GENETICS

I will be able to differentiate between autosomal and sex chromosomes, and how a karyotype can be used to distinguish between them

All humans require an X chromosomes. Females have two. X chromosomes. If one x chromosomes in males have a condition, the male is infected. If one x has a condition in females, they are only carrier. If they have two however, the female has the condition. Autosomol chromosomes are 1-22 and carry genes and traits. Sex chromosomes are 23.

I will be able to explain why an increased number of phenotypes may be evidence of either a polygenic trait (ex. Eye color or hair color) or the presence of multiple alleles (ex. Blood type).

An increased number of phenotypes may be evidence of either a polygenic trait or the presence of multiple alleles

I will be able to explain why Co-dominance and Incomplete dominance are exceptions to the law of dominance, along with knowing some basic examples of each.

Co-dominance and incomplete dominance are exceptions to the law of dominance. Incomplete dominance is when the two dominant traits mix and create a combination. For example, if its red and white, they mix and make a combination of pink so the dominant trait can't be white nor red. For codominance, that is when there are not mixed colors but two of the dominant colors. For example, a white cow could have part red dots.

I will be able to define dominant and recessive, and explain how these combine to create the three basic genotypes: homozygous dominant (pure bred dominant), heterozygous (hybrid) and homozygous recessive (pure bred recessive).

Dominant is the one that is more common and is and if one letter of a dominant allele is shown, the thing is dominant. If some alleles are dominant, all will exhibit that form of the trait. 3 basic genotypes are homozygous dominant (pure bred dominant), heterozygous (hybrid) and homozygous recessive (pure bred recessive). For example, AB, AA, BB.

I will be able to explain how gene linkage and crossing over play a role in inheritance.

Gene linkage and crossing over play a role in inheritance because

a. I will be able to define genetics, and identify the basic unit of inheritance - the gene

Genetics- scientific study of heredity The basic unit of inheritance is the gene. A gene is the sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from the parent to offspring.

I will be able to define genotype and phenotype, and explain the difference.

Genotype: Genetic makeup Phenotype: Physical traits Geneotype is how their DNA affects their appearance Phenotype is how those genes are actually expressed (and not a result of environmental factors).

I will be able to explain how homologous chromosomes help determine genotype

Homologous chromosomes help determine genotype because equal sets of chromosomes come from each parents from the male and female. For example, a fruitfly has 8 chromosomes and 4 of them come from the male parent and the other 4 come from the female parent.

I will be able to create a pedigree chart and answer questions using the information in the pedigree chart

In a pedigree chart, the circle represents a female and a square represents a male. A vertical line connects the parents to children. Horizontal line represents a male and a female are married. Shaded parts show dominant traits and non shaded parts show recessive traits.

I will be able to create a Punnett square and answer questions using the information

Punnet squares use mathematical probability to help predict the genotype and phenotype combinations in genetic crosses.

I will be able to explain how gender affects sex-linked traits (ex. Color blindness and hemophilia) and why only females can be carriers.

Sex-linked traits are where gender matters to gene. Recessive traits where males will be more likely to have the recessive phenotype because 1 recessive gene is enough

I will be able to identify and define the three basic laws of genetics proposed by Gregor Mendel

The 3 basic laws of genetics proposed by Gregor Mendol are law the dominance, law of segregation and law of independent assortment. The law of dominance is that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive. An organism with at least one dominant allele for aparticular form of a trait will exhibit that form of the trait. An organism with a recessive allele will exhibit when the dominant allele is not present. The second law of independent assortment is that an individual's characteristics are determined by factors that are passed from one parental generation to the next. Today, scientists call that factors that are passed from parent to offspring are genes. The third law is the law of segregation. The law of segregation is that during gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other, so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.

I will be able to identify the changes in a parent that are heritable and the process by which genes are passed to the next generation

meiosis ->gamete -> fertilization

I will be able to explain the role of mutation in genetics and the existence of alleles.

mutation can be gain or loss of function. diabetes is loss, cancer is gain.