General Psychology Ch 13-15

It is estimated that nearly _____% of college students are currently smokers.

20%

It is estimated that nearly _____% of people who experience chest pain during a heart attack wait at least 6 hours to seek medical attention.

40%

During their lifetimes, approximately _____% of Americans will experience some type of mental disorder.

50%

The stigma associated with mental disorders may explain why most people with diagnosable psychological disorders, approximately _____%, do not seek treatment.

60%

About what percentage of American adults are overweight or obese?

69%

About _____% of college students report that they engage in some form of procrastination.

70%

According to the College Undergraduate Stress Scale, of the following choices, which event has the HIGHEST stress rating?

Being raped/ finding out you are HIV positive

Which statement about the relationship between religious experiences and positive health outcomes is TRUE?

Having a belief in and engagement with some higher power includes lower rates of heart disease, decreases in chronic pain, and improved psychological health.

Which statement about humor and health is TRUE?

Humor can reduce sensitivity to pain and distress as well as the the time needed to calm down after a stressful event.

Psychologists would identify which person as MOST at risk for developing premature heart disease?

John, a manager who often exhibits anger towards his employees

Which person would be expected to have the LOWEST levels of anger, depression, and stress?

Julie, who walks briskly for 30 minutes 5 times per week

Who is MOST likely to develop schizophrenia?

Margaret, a 39-year-old mother, believed that God was punishing her for marrying a man she did not love and bringing two children into the world.

_____ stress has what effect on the aging process?

People exposed to chronic stress, whether due to their relationships or jobs, or something else, experience actual wear and tear on their bodies and accelerated aging.

During exposure therapy, participants are exposed to more frightening situations:

TRUE

Which person would MOST likely be diagnosed with panic disorder?

Wesley, a 20-year-old college student, who began having panic attacks with increasing frequency, often two or three times a day. The attacks began with a sudden wave of "intense, terrifying fear" that seemed to come out of nowhere, often accompanied with tightness of chest, dizziness, and thought of passing out or dying.

With respect to the medical model of disease, etiology is defined as:

a pattern of causes of disease

In which scenario would perceived control over events be the LOWEST?

a young child living in an abusive household

A person-centered therapist does NOT utilize:

acceptance and clarification are the main techniques used

Due to the unexpected nature of panic attacks, some people develop a fear of public places; they are afraid that they will have a panic attack and help will not be available. The fear of public places is which disorder?

agoraphobia

Medications that help reduce the experience of fear or nervousness are called:

antianxiety drugs

_____ are a class of drugs that help lift people's moods.

antidepressants

Intensive early _____ interventions have been shown to help many children diagnosed with autism to achieve normal levels of functioning.

behavioral

Bea was under a great deal of stress at work, and her health had started to suffer. Her doctor treated her using _____, where Bea had sensors attached to various parts of her body and watched her vital signs on a computer screen until she learned to relax.

biofeedback

In general, therapies for psychological disorders can be divided into _____ and _____ treatments.

biomedical and psychological ----------- psychotherapy: medical

Research has shown that, in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders:

both therapy and medication affect brain regions associated with reaction to threat

_____ is the second leading cause of disability worldwide.

brain injury

Because Estevan had studied well ahead of time, he regarded the final exam as a(n) _____ instead of a _____.

challenge; threat

Kaylie has been diagnosed with both social phobia and depression. Kaylie's case exemplifies:

comordity

After being bitten by a dog, a child shows an exaggerated fear response to all dogs, even small friendly dogs on leashes. The child's fear reaction to dogs is an example of a(n) _____ response

conditioned

Lately, Charlie and Angelica have been having problems in their relationship. Both are having trouble communicating their true feelings to each other. Which type of therapy might be MOST beneficial to them to attend at the same time?

couples therapy

A person in an episode of mania can believe that she is destined for greatness or is exceptionally gifted, beliefs that are artifacts of increased mood. These types of erroneous beliefs are known as:

delusions

Omega-3 fatty acids have been linked to lower rates of:

depression

The inclusion of detailed diagnostic criteria in more recent versions of the DSM increases the _____ of diagnosing mental illness.

details

In group therapy, the therapist typically takes the role of:

discussion leader

A therapist who uses different techniques and theories based on the need of the client and the diagnosis could be referred to as a(n) _____ therapist. A) eclectic B) cognitive behavioral C) Gestalt D) humanistic

electic

Cynthia was recently promoted to an executive position in her company. The increased stress was enormous. After a few weeks, she began losing weight, lost interest in sex, and her menstrual cycle became irregular. Several months later, Cynthia suffered a physical breakdown when she acquired a dangerous viral infection and required hospitalization. What phase of the general adaptation syndrome left Cynthia susceptible to the viral infection?

exhaustion phase

As part of therapy, Amanda writes a narrative of what she experienced during her sexual assault. She reads this narrative to herself at least once daily. This example illustrates which step of rational coping?

exposure or understanding

Fear hierarchies developed to treat phobias are often a component of:

exposure therapy

Lindsay has obsessions about contamination and washes her hands hundreds of times per day. During therapy, Lindsay is asked to get her hands dirty on purpose and then leave them dirty for several hours. This is an example of:

exposure therapy

Which example is a delusion?

false beliefs

The _____ refers to an emotional and physiological reaction to an emergency that increases readiness for action.

fight or flight response

Scott is having relationship problems with his wife, Samantha. Scott's therapist directs Scott to pretend that Samantha is sitting in an empty chair across from him. Scott is instructed to say whatever he wants to say to Samantha. Then Scott must switch chairs, assume the role of Samantha, and provide her reply. Scott's therapist is using a(n) _____ technique.

gestalt

When faced with a stressor, people report that the level of stress is _____ when they perceive that _____.

greatest; they cannot control stressful events

21. Which is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech

Kobasa (1979) studied a group of stress-resistant business executives, suggesting that they shared a trait she called:

hardiness

Adam had always been the problem child of the family, getting in trouble for skipping school and routinely disobeying his parents and their rules for him. His parents arranged a family therapy session, and Adam was surprised to hear the therapist say that:

he was not the sole problem but instead that the family system was broken

Schizophrenic hallucinations MOST often involve the sense of:

hearing

The key function of cortisol is to:

help body deal with stress

Burnout is MOST frequently observed in the _____ professions.

helping

In obsessive-compulsive disorder, the obsessive thoughts _____, and the compulsive behaviors _____.

increase; decrease

Which statement does NOT describe a barrier to seeking treatment for a mental disorder?A) individuals often feel they need help in handling their problem . B) many people don't know where to look for services . C) families sometimes discourage their relatives from seeking help . D) many people think that mental problems can be solved by mind over matter

individuals often feel they need help in handling their problem

_____ is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships.

interpersonal psychotherpy

Situation-related anxiety is:

is anxiety because of a particular situation, and is normal and adaptive

Which stressor would MOST likely cause the greatest damage to your health?

living in a noisy, crowded city

Which strategy has been shown to be as healthy for you as exercising and not smoking?

maintaining positive social relationships

A(n) _____ disorder can be broadly defined as a persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behavior, thoughts, or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment.

mental disorder

In which cognitive therapy technique are people taught to be fully present in each moment and to be aware of their thoughts, feelings, and sensations in order to detect symptoms before they become a problem?

mindfulness meditation

When Kate gets extremely upset, she secretly cuts her inner thigh. This behavior calms her down. Kate's behavior represents:

non suicidal self-injury

A manic episode must last at least _____ to meet the diagnostic criterion for bipolar disorder.

one week

The sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror defines:

panic disorder

A marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations is termed _____ disorder.

phobic disorder

Who won the Nobel prize for the discovery of the functions of telomeres?

prize foe the discovery of the functions of telomeres Elizabeth Blackburn

A mental health professional who is a medical doctor is a:

psychiatrists

Which type of psychotherapy is MOST commonly practiced?

psychodynamic

As a result of being a rape victim, Chloe moved to another city and never discusses the assault with her friends. Chloe's behavior illustrates _____ coping.

repressive

Objectively observed indicators of illness are termed:

signs

Stacey's mother has schizophrenia, but Stacey herself showed no symptoms of schizophrenia until she experienced the stress of medical school final exams. The final exams prompted a psychotic break. Stacey's case is a good example of:

the diathesis-stress model

The biopsychosocial perspective assumes that mental disorders are:

the result of interactions among biological, psychological, and social factors

Among people who have just had heart surgery, one would expect that _____ would be _____ likely to have post-surgical complications.

they; more

Every time Sophie reads a book, she gets a sticker. When she gets 10 stickers, her parents take her to her favorite restaurant. Sophie's parents are using a(n):

token economy

Over the course of psychoanalysis, Juanita develops a strong bond with her therapist and begins viewing her as a mother figure. According to psychoanalytic theory, Juanita is demonstrating:

transference