General Health IV

Prevalence of obesity among youth aged 2-19 by sex & age

-Total: 12-19 years -Boys: 6-19 years -Girls: 12-19 years

Smoking tobacco can cause cause cancer almost anywhere in the body

-Trachea, Lung & Bronchus -Colon & Rectum -Urinary bladder -Kidney & Renal pelvis -Pancreas -Lip, oral cavity, & pharynx -Cervix -Liver -Stomach -Esophagus

Potentially preventable deaths from the 5 leading causes of death

-Unintentional injuries: 39% -Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 39% -Heart: 34% -CVD: 33% -Cancer: 21%

3 most common cancers among men

-Prostate -Lung -Colorectal

Diabetes by Race & Ethnicity

-15.1% of American Indians/Alaskan Natives (most highest-followed by non-hispanic blacks 12.7%) -Highest among Asian Indians 11.2% (followed by 8.9% Filipinos) -Highest among Mexican Americans 13.8% (followed by Puerto Ricans 12%)

Number of deaths: Life expectancy: Infant mortality rate:

-2,839,205 -avg. 78.7 years (male-76, female-81) -5.66 deaths per 1,000 live births

Diabetes and Pre-diabetes in the United States

-34.2 million Americans (1/10) have diabetes -88 million American adults (1/3) have pre-diabetes -New diabetes cases were higher among non-Hispanic blacks and people of Hispanic origin

Most common cancers among children

-Ages 0-19 in the United States: leukemias, brain & central nervous system tumors, lymphomas (same ages 0-14) -Ages 15-19 most common: brain & other central nervous system tumors, lymphomas, leukemias

Cancer death rates in the World

-Breast cancer -Colon & rectum cancer -Prostate cancer

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in the United States

-Childhood obesity is a serious problem in the United States putting children and adolescents at risk for poor health. Obesity prevalence among children and adolescents is still too high -Four children and adolescents aged 2-19 years: Prevalence of obesity was 18.5% and affected about 13.7 million children and adolescents 20.6% among 12 to 19 year olds Hispanics 25.8% and non-Hispanic blacks 22.0% had higher obesity prevalence than non-Hispanic whites (14.1%)

Cancers attributable to modifiable risk factors

-Cigarette smoking -Excess body weight -Alcohol -Ultraviolet radiation -Infections -Physical Inactivity -Secondhand smoke

10 Leading Causes of mortality rates

-Congenital malformations -Low birth weight -Maternal complications -Sudden infant death syndrome -Unintentional injuries -Cord and placental complications -Bacterial sepsis of newborn -Diseases of the circulatory system -Respiratory distress of newborn -Neonatal hemorrhage

Cigarette smoking by Race/Ethnicity

-Current cigarette smoking was highest among non-Hispanic American Indians/ Alaska Natives and people of multiple races and lowest among non-Hispanic Asians -Nearly 23 of every 100 non-Hispanic American Indians/Alaska Natives (22.6%) -About 19 of every 100 non-Hispanic multiple race individuals (19.1%) -Nearly 15 of every 100 non-Hispanic Blacks (14.6%) -15 of every 100 non-Hispanic Whites (15%) -Nearly 10 of every 100 Hispanics (9.8%) -About 7 of every 100 non-Hispanic Asians (7.1%)

Cigarette smoking by age

-Current cigarette smoking was highest among people aged 25-44 years and 45-64 years -Current cigarette smoking was lowest among people aged 18-24 years

Leading Causes of Death & Mortality

-Heart disease -Cancer -Accidents (unintentional injuries) -Chronic lower respiratory diseases -Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases) -Alzheimer's disease -Diabetes -Influenza & pneumonia -Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis (kidney) -Intentional self-harm (suicide)

Cancer death rates in U.S.

-Lung & Bronchus -Female breast -Prostate

Cancer deaths attributable to cigarette smoking in Men & Women:

-Lung, bronchus, and trachea, Esophagus Urinary bladder -Lung, bronchus, and trachea, Pancreas Colorectum

Cigarette smoking by gender

-Men more likely to be current cigarette smokers than women -Nearly 16 of every 100 adult men (15.6%) -About 12 of every 100 adult women (12%)

Drinking alcohol raises your risk of getting six kinds of cancer

-Mouth & throat -Voice box (larynx) -Esophagus -Colon & rectum -Liver -Breast (in women)

For adults diagnosed with diabetes:

-New cases decreased from 2008-2018 -15% smokers, 89% overweight, 38% physically inactive -37% had chronic kidney disease (stages 1 through 4); and fewer than 25% with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (stage 3 or 4) were aware of their condition

Diabetes in the U.S.

-New diagnosed cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes have significantly increased among US youth -Ages 10-19 years, incidence of type 2 diabetes remained stable among non-Hispanic whites and increased for all others, especially non-Hispanic blacks

Who is at highest risk of Type II diabetes?

-Overweight or obese -Age 45 or older -Have a parent, brother or sister with type 2 diabetes -Physically active less than 3 times a week -Had gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy) or gave birth to a baby who weighed more than 9 pounds -Are African American, Hispanic or Latino, American Indian, Alaska Native, Pacific Islander, or Asian American

Obesity & Overweight (NH & NES)

-Prevalence of obesity in adults was 42.4% and there were no significant differences between men and women. -Prevalence of severe obesity in adults was 9.2% and was higher in women than in men. -Highest in non-Hispanic adults compare with other race and hispanic-origin groups -Prevalence of severe obesity was highest among adults aged 40-59 compared with other age groups -From 1999-2000 through 2017-2018, the prevalence of both obesity and severe obesity increased among adults

Cigarette smoking remains down but ___. Cigarette smoking remains high among certain groups ___.

-about 34 million American adults still smoke. -Men, ages 25-64, lower education, below poverty level, midwest & south, uninsured or medicaid, disabled, serious psychological distress, American Indians/Alaskan Natives/Multiracial, Lesbians/Gays/Bisexuals.

Diabetic Retinopathy by Age & Race

Among people age 75 and older, 19% of Hispanic Americans had the disease in 2010, compared with 7% of blacks and whites -Hispanic Americans are at higher risk for developing glaucoma

Leading causes of cancer death among Hispanic women (2nd among white, black, American Indian/alaskan native, & asian/Pacific Islander women)

Breast cancer

Three most common cancers among women

Breast cancer Lung cancer (2-everyone, 3-Asians) Colorectal cancer (2-Asians, 3-everyone)

Number of deaths by cause

CV disease: 17.79 million Cancers: 9.56 million

Third leading cause of cancer death among all race women

Colorectal cancer

Third leading cause of cancer death among men of all races & Hispanic

Colorectal cancer

Prevalent cases of diabetic retinopathy by Age & Race

Diabetic retinopathy affects men & women about equally -In 2010, 51% in women compared to 49% in men -From 2010-20150, number of Americans with diabetic retinopathy is expected to nearly double, from 7.7 million to 14.6 million Hispanic Americans are expected to see the greatest increase in cases, rising more than three-fold from 1.2 mil. to 5.3 mil.

Leading causes of death by gender: Female

Heart disease Cancer Chronic lower respiratory diseases Stroke Alzheimers disease

Leading causes of death by gender: Male

Heart disease Cancer Unintentional injuries Chronic lower respiratory diseases Stroke

Top 10 global causes of deaths

Ischaemic heart disease Stroke Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Lower respiratory infections Alzheimer disease and other dementias Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers Diabetes mellitus Road injury Diarrheal diseases Tuberculosis

Age group leading causes of death

Less than 1 year old: Congenital anomalies Ages 1-44: Unintentional injuries Ages 45-64: Malignant neoplasms 65 and up: Heart disease Main cause:

Leading causes of Violence-Related Injury deaths

Less than 1 year old: Unintentional suffocation Ages 1-4: Unintentional drowning Ages 5-9 & 15-24: Unintentional MV Traffic Ages 10-14: Suicide suffocation Ages 25-64: Unintentional Poisoning Ages 65 and up: Unintentional Fall Main cause: Unintentional poisoning

Leading causes of Injury Deaths by Age Group

Less than 1 year old: Unintentional suffocation Ages 1-4: Unintentional drowning Ages 5-9 & 15-24: Unintentional MV Traffic Ages 10-14: Suicide suffocation Ages 25-64: Unintentional Poisoning Ages 65 and up: Unintentional Fall Main cause: Unintentional poisoning

Second among Asian/Pacific Islander men

Liver cancer

Leading causes of cancer death among men of all races and Hispanic

Lung cancer

Leading causes of cancer death among white, black, American Indian/alaskan native, & asian/Pacific Islander women (2nd among Hispanic)

Lung cancer

Second leading causes of cancer death among white, black, American Indian/alaskan native and hispanic men (4th among asian/Pacific Islander men)

Prostate cancer

Prevalence of obesity among adults by sex and age

Total: Ages 40-59 (most likely) Men: 40-59 Female: 40 and over

Prevalence of obesity among adults by sex and race

Total: Non-Hispanic blacks Men: Hispanic Women: Non-Hispanic black

1/4

deaths in the United States is due to cancer.

Cancer is the ____.

second leading cause of death in the United States, preceded by heart disease (number 1 cause of death)