would prevent her from wanting to take on more responsibilities at the office. Anna has just encountered what?

The glass ceiling

Which of the following tends to be true about lesbian relationships?

The partners involved tend to have the most equality of all types of relationships.

Which wave of feminism focuses on intersectionality, coalitions and alliances, everyday resistance, media savvy, consumerism and individualism?

Third wave

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways nonverbal communication can function?

To give a detailed description of an event

Biological theory says that genes, hormones, and brain structure are the basis of gender difference.

True

Categorizing women as emotional and weak or men as rational and strong is an example of stereotyping.

True

According to Emily Quinn, intersex people represent around 2 percent of the population, which is about the same percentage as genetic red heads.

True

Children's play is very important in how they become socialized into speech communities.

True

Using passive language (e.g., The battery occurred on Sunday), gentle terms (e.g., domestic dispute), and the language of love (e.g., "She was a victim of love) normalizes gendered violence by concealing the brutality, shifting responsibility, and/or diminishing the horror.

True

When men observe sexist or violent behavior aimed at women and do not intervene, they are enacting bystander behavior.

True

Women are rarely presented as authorities in news programming.

True

Women who are independent, ambitious, directive, competitive, and sometimes tough may be seen as "iron maidens."

True

​Women frequently use nonverbal communication to invite others into conversation—looking at someone who hasn't spoken, smiling when a new person sits down in a group.

True

This men's movement professes that most men are not violent and that men should work together to change the few who are violent.

White Ribbon Campaign

What was/were the goal/s of the first wave of the women's rights movement?

Woman suffrage − the right to vote. Women's right to higher education. Women's right to work in the professions.

Affirmative action laws ____.

attempt to redress past discrimination for members of historically marginalized groups

Advertisements ____ than other programmed media content.

can be even more powerful

Fixmer-Oraiz and Wood argue that communication is the fulcrum for change because:

change occurs through communication. communication allows us to identify and challenge cultural views. communication allows us to define alternatives to the status quo and persuade others. individuals may be powerful social agents for change through communication.

In this form of genital surgery, a female's entire clitoris and parts of the labia minora are removed:

clitoridectomy (excision).

At age 3, Bonnie realizes she is female and she wants to become skilled at being a girl. She begins to watch her mother and older sister and to model her behaviors after theirs. Bonnie's efforts to learn how to act feminine are best explained by which theory?

cognitive development

A hair straightening treatment advertisement that appears next to a magazine article titled, "HOT: New smooth looks for summer hair!" is best described as:

complimentary copy.

Equal opportunity laws ____.

deal only with the present- not historical discrimination

Gender differences are apparent in the ways people manage conflict. Feminine people, in general, tend to respond to conflict by:

defering or compromising to reduce tension.

Heterosexual men and women report being happier and more satisfied with their relationships when their partners:

define themselves as feminists

Williams (2017) found that the transgender community used digital protest selfie campaigns on social media, such as #PlettPutMeHere and #Occupotty, to do all of the following except:

discuss LGBT social issues and advocate for equal rights push for policy changes to American bathroom bills reveal the violent realities facing transgender public restroom users

"Feminine" toys such as dolls encourage independent play activities and less verbal interaction.

false

Girls are praised for being independent and engaging in competitive play with other children.

false

More men than women attend college and pursue graduate study.

false

More women than men hold higher faculty ranks in American colleges and universities.

false

Kaitlin and her partner Adam have spent a lot of time fighting and avoiding each other recently. Kaitlin is upset about the situation and wants to fix the problem. Adam doesn't seem to have noticed that anything is wrong. Kaitlin takes it upon herself to start a conversation with Adam about their issues. This reflects Kaitlin and Adam's:

gendered responsibility for relational health.

Physical, verbal, emotional, sexual, and visual brutality that is inflicted disproportionately or exclusively on members of one sex is best defined as:

gendered violence

Physical, verbal, emotional, sexual, and visual brutality that is inflicted disproportionately or exclusively on members of one sex is best defined as:gendered violence.

gendered violence.

Three-year old Kate falls and scrapes her knees on the playground. Her mother runs to her, scoops her up into her arms, and cuddles Kate until she stops crying. What aspect of nonverbal communication is being used here?

haptics

Rick was born with male and female sex organs. Which of the following is the best term to describe Rick as a person with biological qualities of a male and a female?

intersexed

Research indicates that watching sexually explicit films that degrade women ____.

is related to men becoming more dominant toward women with whom they interact

____ speech communities tend to regard talk as a way to accomplish concrete goals, exert control, preserve independence, entertain, and enhance status.

masculine

Historical epochs tend to be taught in terms of their effects on ___________ while neglecting their impact on ___________.

men; women and minorities

You're watching Mad Men and notice that Don Draper frequently drinks Canadian Club whisky. This is an example of:

product placement.

The CEO at the company you work for has a spacious corner office all to herself while the rest of the employees share offices or work in cubicles. What form of nonverbal communication is indicating a power differential here?

proxemics

The term patriarchy literally means ________________.

rule by the fathers

Working women in heterosexual relationships typically engage in the majority of home and family care taking duties, which are frequently routine, repetitive, and constrained by deadlines. The statement that best defines this is ____.

second-shift job

The most traditional stereotype of women in the media is:

sex object

Glass walls is a metaphor to describe ____.

sex segregation of jobs based on stereotypes of women

Peer pressure enacted by college women emphasizes being attractive to men over class work and career preparation. In addition, some female college students discover that their career goals are not taken seriously. These factors comprise ____, which researchers believe help explain these young women's lower ambitions after college.

the culture of romance

Christina goes on a date with Todd. After dinner at a nice restaurant, Christina invites Todd back to her apartment for a drink. They open a bottle of wine and start to make out. After a while, Christina is uncomfortable and asks Todd to stop. He ignores her, pulls off her clothes, and has sex with her. After he leaves, although upset, Christina begins to wonder whether she had been "asking for it." The next day she tells a friend what happened and the friend asks her what she had been wearing and how much she had been drinking. This event reflects which of the following:

the rape culture.

According to some counselors, pressure to live up to ideals of masculinity has led to an epidemic of hidden male depression.

true

According to the textbook, many undergraduate women report feeling enormous pressure to achieve effortless perfection: to earn high grades, have leadership roles, and excel in sports while also being nice, kind, caring, and pleasing to others.

true

According to the textbook, women still may face prejudice in particular fields such as technology and natural sciences.

true

Feminine gender identities emphasize interrelatedness with others and tend to have relatively permeable ego boundaries.

true

Freud believed that children of both sexes focus on the penis as a symbol of power.

true

Male students who don't want to play sports or don't have time may perceive peer pressure to play sports to conform to masculine norms.

true

Masculine individuals tend have relatively firm ego boundaries and may sympathize with others but not experience others' feelings as their own.

true

The more advanced the educational level, the greater the ratio of male to female faculty members.

true

Though many things have changed about gender over time, appearance is still a primary measure and marker of femininity.

true