General Receptors and Pathways Questions

31) The organization of the sensory pathways to the cerebrum is such that about ________ of the incoming sensory impulses actually reach the cerebrum. A) 1 percent B) 10 percent C) 25 percent D) 50 percent E) 100 percent

A) 1 percent

73) Damage to the medial lemniscus, a component of the mesencephalon, leads to A) A loss of the ability to generally experience sensations of touch, pressure, vibrations, and position. B) A loss of cerebellar motor control and posture. C) An immediate loss of all proprioceptive information. D) A loss of the ability to pinpoint the location of sensations of touch, pressure, vibrations, and position.

A) A loss of the ability to generally experience sensations of touch, pressure, vibrations, and position.

93) Damage to the medial lemniscus leads to A) A loss of the ability to generally experience sensations of touch, pressure, vibrations, and position. B) A loss of cerebellar motor control and posture. C) An immediate loss of all proprioceptive information. D) A loss of the ability to pinpoint the location of sensations of touch, pressure, vibrations, and position. E) Enhanced awareness of sensory stimulation.

A) A loss of the ability to generally experience sensations of touch, pressure, vibrations, and position.(Carries information of fine touch; highly localized, vibration, pressure, proprioception)

79) Damage to the Pacinian corpuscles of the arm would interfere with the ability to feel A) A pinch. B) The brush of a feather against the skin. C) Pain. D) A scratch. E) A hot match on the surface of the skin.

A) A pinch (deep pressure, stretch, tickle and vibration)

15) Sensory receptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called A) Baroreceptors. B) Chemoreceptors. C) Proprioceptors. D) Nociceptors. E) Thermoreceptors.

A) Baroreceptors.

89) The term ________ refers to a number of disorders that affect voluntary motor performance; they appear during infancy or childhood and persist throughout the life of the affected individual. A) Cerebral palsy B) Cerebellar palsy C) Bell's palsy D) A and B E) B and C.

A) Cerebral palsy

74) All of the following are true of sensations of prickling pain, except that they A) Decrease in intensity over time as the receptors adapt. B) Often trigger somatic reflexes. C) Receive conscious attention. D) Reach the CNS quickly. E) Are carried by type a fibers.

A) Decrease in intensity over time as the receptors adapt

83) A (n) ________ is a membrane depolarization that leads to an action potential in an excitable sensory membrane. A) Generator potential B) Receptor field C) Receptor potential D) Labeled line E) Tonic receptors

A) Generator potential

25) The spinal tract that relays information concerning pain and temperature to the CNS is the A) Lateral spinothalamic. B) Fasciculus gracilis. C) Anterior spinothalamic. D) Fasciculus cuneatus. E) Posterior spinocerebellar.

A) Lateral spinothalamic. carries pain and temperature Anterior spinothalmic carries crude touch and pressure

1) general senses include all of the following, except A) Light. B) Touch. C) Temperature. D) Vibration. E) Pain.

A) Light.

18) A tactile receptor composed of dendritic processes of a single myelinated fiber that makes contact with unusually large epithelial cells of the stratum germinativum is a A) Merkel's disc. B) Root hair plexus. C) Pacinian corpuscle. D) Ruffini corpuscle. E) Meissner's corpuscle.

A) Merkel's disc.

43) Axons of the corticospinal tract synapse at motor A) Neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord. B) Nuclei of cranial nerves. C) Neurons in the posterior horns of the spinal cord. D) Neurons in the lateral horns of the spinal cord. E) Neurons in the chain ganglia of the spinal cord.

A) Neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord.

9) Endorphins can inhibit impulses initiated by A) Nociceptors. B) Proprioceptors. C) Chemoreceptors. D) Mechanoreceptors. E) Thermoreceptors.

A) Nociceptors.

41) The area of the motor cortex that is devoted to a particular region of the body is relative to the A) Number of motor units in the area of the body. B) Number of sensory receptors in the area of the body. C) Size of the nerves that serve the area of the body. D) Size of the body area. E) Distance of the body area from the brain.

A) Number of motor units in the area of the body.

81) The ________ is the area monitored by a single receptor cell. A) Receptor field B) Receptor potential C) Labeled line D) Tonic receptors E) Phasic receptors

A) Receptor field

56) Taste receptors are sensitive to dissolved chemicals but insensitive to pressure. This is due to A) Receptor specificity. B) Receptor tactile habituation. C) Axon potentials. D) Receptor gentility. E) all of the above

A) Receptor specificity.

27) Each of the following is an ascending tract in the spinal cord, except the A) Reticulospinal tract. B) Fasciculus gracilis. C) Anterior spinothalamic. D) Fasciculus cuneatus. E) Posterior spinocerebellar.

A) Reticulospinal tract. Nebulous subconscious reflex action

86) ________ provides information about the strength, duration, variation, and movement of a sensory stimulus. A) Sensory coding B) Sensory homunculus C) Both D) Neither

A) Sensory coding

91) Phasic receptors are also called fast-adapting. A) True B) false

A) True (smell)

39) The pyramidal system provides A) Voluntary control over skeletal muscles. B) Involuntary control over skeletal muscles. C) Voluntary control over smooth muscles. D) Involuntary control over cardiac muscle. E) Involuntary control over smooth muscles.

A) Voluntary control over skeletal muscles.

34) The spinal tract that regulates voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles on the same side of the body is the ________ tract. A) anterior corticospinal B) reticulospinal C) vestibulospinal D) lateral corticospinal E) rubrospinal

A) anterior corticospinal (generally contains orders from the cerebral cortex about precise, coordinated muscle movements or conscious motor control of skeletal muscles)

35) The spinal tract that regulates voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles on the opposite side of the body is the ________ tract. A) lateral corticospinal B) anterior corticospinal C) reticulospinal D) vestibulospinal E) rubrospinal

A) lateral corticospinal

59) Pain receptors are to ________ as temperature receptors are to ________. A) nociceptors; Thermoreceptors B) baroreceptors; nociceptors C) baroreceptors; chemoreceptors D) baroreceptors; Thermoreceptors E) chemoreceptors; nociceptors

A) nociceptors; Thermoreceptors

38) The spinal tract that controls involuntary regulation of eye, head, neck, and arm position in response to visual and auditory stimuli is the ________ tract. A) tectospinal B) lateral corticospinal C) vestibulospinal D) reticulospinal E) rubrospinal

A) tectospinal

63) Somatic motor pathways always involve at least ________ motor neurons. A) two B) five C) ten D) fifteen E) none of the above

A) two

55) Sensory receptors are specialized cells or cell processes that provide your CNS with information about conditions ________ your body. A) inside B) outside C) beneath D) A and/or B E) none of the above

D) A and/or B

66) A labeled line is A) A reduction in sensitivity. B) A translation of complex sensory information. C) A stimulation that produces action potentials. D) A link between a receptor and cortical neuron. E) An adjustment for sensitivity adaptation.

D) A link between a receptor and cortical neuron.

67) ________ Receptors are ________ times more numerous than ________ receptors. A) Thermoreceptors; 3 to 4; temperature B) Cold; 10; warm C) Warm; 3 to 4; cold D) Cold; 3 to 4; warm E) Thermoreceptors; 3 to 4; cold

D) Cold; 3 to 4; warm

3) The general senses A) Are located in specialized structures called sense organs. B) Are localized in specific areas of the body. (are scattered throughout body) C) Do not conduct action potentials. D) Involve receptors that are relatively simple. E) both C and D

D) Involve receptors that are relatively simple.

46) Processing centers of the extrapyramidal system include all of the following, except A) The superior colliculus. B) The red nucleus. C) The vestibular nucleus. D) Mamillary bodies. E) The cerebral nuclei.(provide background of voluntary movement)

D) Mamillary bodies.

42) Axons of the corticobulbar tract terminate at the A) Nuclei in the thalamus. B) Sensory neurons. C) Autonomic motor neurons in the spinal cord. D) Motor nuclei of cranial nerves. E) Somatic motor neurons in the spinal cord.

D) Motor nuclei of cranial nerves.

14) Sensory receptors that monitor the position of joints are called A) Nociceptors. B) Thermoreceptors. C) Baroreceptors. D) Proprioceptors. E) Chemoreceptors.

D) Proprioceptors.

7) Our perception of our environment is incomplete because of all of the following, except that A) Abnormal receptor function can produce sensations that have no basis in fact. B) Humans do not have receptors for every possible stimulus. C) Our receptors have varying ranges of sensitivity. true D) Receptors respond in an all-or-nothing manner. E) Transduction converts a real stimulus into a neural event that must be interpreted.

D) Receptors respond in an all-or-nothing manner?

52) You are in the hospital with your uncle who was just diagnosed with a heart attack. One of his major symptoms is jaw pain. You are not surprised because you are familiar with this phenomenon of A) Phantom pain. B) Somatic pain. C) Visceral pain. D) Referred pain. E) Psychogenic pain.

D) Referred pain.

62) You are in the hospital with your uncle who was just diagnosed with a heart attack. One of his major symptoms is jaw pain. You are not surprised because you are familiar with this phenomenon of A) Phantom pain. B) Somatic pain. C) Visceral pain. D) Referred pain. E) Psychogenic pain.

D) Referred pain.

22) Chemoreceptors are located in all of the following, except A) Aortic bodies. B) At the level of the larynx. C) Special senses of taste and smell. D) The respiratory area of the medulla. E) Carotid bodies.

D) The respiratory area of the medulla.

65) The medial and lateral motor pathways can modify, or direct, skeletal muscle contractions by ________ lower motor neurons. A) facilitating B) inhibiting C) stimulating D) all of the above E) none of the above

D) all of the above

64) Conscious and subconscious motor commands control skeletal muscles by traveling over the A) Medial pathway. B) Corticospinal pathway. C) Lateral pathway. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D) all of the above Corticospinal pathway, medial and lateral (medial and lateral modify or direct skeletal muscles contractions by stimulating, facilitating, or inhibiting lower motor neurons)

60) Peripheral adaptation ________ the amount of information that reaches the CNS. A) stabilizes B) increases C) neutralizes D) decreases E) all of the above

D) decreases

69) Related to the medial and lateral pathways: The ________ pathway controls ________ movements of ________ limb muscles. A) lateral; gross; proximal B) lateral; gross; distal C) medial; precise; proximal D) lateral; precise; distal E) medial; gross; distal

D) lateral; precise; distal

37) The spinal tract that controls involuntary regulation of reflex activity and autonomic function is the ________ tract. A) anterior corticospinal B) lateral corticospinal C) rubrospinal D) reticulospinal E) vestibulospinal

D) reticulospinal (reticulo-reflex)

30) Sensory neurons that are located in the thalamus and project to the sensory cortex of the cerebrum are ________ neurons. A) receptor B) first-order C) second-order D) third-order E) fourth-order

D) third-order

76) Stimulation of a neuron that terminates in the superior portion of the left postcentral gyrus would produce A) Both sensations and muscle twitches in the right leg. B) A muscle twitch in the leg. C) A muscle twitch in the face. D) A sensation in the face. E) A sensation in the leg.

E) A sensation in the leg

49) The effects produced by the extrapyramidal system on lower motor neurons can be all of the following, except to A) Modify a response. B) Facilitate stimulation. C) Stimulate a response. D) Inhibit stimulation. E) Activate a response.

E) Activate a response. (corticospinal)

10) Thermoreceptors A) Are the most complex of the peripheral receptors (most complex are proprioceptors) B) Are tonic receptors. (phasic) C) Transmit action potentials along the same pathways that carry information about body position. D) That perceive cold stimuli are structurally different from those that receive hot sensations. (untrue) E) Are scattered immediately beneath the surface of the skin. (dermis, liver, muscles)

E) Are scattered immediately beneath the surface of the skin. (dermis, liver, muscles) A) Are the most complex of the peripheral receptors (most complex are proprioceptors) B) Are tonic receptors. (phasic) C) Transmit action potentials along the same pathways that carry information about body position. (untrue) D) That perceive cold stimuli are structurally different from those that receive hot sensations. (untrue)

23) The spinal tract that carries sensory information concerning fine touch and pressure is the A) Posterior spinocerebellar. B) Anterior spinothalamic. C) Lateral spinothalamic. D) Anterior spinocerebellar. E) Fasciculus gracilis.

E) Fasciculus gracilis. (carries fine touch and pressure, vibration and proprioception from the inferior half of the body)

70) A sensory receptor characterized as a free nerve ending, using the amino acid glutamate and the neuropeptide Substance P, would most likely be a A) Mechanoreceptor. B) Chemoreceptor. C) Thermoreceptor. D) Free receptor. E) Nociceptor.

E) Nociceptor.

24) The spinal tract that relays information from proprioceptors to the CNS is the A) Anterior spinothalamic. B) Fasciculus cuneatus. C) Lateral spinothalamic. D) Fasciculus gracilis. E) Posterior spinocerebellar.

E) Posterior spinocerebellar. (reaches cerebellum via inferior peduncles without decussating)

71) The ability to localize a specific stimulus depends on the organized distribution of sensory information to the A) Spinocerebellar pathway. B) Spinothalamic pathway. C) Dorsal spinal tract. D) Posterior column tract. E) Primary sensory cortex.

E) Primary sensory cortex.

13) A tactile receptor is composed of a capsule that surrounds a core of collagen fibers. Those that are continuous with the dermis and are intertwined with dendrites are called A) Root hair plexuses? B) Meissner's corpuscles. C) Pacinian corpuscles. D) Merkel's disks. E) Ruffini corpuscles.

E) Ruffini corpuscles.

4) Receptor specificity can be the result of all of the following, except A) The structure of the receptor cell. B) Accessory structures and tissues that shield the receptors from other stimuli. C) Accessory cells that function with the receptor. D) Characteristics of the receptor cell membrane. E) Tissue location of the receptor cell

E) Tissue location of the receptor cell

58) Sensory information that arrives at the CNS is routed according to the ________ of the stimulus. A) location B) temperature C) nature D) speed E) both A and C

E) both A and C location and nature

54) Visceral sensory information is distributed to sensory processing centers primarily in the A) Brain. B) Brain stem. C) Diencephalon. D) both A and B E) both B and C

E) both B and C B) Brain stem. C) Diencephalon.

48) Damage to a descending tract results in an inability to properly control the facial muscles. Which descending tract is affected? A) corticospinal tract. B) rubrospinal tract. C) reticulospinal tract. D) tectospinal tract. E) corticobulbar tract.

E) corticobulbar tract.

44) The pyramids on the surface of the medulla are formed by fibers of the ________ tracts. A) tectospinal B) corticobulbar C) reticulospinal D) vestibulospinal E) corticospinal

E) corticospinal

75) What symptoms would you associate with damage to the nucleus gracilis on the right side of the medulla? A) inability to perceive fine touch from digits on either hand B) inability to perceive fine touch from the left leg C) inability to perceive fine touch from the right shoulder D) inability to perceive fine touch from the left shoulder E) inability to perceive fine touch from the right leg

E) inability to perceive fine touch from the right leg

45) Axons that decussate in the region of the pyramids of the medulla form the ________ tracts. A) pyramidal spinal B) anterior corticospinal C) reticulospinal D) vestibulospinal E) lateral corticospinal

E) lateral corticospinal

68) Related to the medial and lateral pathways (extrapyramidal): The ________ pathway controls ________ movements of trunk and ________ limb muscles. A) medial; gross; distal B) medial; fine; distal C) lateral; gross; distal D) lateral; gross; distal E) medial; gross; proximal

E) medial; gross; proximal

80) Harry has a biking accident and injures his back. He is examined by a doctor who notices that Harry cannot feel pin pricks in his left foot but can feel the sensation in his right foot as well as his right and left arms and thorax. There appear to be no problems with the motor activity in any of his appendages. The physician tells Harry that he thinks a portion of the spinal cord may be compressed and is causing these symptoms. Where the problem is probably located? A) the left ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus B) the left lateral spinothalamic tract at the C3 level C) the left lateral spinothalamic tract at the L2 level D) the right lateral spinothalamic tract at the C3 level E) the right lateral spinothalamic tract at the L2 level

E) the right lateral spinothalamic tract at the L2 level (Lateral spinothalmic carries pain and temperature)

94) Tina is in an automobile accident and suffers head and spinal injuries. What types of tests might be done to determine whether the neural damage is due to her head injuries or her spinal injuries?

Answer Head injuries may produce damage to the upper motor neurons of the somatic nervous system. If this is the case, you would expect Tina to have a positive Babinski reflex and no abdominal reflex. The affected muscles may be flaccid, rigid, or uncoordinated depending on which upper motor neurons are involved. Damage to the spinal cord would involve the lower motor neurons. Damaged lower motor neurons would produce a flaccid paralysis of the affected muscles. If the lower motor neurons involved in the Babinski and abdominal reflexes were not injured in the accident, we would expect these reflexes to be normal. Determining sensory perception in various dermatomes would also be helpful in assessing if the damage involved a particular region of the spinal cord.

95) What are the four types of sensory receptors for the general senses? What is the nature of the stimuli that excite each type?

Answer Nociceptors: a variety of stimuli associated with tissue damage; (2) Thermoreceptors: respond to changes in temperature; (3) mechanoreceptors: stimulated or inhibited by physical distortion, contact, or pressure; and (4) chemoreceptors: monitor the chemical composition of body fluids and respond to the presence of specific molecules.

97) Researchers studying an illegal drug find that it causes individuals to experience tactile stimulations that are not actually present. Perceptions of touch are exaggerated to the point of pain, and individuals taking the drug report increased irritability of the skin. Which neurotransmitter might this drug mimic, and which general sensory receptors are involved?

Answer The drug is mimicking the effects of the neurotransmitter serotonin. The areas of the brain that are being affected include the occipital lobe (visual hallucinations, color enhancement) and the limbic system (increased sexual appetite)

96) While playing lacrosse, Frank took a blow to the back of his neck. This caused swelling of the posterior spinal cord at C7, T1. What tract lies in this area? What symptoms might you expect Frank to experience while the swelling persists?

Answer The posterior spinocerebellar tracts are affected. Difficulty with proprioception and sensations of fine touch, pressure, and vibration may be altered.

78) Damage to the tectospinal tracts would interfere with the A) Ability to control motor units located in the thigh. B) Ability to position the eyes, head, and neck in response to bright lights. C) Ability to monitor body position. D) Ability to process information from the inner ear. E) Ability to maintain muscle tone in the arms.

B) Ability to position the eyes, head, and neck in response to bright lights.

5) Transduction involves all of the following, except A) Changes in the transmembrane potential of the sensory receptor. B) An inhibition of certain specific regions in the cerebral cortex. C) The generation of an action potential that can be processed and interpreted by the CNS. D) The production of a generator potential. E) A stimulus altering the permeability of a receptor membrane.

B) An inhibition of certain specific regions in the cerebral cortex

32) Postsynaptic neurons from the nucleus gracilis A) Carry both sensory and motor information. B) Decussate before entering the medial lemniscus. C) Relay information to the cerebrum by way of the medial lemniscus.(information reaches the primary sensory cortex via the thalamus) D) Relay sensory information to the cerebral hemisphere on the same side of the body as that which receives the stimulus. E) both A and B

B) Decussate before entering the medial lemniscus.

90) Pain receptors are fast-acting receptors. A) True B) False

B) False

21) Tactile receptors include all of the following, except A) Free nerve endings. B) Horizontal cells. C) Meissner's corpuscles. D) The root hair plexus. E) Merkel's discs.

B) Horizontal cells.

6) Central adaptation refers to A) The change in activity of peripheral receptors when stimulated. B) Inhibition of nuclei located along a sensory pathway. C) A change in motor receptivity of a neuron. D) A phenomenon that is characteristic of phasic receptors. E) Increases in conscious perception of a sensory stimulus.

B) Inhibition of nuclei located along a sensory pathway.

72) Destruction of or damage to a lower motor neuron in the somatic nervous system produces A) A subconscious response to stimulation. B) Paralysis of the innervated motor unit. C) The inability to localize a stimulus. D) A stimulation of the innervated muscle. E) none of the above

B) Paralysis of the innervated motor unit.

92) Destruction of or damage to a lower motor neuron in the somatic nervous system produces A) A subconscious response to stimulation. B) Paralysis of the innervated motor unit. C) The inability to localize a stimulus. D) A stimulation of the innervated muscle. E) none of the above

B) Paralysis of the innervated motor unit.

40) Voluntary control of skeletal muscles is provided by the A) Red nucleus. B) Pyramidal system. C) Reticular formation. D) Medullary centers. E) Spinothalamic tracts.

B) Pyramidal system.

82) The change in transmembrane potential that accompanies receptor stimulation is called the ________. A) Receptor field B) Receptor potential C) Labeled line D) Tonic receptors E) Phasic receptors

B) Receptor potential

12) A tactile receptor that responds to deep pressure is a A) Root hair plexus. B) Ruffini corpuscle. C) Merkel's disc. D) Meissner's corpuscle E) Free nerve ending.

B) Ruffini corpuscle.

19) A tactile receptor that monitors distortions and movements across the body surface is a A) Meissner's corpuscle. B) Ruffini corpuscle. C) Root hair plexus. D) Pacinian corpuscle. E) Merkel's disc.

B) Ruffini corpuscle.

87) The ________ is a map of the sensory cortex of the cerebrum. A) Sensory coding B) Sensory homunculus C) Both D) Neither

B) Sensory homunculus

47) Spinal tracts of the extrapyramidal system include all of the following, except ________ tracts. A) Reticulospinal (subconscious regulation of reflexes) B) Spinothalamic (ant. Crude touch, lateral: pain and temperature) C) Tectospinal (subcon regulation of eye, head, neck and upper limb in response to visual and auditory) D) Rubrospinal (subconscious regulation of upper limb muscle tone and movement) E) vestibulospinal

B) Spinothalamic (ant. Crude touch, lateral: pain and temperature)

11) A receptor that has a membrane that contains many mechanically regulated ion channels would be a A) Thermoreceptor. B) Tactile receptor. C) Light receptor. D) Chemoreceptor E) Nociceptor.

B) Tactile receptor.

28) The sensory neuron that delivers the sensation to the CNS is a ________ neuron. A) receptor B) first-order C) second-order D) third-order E) fourth-order

B) first-order

51) Motor neurons whose cell bodies lie in the CNS processing center are called ______ neurons. A) postganglionic B) upper motor C) lower motor D) preganglionic E) somesthetic

B) upper motor

36) The spinal tract that regulates involuntary control of posture and muscle tone is the ___ tract. A) rubrospinal B) vestibulospinal C) anterior corticospinal D) reticulospinal E) lateral corticospinal

B) vestibulospinal

77) Stimulation of a neuron that originates in the inferior region of the right precentral gyrus would produce A) A muscle twitch in the right cheek. B) A sensation in the left foot. C) A muscle twitch in the left cheek. D) A muscle twitch in the right foot. E) A sensation in the right cheek.

C) A muscle twitch in the left cheek.

26) The spinal tract that relays information concerning crude touch and pressure to the CNS is the A) Posterior spinocerebellar. B) Fasciculus gracilis. C) Anterior spinothalamic. D) Fasciculus cuneatus. E) Lateral spinothalamic.

C) Anterior spinothalamic.

61) ________ are receptors in the lung that monitor the degree of lung expansion. A) Nociceptors B) Proprioceptors C) Baroreptors D) Chemoreceptors E) none of the above

C) Baroreptors

53) Somatic sensory information is distributed to sensory processing centers in the A) Spinal cord. B) Axial skeleton. C) Brain. D) both A and B E) both B and C

C) Brain.

57) A receptor potential large enough to produce an action potential is called a(n) A) Automatic potential. B) External result. C) Generator potential. D) Action potential instigator. E) none of the above

C) Generator potential.

84) A (n) ________ is the neural link between a receptor and the associated cortical neuron. A) Receptor field B) Receptor potential C) Labeled line D) Tonic receptors E) Phasic receptors

C) Labeled line (link between the peripheral receptor and the cortical neuron)

16) A tactile receptor composed of dendrites that are highly coiled and interwoven, surrounded by modified Schwann cells and a fibrous capsule, is a A) Ruffini corpuscle. B) Pacinian corpuscle. C) Meissner's corpuscle. D) Root hair plexus. E) Merkel's disc.

C) Meissner's corpuscle. (perceive fine touch and pressure, adapt quickly)

50) Some of the fibers that form the lateral corticospinal tracts are damaged before they decussate at the medulla. This type of injury would affect A) Sensory function on the opposite side from the damage. B) Sensory function on the same side as the damage. C) Motor function on the opposite side from the damage. D) Motor function on the same side as the damage. E) both B and D

C) Motor function on the opposite side from the damage.

88) The ________ is a map of the motor cortex of the cerebrum. A) Sensory coding B) Sensory homunculus C) Motor homunculus D) A and C E) B and C

C) Motor homunculus

17) A tactile receptor that is composed of dendritic processes that lie within a series of concentric cellular layers is a A) Meissner's corpuscle. B) Root hair plexus. C) Pacinian corpuscle. D) Ruffini corpuscle. E) Merkel's disc.

C) Pacinian corpuscle

33) We can distinguish between sensations that originate in different areas of the body because A) Incoming sensory information is first assessed by the thalamus. B) The sensory neurons in different parts of the body are different from each other. C) Sensory neurons from each body region synapse in specific brain regions. D) Sensory neurons carry only one type of information. E) Different types of sensory receptors produce different types of action potentials.

C) Sensory neurons from each body region synapse in specific brain regions.

20) Fine touch and pressure receptors provide detailed information about all of the following, except the (fine touch: merkel, meisner's, free nerv endings?) A) Source of the stimulus. B) Movement of the stimulus. C) Time of the stimulus. D) Shape of the stimulus. E) Texture of the stimulus.

C) Time of the stimulus.

2) The special senses include all of the following, except A) Sight. B) Olfaction. C) Tissue damage. D) Gustation. E) Equilibrium.

C) Tissue damage

85) Sensory neurons that are always active are called ________. A) Receptor potential B) Labeled line C) Tonic receptors D) Phasic receptors

C) Tonic receptors (gin and tonic never stops being effective)

8) Nociceptors A) Convey precise information about the site of stimulation. B) Are specialized to respond to light touch. C) Usually have large receptive fields. D) Are especially common in internal organs. E) Are large, complex receptors.

C) Usually have large receptive fields.

29) Interneurons of sensory pathways that are located in the spinal cord or brain are referred to as ________ neurons. A) receptor B) first-order C) second-order D) third-order E) fourth-order

C) second-order