GEOG 262 Final
ecotourism; why CR? motivations; common characteristics; need for certification
"Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people", embraced by developing countries, involves travel to natural destinations, minimizes impact, builds environmental awareness, provides direct financial benefits for conservation, provides financial benefits and empowerment to locals, respects local culture, supports human rights and democratic movements, hard: primary focus of trip, remote locations, physically and mentally demanding, soft: targeted at mass tourists, easily accessible, brief excursion
Cruises on the Inner Passage
1 mile travel through vancouver to and from alaska
route of parks in Patagonia
1,740 mile scenic hike through 17 NPs
Sao Paolo; most populous; business and shopping tourism
15 million residents, most in country; economic center for business and shopping tourism; highly diverse city; large wealth inequality with 1000+ favelas
eroding US Tourism policy and why
1950: Tourism in the European Recovery Program Worked with European counterparts to remove barriers to travel—lower costs, ease visa requirements Push for Tourism Policy by President Eisenhower International Travel Act of 1961
Nature and adventure tourism in chile
36 national parks, 14 natural monuments in chile
Andes and associated transportation issues
5,000 mile long chain that runs along western coast of south america, second highest mountain range in world, some peaks over 20,000 ft
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (attractions, harbor)
6.32 mil residents, second most populous in country, 1.4 mil int'l visitors/yr, founded by portuguese in 1565 AD, capitol of colony and then country until 1960: Rio Harbor is one of the "seven natural wonders of the world", Carioca Landscapes between the mountain and the sea a WH site
Santiago; primate city; trans. hub
7 million residents in metro area, founded by spanish conquistador in 1541, and capitol city ever since, cultural, economic, political and trans center
French (Quebec) and English languages
Canada has two official languages: French and English. The majority of most Canadians speak English, while almost all French-speakers live in the province of Quebec. Government-led efforts to make Canada a functionally bilingual society have yielded mixed results at best
largest % of land as national parks in costa rica
Costa Rica's national park system is a network of protected rainforests, tropical dry forests, cloud forests, marine areas, and wetlands. Costa Rica has been a world leader in conservation policies with protected areas that encompass over 25 percent of its total landmass - the highest in the world
Dark Tourist episode in Latin America
David travels to Medellín, where he investigates the legacy of Pablo Escobar. He later tours La Catedral with Escobar's former hit man Popeye. He then journeys to Mexico City, where he meets followers of Santa Muerte, before experiencing a mock illegal border crossing into the US.
PEI and Anne of Green Gables
Green Gables is the name of a 19th-century farm in Cavendish, Prince Edward Island, and is one of the most notable literary landmarks in Canada.[1] The Green Gables farm and its surroundings are the setting for the popular Anne of Green Gables novels by Lucy Maud Montgomery. The site is also known as Green Gables Heritage Place. The house was designated a National Historic Site in 1985[2] and the complex is located within Prince Edward Island National Park.
sao paulo airports as most important
Guarulhos Sao Paolo and Congonhas Sao Paolo get 20-40 million per year
Halifax; attractions; titanic graves
Halifax, an Atlantic Ocean port in eastern Canada, is the provincial capital of Nova Scotia. A major business centre, it's also known for its maritime history. The city's dominated by the hilltop Citadel, a star-shaped fort completed in the 1850s. Waterfront warehouses known as the Historic Properties recall Halifax's days as a trading hub for privateers, notably during the War of 1812. Fairview Cemetery is a cemetery in Halifax, Nova Scotia. It is perhaps best known as the final resting place for over one hundred victims of the sinking of the RMS Titanic.
Icebergs in Newfoundland
Icebergs are best viewed in late May and early June along the coast of Newfoundland, and between March and July along the coast of Labrador. Bergs are actually most plentiful in April and May but are often trapped in sea ice that prevents tour boats from operating
Torres del Paine National Park
It is one of the largest and most visited parks in Chile. park encompassing mountains, glaciers, lakes, and rivers in southern Chilean Patagonia.
Carnaval in Brazil
Massive week long party that occurs before Lent throughout the country, 11 mil domestic and 500,000 int'l tourists/yr, Sambas in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paolo
Montreal; bilingualism, attractions
Montréal is the largest city in Canada's Québec province. It's set on an island in the Saint Lawrence River and named after Mt. Royal, the triple-peaked hill at its heart. Its boroughs, many of which were once independent cities, include neighbourhoods ranging from cobblestoned, French colonial Vieux-Montréal - with the Gothic Revival Notre-Dame Basilica at its centre - to bohemian Plateau.
NYC: global city; subway; attractions
New York City comprises 5 boroughs sitting where the Hudson River meets the Atlantic Ocean. At its core is Manhattan, a densely populated borough that's among the world's major commercial, financial and cultural centers; statue of liberty, empire state building, rockefeller center, times square, broadway, freedom tower tallest in us; subway opened in 1904, 472 stations, 245 miles
Niagra Falls
Niagara Falls, Ontario, is a Canadian city at the famous waterfalls of the same name, linked with the U.S. by the Rainbow Bridge. Its site on the Niagara River's western shore overlooks the Horseshoe Falls, the cascades' most expansive section. Elevators take visitors to a lower, wetter vantage point behind the falls. A cliffside park features a promenade alongside 520-ft.-high Skylon Tower with an observation deck.
poas and manuel antonio national parks
Paos: a National Park in Costa Rica that covers an area of approximately 65 square kilometres (16,000 acres); the summit is 2,700 metres (8,900 ft). It was established on 25 January 1971. Until recently visitors could usually walk all the way to the edge of the main crater, but on 13 April 2017 the park was closed to visitors due to an explosive eruption on the evening of 12 April. Still further eruptions, including Easter, 16 April, have closed the park until further notice Manuel Antonio: is a small National Park in the Central Pacific Conservation Area located on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, just south of the city of Quepos, Puntarenas, and 132 km (82 mi) from the national capital of San José. Established in 1972 with a land area enumerating 1 983 ha (the smallest of any Costa Rican national park), it is the destination of as many as 150,000 visitors annually and well known for its beautiful beaches and hiking trails. In 2011, was listed by Forbes among the world's 12 most beautiful national parks.
Quebec City; walls, Le Chateau Frontenac
Québec City sits on the Saint Lawrence River in Canada's mostly French-speaking Québec province. Dating to 1608, it has a fortified colonial core, Vieux-Québec and Place Royale, with stone buildings and narrow streets. This area is the site of the towering Château Frontenac Hotel and imposing Citadelle of Québec. The Petit Champlain district's cobblestone streets are lined with bistros and boutiques Ideally located inside the walls of Old Quebec, the iconic Fairmont Le Château Frontenac has undergone a multimillion dollar renaissance project that will reposition it as one of the world's leading hotels. The restoration blends the charm of the hotel's enchanting past with modern innovations, creating an allure that is fresh & seductive, balanced with the hotel's rich history & dynamic future.
san jose airport as most important
San Jose Intl (SJO) is the hub and it is much easier, cheaper & faster to travel from with domestic airlines. So if you are visiting the Caribbean, Pacific beaches in the south or the Central Valley, this is your hub.
San Jose; primate city; cultural heritage
San José is the capital and largest city of Costa Rica. Located in the mid-west of the Central Valley, San José is the seat of national government, the focal point of political and economic activity, and the major transportation hub of this Central American nation
Bay of Fundy, Canada
The Bay of Fundy lies between Canada's Nova Scotia and New Brunswick provinces, and touches the U.S. state of Maine. It's known for extremely high tides, as at spots like New Brunswick's Hopewell Rocks. These eroded "flowerpot" formations stand in water or on dry land, depending on the time of day. The coastal Fundy Trail Parkway offers lookouts and beaches. Fundy National Park has trails through the Acadian Forest.
Teatro Nacional de Costa Rica
The National Theatre of Costa Rica is Costa Rica's national theatre, located in the central section of San José. Construction began in 1891, and it opened to the public on 21 October 1897 with a performance of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust.
Valparaiso, Chile
The important seaport and center of industry in Chile, "jewel of the pacific", WH since 2003 for vernacular landscape and architecture
Visa policy and high rejection rates in US
US has high rejection rates for many countries, holds travel bans
Vancouver; attractions
Vancouver, a bustling west coast seaport in British Columbia, is among Canada's densest, most ethnically diverse cities. A popular filming location, it's surrounded by mountains, and also has thriving art, theatre and music scenes. Vancouver Art Gallery is known for its works by regional artists, while the Museum of Anthropology houses preeminent First Nations collections, gastown, chinatown, stanley park,
Banff and Jasper National Parks; Canadian Rockies
With the Rocky Mountains stretched across them, Banff and Jasper National Parks are filled with dramatic, untamed wilderness. Rugged mountaintops scrape the skyline while enormous glaciers cling to their precipices. Glassy lakes flash emerald, turquoise and sapphire, filled by waterfalls tumbling down cliff faces and thundering through bottomless canyons. Deep forests blanket wide valleys and lofty alpine meadows explode with vibrant flowers. It's the scenery that you only expect to see on postcards, right here at your fingertips. And through it wander a cast of elusive wildlife characters such as bears, elk, moose, wolves and bighorn sheep
Orlando; fueled by tourism; conventions
a city in central Florida, is home to more than a dozen theme parks. Chief among its claims to fame is Walt Disney World, comprised of parks like the Magic Kingdom and Epcot, as well as water parks. Another major destination, Universal Orlando, offers Universal Studios and Islands of Adventure, with the Wizarding World of Harry Potter straddling both.
Everglades National Park
a huge area of wetlands in southern Florida, an American national park that protects the southern twenty percent of the original Everglades in Florida
Costa Rica; most visited in Central America (why?)
a popular nature travel destination, and its main competitive advantage is its well-established system of national parks and protected areas, covering around 23.4% of the country's land area, the largest in the world as a percentage of the country's territory, and home to a rich variety of flora and fauna, in a country that has only 0.03% of the world's landmass, but that is estimated to contain 5% of the world's biodiversity. The country also has plenty of beaches, both in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, within short travel distances, and also several volcanoes that can be visited with safety
problematic road networks; bus and tours in costa rica
a total of 95 percent of paved roads in Costa Rica are not of adequate quality or do not have the appropriate capacity to handle the current amount of traffic on any given day, only 4.5 percent of the country's roads are in "good" condition. Most of the roads - 62 percent - are in "poor" or "very poor" condition. The others are considered "regular.", dangerous for tourism
Churchill, Manitoba and polar bears
a town on Hudson Bay in the far north of Manitoba, Canada. It's best known for polar bears that inhabit the area in the fall, and safaris in raised, reinforced tundra vehicles allow for encounters in the wild. In summer, beluga whales are on view in the Churchill River. The area also offers the chance for wintertime Northern Lights visibility and seasonal bird-watching.
L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland
an archaeological site on the northernmost tip of the Great Northern Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Archaeological evidence of a Norse presence was discovered at L'Anse aux Meadows in the 1960s
Tropical climates in Costa Rica
an average temperature of 70 F to 81 F. Due to its proximity to the equator, it has no real summer or winter. It does however have a rainy season from May to November
Christ the redeemer in Rio
art deco stature of Jesus constructed between 1922 and 1931, 98 ft tall with arms 92 ft wide, stands on the peak of Corcovado Mountain
good trans infrastructure in south canada
better infrastructure in southern canada
Volcanic Landscape in costa rica
boasts at least 60 volcanoes, five of which are active (Poas Volcano, Irazu Volcano, Arenal Volcano, Rincon de la Vieja Volcano and Turrialba Volcano). This volcanic abundance comes courtesy of two tectonic plates - the Cocos Plate and the Caribbean Plate - that sit beneath the country's landmass
Coffee tourism in Costa Rica
coffee plantation tours popular here
Distinctive management challenges (Dark Tourism)
controversy, may be exploitative, may be dangerous
"Death, suffering, and the macabre"
dark tourism is referred to as the act of travel to sites associated with these
Chile's distinctive shape and influence on climate
different climates in different parts of Chile, long skinny shape, desert up north, mediterranean middle, oceanic sotuh
Atacama Desert
driest place on earth, rain shadow of Andes, highest desert in world, famous for harsh and varied landscapes
Favelas and Slum Tourism
extensive areas where people lack lack access to services such as clean water, waste disposal, and electricity, 700+ in city with ~20% of population, controversial govt. pacification program to lower crime, well known destination for slum tourism slum tourism; product at intersection of cultural, dark, and adventure tourism: famous destinations include india, south africa, and phillipines: gained popularity since 2000 with movies like Slumdog Millionaire: level of community involvement and benefit?: exploitive or educational?
high crime rate as barrier in brazil
higher rates of violent crime than most destinations, bottom 20 in homicide rates, 64,000 murdered in 2018 (highest ever), gang violence and drug trade
Southern Utah and NPs
home to five different national parks. These parks - Zion, Bryce Canyon, Capitol Reef, Canyonlands, and Arches - are collectively known as "The Mighty 5."
tropical climate in brazil
hot and humid, some areas have wet and dry seasons, tropical climate across most country
Grand Canyon National Park
in Arizona, is home to much of the immense Grand Canyon, with its layered bands of red rock revealing millions of years of geological history. Viewpoints include Mather Point, Yavapai Observation Station and architect Mary Colter's Lookout Studio and her Desert View Watchtower. Lipan Point, with wide views of the canyon and Colorado River, is a popular, especially at sunrise and sunset.
San Francisco; attractions
in northern California, is a hilly city on the tip of a peninsula surrounded by the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay. It's known for its year-round fog, iconic Golden Gate Bridge, cable cars and colorful Victorian houses. The Financial District's Transamerica Pyramid is its most distinctive skyscraper. In the bay sits Alcatraz Island, site of the notorious former prison.
Boston Freedom Trail
is a 2.5-mile-long (4.0 km) path through downtown Boston, Massachusetts, that passes by 16 locations significant to the history of the United States
Interstate System in the US; importance of car
is a network of controlled-access highways that forms part of the National Highway System in the United States.
Los Angeles; pop culture, beaches
is a sprawling Southern California city and the center of the nation's film and television industry. Near its iconic Hollywood sign, studios such as Paramount Pictures, Universal and Warner Brothers offer behind-the-scenes tours. On Hollywood Boulevard, TCL Chinese Theatre displays celebrities' hand- and footprints, the Walk of Fame honors thousands of luminaries and vendors sell maps to stars' homes.
lake district in chile
is a zone in Southern Chile defined by its many lakes in the Andean foothills. The term is primarily used in tourism literature and advertising, in Chile Zona Sur is preferred as a geographical concept
Walt Disney World Resort
is an entertainment complex in Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista, Florida, in the United States, near the cities Orlando and Kissimmee
Hawaii; attractions
is an isolated volcanic archipelago in the Central Pacific. Its islands are renowned for their rugged landscapes of cliffs, waterfalls, tropical foliage and beaches with gold, red, black and even green sands. Of the 6 main islands, Oahu has Hawaii's biggest city and capital, Honolulu, home to crescent Waikiki Beach and Pearl Harbor's WWII memorials.
Yosemite National Park
is in California's Sierra Nevada mountains. It's famed for its giant, ancient sequoia trees, and for Tunnel View, the iconic vista of towering Bridalveil Fall and the granite cliffs of El Capitan and Half Dome
Las Vegas; growth; gambling; entertainment
is the 28th-most populated city in the United States, the most populated city in the state of Nevada; is an internationally renowned major resort city, known primarily for its gambling, shopping, fine dining, entertainment, and nightlife
west edmonton mall, canada
is the largest shopping mall in North America, followed by King of Prussia Mall, and the 23rd largest in the world by gross leasable area. It was the world's largest mall until 200
Iguazu Falls
located on border of brazil and argentina, largest waterfall system in world, 275 drops, highest being 269 ft, WH site
link between population, tourism, and climate in canada
most tourists visit the provinces closest to US, better climate
Toronto Pearson International Airport as most important
most visited airport in Canada
Argentina
most visitors in Brazil come from this country
USA as primary generator in Canada
most visitors in Canada are from this country
Argentina as primary generator in Chile
most visitors in Chile come from this country
USA as primary generator in Costa Rica
most visitors in Costa Rica are from this country
primary international tourism generators in USA
mostly overseas, mexico and canada
Motivations of Dark Tourism; including Thanatology
motivations: a desire for actual or symbolic encounters with death thanatology: the scientific study of death and the practices associated with it, including the study of the needs of the terminally ill and their families
most visited states in US and why
new york, california, florida, nevada, hawaiian islands
problematic road network in brazil and why
only about 10% of all roads in country are paved, among most accident prone countries in world, few roads in Amazonia
Rapa Nui (Easter Island): Moai: overtourism
polynesian island in pacific- built almost 1000 Moai between 1000 and 1600s AD, rapid population decline from 17th centry, province with 7,700 residents, visited by 100,000/yr, WH site
beach tourism in brazil
popular tourism product, porto de galinhas
Decline of train use in US, HSR in future?
proposed hsr because of decline in train use
Impact of "america first" approach
refers to a foreign policy in the United States that emphasizes American nationalism and unilateralism.
Range of attractions (dark tourism)
sites associated with genocide, battlefields, murder, scary and taboo
famous animals in costa rica
sloth, capuchin monkey, spider monkey, howler monkey, toucan, frogs, ants
Spontaneous vs Intentional Creation (Dark Tourism)
spontaneous intentional: sanctification, designation, rectification, obliteration
Great Smoky Mountains National Park; most visited
straddles the border between North Carolina and Tennessee. The sprawling landscape encompasses lush forests and an abundance of wildflowers that bloom year-round. Streams, rivers and waterfalls appear along hiking routes that include a segment of the Appalachian Trail. An observation tower tops Clingmans Dome, the highest peak, offering scenic views of the mist-covered mountains.
Toronto; most populous; attractions
the capital of the province of Ontario, is a major Canadian city along Lake Ontario's northwestern shore. It's a dynamic metropolis with a core of soaring skyscrapers, all dwarfed by the iconic, free-standing CN Tower. Toronto also has many green spaces, from the orderly oval of Queen's Park to 400-acre High Park and its trails, sports facilities and zoo.
Earthquakes in Chile
the home of many large earthquakes
Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport
the world's busiest airport; located in Atlanta; named after Atlanta mayors William B. Hartsfield and Maynard Jackson
Yellowstone National Park; attractions
the world's first national park, opened in 1872, a nearly 3,500-sq.-mile wilderness recreation area atop a volcanic hot spot. Mostly in Wyoming, the park spreads into parts of Montana and Idaho too. features dramatic canyons, alpine rivers, lush forests, hot springs and gushing geysers, including its most famous, Old Faithful
Calgary Stampede
this spectacle is a combination agricultural fair and rodeo in the province of Alberta
moose as driving hazard in canada
when a car hits a moose, the impact is typically on the animal's long legs, causing its body to crash into the windshield and roof
amazon river/rainforest; nature tourism and consequences; famous animals
world's second longest river, but with largest basin (drains 40% of continent, 1/5 of world's river flow into oceans), highly navigable, many tourist cruises more than half of all rainforest remaining in the world, 2.1 mil square miles across 9 countries, largest WH site in center of Brazilian forest, tremendous biodiversity, problems with nature tourism, deforestation (cut for agriculture and infrastructure) animals; pink river dolphin jaguar giant river otter capybara harpy eagle green anaconda piranha
