Geography 105 Rowley Exam #1
What can landscape tell us?
"Culture is the agent, the natural area is the cultural landscape"
"Geography" comes from Greek roots and literally means?
"Earth writing"
1 Succinct Description of Geography?
"The Why of Where"
What is the definition of Human/Cultural Geography?
"The study spatial variations among cultural traits & the spatial functioning of society"
What is the definition of spatial?
"pertaining to space" and is a way of thinking of things(cultural or physical) in their certain contexts
What did European Colonialism do?
-shaped most of the worlds political borders -dispersed European ideas, products, and technology around the world -was fueled by the Industrial Revolution -involved conquering and taking over lands for resources and physical wealth of the colonizing nation
What are the 4 Geographic Views?
1-Character of places/regions 2-physical science 3-Spatial Analysis 4-Human Environment Analysis
What are the 3 branches of Geography?
1-Human 2-Physical 3-Technical
What are the 5 themes of Geographic Education?
1-Location 2-Place 3-Movement 4-Human/Environment Interaction 5-Region
What are the 2 perspectives?
1-Space 2-Place
What are the 6 essential elements of Geography?
1-the world in spatial terms 2-places®ions 3-Physical Systems 4-Human Systems 5-Environment&Society 6-Uses of Geography
What are the 3 perspectives on Cultural Ecology?
1:Relationships(people&the physical world) 2:Patterns(things exist on the physical world&how they affect us or how we affect them) 3:Possibilities(ex 4 million people can live in a city in AZ because of air conditioning)
What is the definition of Culture?
A body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that constitute a unique tradition within a group of people
What is the definition of Region?
A division of the earth based on a specific criteria
What is the definition of Culture Regions?
A division of the earth based on a specific criteria distinguishing it from surrounding areas ex:regions change over time, & boundaries are not necessarily exclusive nor distinct
What kind of diffusion took place after TV was introduced in Bhutan?
Contagious Diffusion
What are the 4 themes of Human/Cultural Geography?
Cultural Diffusion, Cultural Regions, Cultural Landscape, Cultural Ecology
True or False: The French province of Quebec in Canada has considered and moved toward succession, but like the American South, this is an issue that came to and end in the 1860s
False
True or false:The only place on the planet that has historically had deforestation problems and issues is the tropical climates
False
What are the 2 types of relationships?
Human-Human and Human-Environment
What is the definition of Globalization?
Increased linkages between cultures breaking down tradition barriers and making traditional boarders less meaningful
What is the definition of Material Culture?
Intangible things that represent the traits of a group ex: music, holidays
What do you think is the biggest positive impact of TV in Bhutan?
It's a way for them to get knowledge about the world around them
What is a great motivation and excuse for Westward Expansion in the United States?
Manifest Destiny
What is the definition of Material Culture?
Tangible things that represent the traits of a group ex-barn, food
What region contains the United States' second largest population center and is characterized by tectonic activity and rich agricultural lands?
The Pacific Coast
What are the 3 hearths from which came much of American culture as it expanded westward?
The South, New England, and the Mid-Atlantic
What is definition of Cultural Diffusion?
The geographic spreading or dissemination of ideas, innovations, and other phenomena
What happened to change the Bhutanese kingdom?
They brought TV- 45 channels $20/month
What is not a commonality between the US and Canada?
They do not have similar percentages of foreign-born population
True or False: Canada is bigger than the United States in land area but not population
True
What is not a United States influence around the world?
United States is not a vast and expanding colonial power
What are the United States influence around the world?
a dominant market force, only remaining superpower, a vast source of resources leading it to great power, a brand of its own that is desired the world over
What is the definition of Adaptation?
a modification of human vulnerability to minimize impacts from hazards
What is the definition of site?
a place's absolute location
What is the definition of absolute location?
a place's exact location on the earth's surface
What is the definition of Situation?
a place's relative location, or the location of a place in relation to other places
What is the definition of latitude?
an angular measurement from 0 to 90 north and south of the equator
What is the definition of Voluntary Region?
an area that defined by "self-selected groups of like-minded, mobile, atomistic(separate, disparate) individuals
What is the definition of Traditional Region?
an area that is "relatively self-contained, endogamous (marrying within a clan or tribe), stable, and of long duration"
What is the definition of Functional Region?
areas organized to operate around a common function ("shared purpose")
What is the definition of Vernacular Region?
areas perceived to exist by inhabitants ("shared perception")
What is the definition of weather?
atmospheric conditions of a place at a given time
What is the definition of climate?
atmospheric conditions of a place averaged over a long period of time
Why is it hotter in the northern hemisphere during the summer?
because during the summer the tilt of the earth leads to the northern hemisphere being tilted toward the sun making the sun's rays more direct in this part of the planet
Why is much of the United States dry?
because of the rain shadow effect, which occurs as precipitation is released as air rises on the windward slopes leaving very little moisture on the leeward (back side) slopes of mountain ranges
Why does migration from the rural areas to the city and from one country to another often occur?
because people are seeking to gain better economic opportunities and advantages
A significant portion of North America's population lives in _____?
cities
What is the definition of colonialism?
colonialism included taking over land and resources in a foreign place for the betterment and wealth of the colonizer
What is a key distinction between colonialism and neocolonialism?
colonialism included taking over land and resources in a foreign place for the betterment and wealth of the colonizer, whereas neocolonialism often involves corporations leveraging resources and labor in a foreign place to help the corporation grow wealthier
Many scientists have said that the earth is going through a warming trend now due to abnormal amounts of ___________ in the atmosphere
greenhouse gases
What is the definition of Vulnerability?
how susceptible humans are to an impact from a hazard (how much it may hurt)
What is the definition of Contagious Expansion Diffusion?
idea of culture spreading ex:music and slang
What brought on the second major wave of globalization?
improvements in information and technology
What is the definition of Placelessness?
loss of place identity as a result of uniformity in culture across space
What is the definition of neocolonialism?
often involves corporations leveraging resources and labor in a foreign place to help the corporation grow wealthier
What is a toponym?
place name
What is Geography?
relationships of people&places, connections across space&between regions, movement of people and ideas, interactions between humans&the physical world, particularity of place
What are examples of Voluntary Regions?
research towns-rocky mountains military towns-norfolk, VA college towns-lawrence,KS montane regions-Las Vegas, NV heliotropic(sun-seeking)regions-Phoenix, AZ prison towns-Leavenworth,KS
What are commonalities between the US and Canada?
similar developmental history, european colonial legacy, rooted in American popular culture and media, common tie to the American economy
What is NAFTA?
the North America Free Trade Agreement that allows for better economic ties and stable market access between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico
What is the definition of Distance Decay?
the farther away you are from something, the less it will impact you
What is the definition of relative location?
the location of a place in relation to other places
What is the definition of Hazard?
the potential threat to humans and their welfare(the possible cause of a loss) -when the earth is taking something from us(overuse, abuse, disaster)
What is the definition of risk?
the produceable exposure to a hazard or something valued by humans (the consequences of a hazard)
What is the definition of Culture Ecology?
the study of the interaction between people and the physical world
What is the definition of Physical Geography?
the study of the natural or physical landscape & its processes and the role it plays in the lives of human beings
What is the definition of Perception?
the way something or someone or some culture is thought to exist
Why is/was the Bhutanese kingdom "unspoiled"?
they had no technology, street lights, & fast food chains
What is the definition of Absorbing Barriers?
those that largely, if not completely, halt the spread of a cultural trait
What is the definition of Permeable Barriers?
those that limit an innovation or idea from full embrace in a culture ex: school uniforms-wearing colorful socks instead of black
What are examples of hazards?
tornadoes, hurricanes, drought, petroleum
What is the most biologically diverse ecological area?
tropical rain forest
Which of the following is NOT a reason, as we humans, should think about protection of the tropical rain forests?
tropical rain forests are good agricultural hearths for major, sustainable cash crops
What is the definition of Formal Region?
uniform areas inhabited by people who have one or more cultural trait in common ("starred trait")
What is the definition of Natural Landscape?
what we see outside that has not been affected by humans
What is the definition of Cultural Landscape?
what we see outside that is/has been affected by humans ex-brooklyn bridge
What is the definition of Stimulus Diffusion?
when an idea spreads through a culture, the innovation might be rejected-but the idea stays