General Anatomy and Physiology Review

What is Oxidation?

when an element loses one or more electrons to oxygen.

What is reduction?

when element gains one or more electrons.

What is epithelial tissue?

functions as the lining and covering of body surfaces and cavities.

What is muscle tissue?

functions in facilitating voluntary and involuntary movements.

What is the golgi apparatus?

collects small molecules and combines them to make more complex molecules within the cell. Then it packages up the complex molecules to either store or to send out of the cell.

What is the model representing the hierarchy of the structure of the human body biggest to smallest.

Organism, organ system, organs, tissue, cells, cell organelle, molecules, atoms

What is Connective tissue?

responsible for the support and protection of tissues and organs.

What are tissues?

a collection of specialized cells that perform a specific functions (e.g. protection, support, nerve conduction and movement).

What is sagittal plane?

also a vertical plane but it equally divides the body into left and right.

What are ribosomes?

are the sites for protein synthesis.

What is Nerve Tissue?

responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.

What is the cardiovascular system

responsible for transport of substance to all tissues of the body.

What is the nucleus?

the "control center" that is responsible for directing the overall activity of the cell. The nucleus contains most of the cell's DNA

What is horizontal plane?

Divides body into upper and lower parts (top and bottom)

Osteoblasts are specialized cells that secrete the protein collagen and other substances necessary for bone formation. Which of the following organelles is more likely to be predominant in osteoblasts? A) Lysosomes B) Nucleus C) Ribosomes D) Mitochondria

C) Ribosomes

Which of the following describes cellular respiration? A) It is an oxidative anabolic activity B) It is a reductive catabolic activity C) It is an oxidative catabolic activity D) It is a reductive anabolic activity

C) it is an oxidase catabolic activity

HIV is a virus that destroys the body's defense against diseases by inserting itself into the host's DNA. In which part of the infected host cell will HIV virus be found? A)Lysosomes B)Ribosomes C)Nucleus D)Peroxisomes

C) nucleus HIV infects a host cell by integrating its genetic material with the genetic material of the host cell. Genetic material is located in the nucleus.

What is an organ system?

A group of organs that work together to perform several related functions

What is an organ

A group of tissues that has a specialized function

White blood cells contain many _________ because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above? A) lysosomes B) Mitochondria C) ribosomes D) Golgi

A) lysosomes

Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that divides the body into left and right? A) Sagittal B) Coronal C) Horizontal D) Transverse

A) sagittal

Which of the following is not located on the anterior region of the human body? A) Vertebral column B) Mandible C) Clavicle D) Sternum

A) vertebral Column

Which of the following organ systems is correctly paired with its function? A) Gastrointestinal / transport substances to all tissues of the body B) Endocrine / regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling C) Integumentary / obtaining nutrients necessary for growth, energy, and normal body processes D) Cardiovascular / providing the first layer of protection from outside pathogens

B) endocrine/ regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling

Which of the following correctly describes anatomical position? A)Supine, arms at sides, palms facing posteriorly B)Upright, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly C)Prone, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly D)Seated, arms at sides, palms facing posteriorly

B) upright, arm at sides, palms facing anteriorly

What is Mitosis

Cell division that generates new cells for growth and repair. The division of one cell into two genetically identical daughter cells

Which of the following is the correct order of structures from simple to most complex? A) Brain, neurons, mitochondria, nerve tissues B) Mitochondria, nerve tissues, neurons, brain C) Neurons, mitochondria, nerve tissues, brain D) Mitochondria, neurons, nerve tissues, brain

D) Mitochondria, neurons, nerve tissues, brain Neurons are the basic cells that make up the nervous system. Since the mitochondria is an organelle that you would find inside a neuron, it is going to be the simplest structure in the list. Multiple neurons are needed to form nervous tissue, which in turn makes up the brain.

Which of the following processes correctly describe the formation of new cells in order to replace worn-out and damaged cells during injury? A) Exocytosis B) Endocytosis C) Meiosis D) Mitosis

D) Mitosis

What is transverse plane?

Is a horizontal plane (divides body into lower and upper parts)

What is meiosis?

Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes with half the normal amount of chromosomes process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. The purpose of meiosis is to create sex cells - sperm in males, eggs in females.

In the final stage of Cellular Respiration (called the electron transport chain), oxygen accepts electrons and picks up protons to form water. So, because.......

because elements lose electrons to oxygen and it is a reaction in which energy is created, cellular respiration is both an oxidative and catabolic activity.

What are peroxisomes?

break down fatty acids to be used for forming membranes and as fuel for respiration/transfer hydrogen from compounds to oxygen to create hydrogen peroxide and then convert hydrogen peroxide into water.

What is the endocrine system?

responsible for regulating homeostasis through hormone signaling.

What is a coronal plane?

imaginary vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior).

What is exocytosis?

is the cellular process of transporting substances out of the cell.

What is the Mitochondria

organelles responsible for generating energy-rich molecules for the cell.

What is endocytosis?

process by which the cell takes in materials that are too large to pass through

What is Cellular Respiration?

process where a cell takes in oxygen and uses it to break down glucose to create energy in the form of ATP

What is catabolic reaction?

reaction breaks down complex molecules into smaller molecules to create energy for the organism to use.

What is anabolic reaction?

reaction that uses energy to build molecules the organism needs.

What is the Mitochondria?

responsible for ATP production and are considered the powerhouse of the cell. (The power house of the cell)

What is a Lysosome?

responsible for digesting and removing waste from a cell. This means they can digest bacteria and viruses that are engulfed by white blood cells in order to protect the body.

What is the Gastrointestinal system?

responsible for obtaining nutrients through the breakdown and absorption of food.

What are ribosomes?

responsible for protein synthesis. mRNA is translated into proteins by the ribosomes.

What is the integumentary system?

responsible for providing the first layer of protection from outside pathogens.