Geography Final

Which statement is NOT a positive ripple effect of developing countries investing more resources in the education of females? A) Educated women are more likely to migrate to another country. B) The children of educated women are more likely to finish secondary school. C) The children of educated women are healthier. D) Educated women have fewer children, which helps the family financially.

A) Educated women are more likely to migrate to another country.

Which statement describes a feudal social system? A) Serfs cultivated pieces of land owned by nobles, who, in turn, provided military protection for serfs. B) Serfs, protected by knights, owned all land and controlled the profits generated in the cultivation of that land. C) Serfs controlled the government and were supported by the labors of aristocrats, who owned and worked the land. D) Nobles employed serfs to protect their lands against armies of knights who made a living pillaging lands cultivated by the nobles.

A) Serfs cultivated pieces of land owned by nobles, who, in turn, provided military protection for serfs.

Which statement is true of the wealth distribution in the Americas? A) There are wider disparities of wealth in Middle and South America than in any other world region. B) There are wider disparities of wealth in North America than Middle and South America. C) Compared to other world regions, wealth is distributed evenly in Middle and South America. D) There are wider disparities of wealth in North America than in any other world region.

A) There are wider disparities of wealth in Middle and South America than in any other world region.

Which Russian mountain range is CLOSEST to Russia's western border? A) Urals B) Kolymas C) E. Sayans D) Stanovoys

A) Urals

Europe's dominant position among world regions was reduced because of: A) World Wars I and II. B) colonialism. C) the Industrial Revolution. D) the Age of Exploration.

A) World Wars I and II.

After World War II, suburban growth accelerated greatly in North America as a result of: A) affordable automobiles. B) subsidized public transportation. C) the movement of business from the cities to the suburbs. D) foreign competition.

A) affordable automobiles.

Which factor was NOT a cause of the decline in manufacturing jobs in North America? A) higher pay and benefits and better working conditions, leading to decreased production costs B) free trade agreements C) technology and automation D) an overall decline in the demand for industrial production

A) higher pay and benefits and better working conditions, leading to decreased production costs

Possible results of global warming do NOT include: A) multinational corporations abruptly pulling out of developing nations. B) the disappearance of animal and plant species. C) more chaotic and severe weather. D) human populations displaced from coastal areas and low-lying islands.

A) multinational corporations abruptly pulling out of developing nations.

What mechanisms have national governments used to protect their economies and industries from foreign competition? A) tariffs and import quotas B) free trade blocs and export subsidies C) investment restrictions and increasing the value of their currency D) antitrust laws and import quotas

A) tariffs and import quotas

What was accomplished by the enactment of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494? A) the division of Middle and South America between Portugal and Spain B) the relinquishment by the Portuguese of all of their claims to land in the Americas C) an end to the great wars between Native Americans and European invaders D) the agreement between Britain and Spain to end the conflict over the Caribbean islands

A) the division of Middle and South America between Portugal and Spain

Which issue is NOT one facing West Europe today? A) the re-emergence of strong communist governments B) high unemployment C) social tensions generated by the influx of immigrants D) the need to increase global competitiveness

A) the re-emergence of strong communist governments

Which group does NOT suffer from disproportionately lower economic status and education? A) whites B) African Americans C) Hispanics or Latinos D) Native Americans

A) whites

_____ occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide fall to Earth as precipitation.

Acid rain

What is the term for the EU's examination of the issue of aging, and the development of three distinct dimensions of employment, social participation, and independent living?

Active Aging

The current geologic epoch in which humans have significantly altered the biosphere is called the _____.

Anthropocene

The world's driest desert is the _____ in northern Chile.

Atacama Desert

Which statement is NOT true of brain drain? A) It is often encouraged by families, who are likely to receive remittances from the people who move elsewhere. B) It only occurs from one country to another. C) It results in the loss of talented young people from areas that would benefit from their ambition and education. D) It can be experienced when people move from smaller towns to primate cities.

B) It only occurs from one country to another.

Suppose that a country's population pyramid is truly pyramid shaped, with a wide band at the bottom and a much narrower band at the top. What is the BEST description of the population of this country? A) There are many more women than men in the country. B) There are many more very young people than very old people in the country. C) The country's total fertility rate is probably about 1.5. D) The country is experiencing a low rate of migration.

B) There are many more very young people than very old people in the country.

Which description of most new immigrants to the United States is accurate? A) They commit crimes out of desperation. B) They tend to pay taxes. C) They use more public services than they pay for (through taxes). D) They are usually unemployed several months to years after arrival.

B) They tend to pay taxes.

Which statement is NOT true of the informal economy in Middle and South America? A) Most people in the informal economy work as street vendors or recyclers. B) Those working in the informal economy have the same sick leave and retirement benefits as those working in the formal economy. C) Workers in the informal economy do not pay taxes on their wages. D) The informal economy can sometimes serve as an incubator for new businesses.

B) Those working in the informal economy have the same sick leave and retirement benefits as those working in the formal economy.

_____ refers to short-term changes in temperature and other factors, while _____ is a long- term balance of temperature and precipitation. A) Climate; weather B) Weather; climate C) Meteorology; weather D) Global warming; climate change

B) Weather; climate

Which goal is among the core ideas of the EU? A) strengthen boundaries to increase productivity rates independently within member countries B) achieve economic and social integration C) increase tariffs on European goods to generate funds for the welfare system D) build power among European states to combat communism

B) achieve economic and social integration

Shifting cultivation refers to an agricultural system in which: A) ownership of crops shifts from the people to the government. B) agricultural plots are harvested and then left for several years to regenerate. C) agriculture moves from one section of a country to another. D) men decide to pursue hunting activities and shift crop production to women.

B) agricultural plots are harvested and then left for several years to regenerate.

What action did the Spanish colonial government take in response to the widespread death of Native Americans due to disease, malnutrition, and inhumane treatment? A) enacted major social reforms that greatly altered the colonial system B) imported slaves from Africa to take the place of the dead C) left their colonies in Middle and South America to found new ones in the Pacific D) eliminated colonial policies that were causing these deaths

B) imported slaves from Africa to take the place of the dead

Geography as a discipline links the _____ with the _____. A) city; state B) physical sciences; social sciences C) study of biology; study of sociology D) people; government

B) physical sciences; social sciences

Cartographers solve the problem of showing the spherical Earth on a flat piece of paper by using: A) lines of latitude. B) projections C) globes instead of flat maps. D) degrees, minutes, and seconds.

B) projections

The passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has had which effect? A) considerable decline in trade between the United States and Canada B) reduction and removal of tariffs between Mexico, the United States, and Canada C) rising corruption in Canada due to United States and Mexican firms who have relocated there D) sharp decline in the flow of Mexican migrants into North America

B) reduction and removal of tariffs between Mexico, the United States, and Canada

Which factor represents an asymmetry between the United States and Canada? A) ethnic diversity B) size of economy C) size of territory D) political traditions

B) size of economy

Which factor is NOT one of the components of the EU's active aging strategy? A) valuing employment productivity and appreciating older workers B) staying more years at work, and working longer hours C) encouraging social participation through paid or volunteer work in the community D) remaining fit and healthy and independent

B) staying more years at work, and working longer hours

The chief source of river pollution in North America is: A) nuclear waste. B) storm-water runoff. C) mudslides. D) limestone and quartz.

B) storm-water runoff.

Which definition BEST describes the meaning of the term gentrification? A) the process by which dense nodes form B) the process by which affluent people invest in run-down urban areas, displacing the poor from the neighborhood C) the process by which several cities sprawl into each other D) the process by which farmland is converted into housing developments

B) the process by which affluent people invest in run-down urban areas, displacing the poor from the neighborhood

The highest and most central part of the major European mountain range is known as the: A) Pyrenees. B) Balkans. C) Alps. D) Urals.

C) Alps.

Which mountain chain is the oldest in North America, and hence the most eroded? A) American Rockies B) Canadian Rockies C) Appalachians D) Sierra Madres

C) Appalachians

Which statement is TRUE regarding China's interest in Middle and South America? A) Chile and Brazil's spectacular growth has been based mainly on trade of finished products to China. B) China's influence is growing, but it is not yet a very large trading partner in much of the region. C) China's interest has mostly been in the export of raw materials from Middle and South America. D) China is likely to dramatically increase its imports in the coming years.

C) China's interest has mostly been in the export of raw materials from Middle and South America.

Which statement does NOT explain why the average European uses less energy than the average North American? A) European communities are denser, so more people walk or bicycle (rather than drive cars). B) Europeans tend to live in smaller dwellings. C) European waste systems are based more on septic systems than sewer systems. D) Europeans drive smaller, more fuel-efficient cars.

C) European waste systems are based more on septic systems than sewer systems.

What city now lies on the ruins of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán? A) Lima B) Medellín C) Mexico City D) Bogotá

C) Mexico City

Which statement is TRUE of drugs and politics in North America? A) The United States is the world's largest exporter of illegal drugs. B) Drug overdoses are the second leading cause of accidental death in the United States. C) Racial bias in drug-related incarceration has resulted in far longer prison terms for crack cocaine than for powder cocaine. D) The current prime minister of Canada was elected on a platform that included increased criminalization of marijuana.

C) Racial bias in drug-related incarceration has resulted in far longer prison terms for crack cocaine than for powder cocaine

Which statement is TRUE? A) Middle and South America occupied an advantaged position in global trade after initial contact with Europe. B) Middle and South America were able to advance economic development within the region with the large profits garnered from supplying Europe and North America with raw materials. C) The negative environmental impacts of the region's extractive industries have largely been ignored. D) The region of Middle and South America has few natural resources to draw in outside interest.

C) The negative environmental impacts of the region's extractive industries have largely been ignored.

The MOST common way for shantytown dwellers across the globe to get water is through: A) a household faucet. B) streams running on the outskirts of the city. C) a communal spigot. D) purified water sent in by global relief agencies.

C) a communal spigot

Which example illustrates a transaction taking place in the informal economy? A) a company paying a payroll tax for each employee B) a government agency offering a contract to the lowest bidder C) a housekeeper who is paid in cash and does not report her income D) a small U.S. company outsourcing tech support work to a company in India

C) a housekeeper who is paid in cash and does not report her income

The physical geography of Europe is BEST described as: A) an island region, separated from the landmass of Asia by large rivers. B) a plateau, raised up from sea level and surrounded by steep cliffs with few beaches and largely unnavigable rivers. C) a large peninsula, emerging from the western edge of the Eurasian continent, made up of many smaller peninsulas. D) a vast lowland covered with swampy areas, extending to the foot of the Ural Mountains.

C) a large peninsula, emerging from the western edge of the Eurasian continent, made up of many smaller peninsulas.

Which factor is NOT a result of fair trade policies? A) elimination of profits for intermediaries/middlemen B) improved working conditions for laborers C) increased investor profits D) living wages for workers

C) increased investor profits

The leading cause of death among girls between the ages of 15 and 19 worldwide is: A) food poisoning. B) lack of drinking water. C) pregnancy. D) heart disease.

C) pregnancy

The form of alternative energy that has been rapidly growing in Europe is: A) ethanol-based power. B) nuclear power. C) solar power. D) hydroelectric power.

C) solar power.

The mountain chain that extends along the western edge of Middle and South America is known as _____ in Mexico and as _____ in South America. A) the Appalachians; the Rockies B) the Montanas; the Tierras C) the Sierra Madre; the Andes D) the Andes; the Fuegos

C) the Sierra Madre; the Andes

1. Central to the study of geography are the questions _____ and _____. A) who; when B) why; how C) where; why D) how many; when

C) where; why

In 1492, roughly _____ Native Americans lived in North America. By 1907, about _____ remained. A) 10 million; 4 million B) 20 million; 10 million C) 25 million; 1 million D) 18 million; 400,000

D) 18 million; 400,000

Seawater remains in the Mediterranean Sea for approximately _____ before it flows back into the Atlantic Ocean. A) 8 days B) 8 months C) 8 years D) 80 years

D) 80 years

Which statement is TRUE regarding the high-tech industry today? A) It generally depends on a pool of low-skilled labor. B) It has led to the increased economic development of previously rural areas. C) It is considered part of the manufacturing/industrial economic sector. D) Businesses are often located near major universities or research institutions.

D) Businesses are often located near major universities or research institutions.

Which statement regarding air pollution and its effects in Central and North Europe is NOT true? A) Mines produce highly polluting soft coal. B) Acid rain has destroyed forests, contaminated soils, and raised water pollution to deadly levels. C) Residents have higher rates of birth defects and cancer. D) Effects have been lessened based on the model, promoted by the Soviet Union, regarding people's relationship with nature.

D) Effects have been lessened based on the model, promoted by the Soviet Union, regarding people's relationship with nature.

Which statement accords with the theory of global warming? A) Deforestation reduces the release of carbon dioxide, causing more atmospheric combustion. B) The burning of fossil fuels decreases levels of carbon dioxide, preventing natural ionic cooling. C) The sun is burning hotter and has increased rates of evaporation, and thus has a reduced rate of global daily cooling. D) Levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are increasing and trapping the sun's heat.

D) Levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are increasing and trapping the sun's heat.

Suppose that Country A has a TFR of 4.5 and Country B has a TFR of 1.3. Which statement BEST summarizes the population trend in these countries? A) There is a higher birth rate in Country B than in Country A. B) More people are migrating from Country A than from Country B. C) The rate of natural increase in Country A is higher than in Country B. D) More babies are being born in Country A than in Country B.

D) More babies are being born in Country A than in Country B.

Which group was NOT targeted for execution in the Holocaust? A) homosexuals B) the mentally ill C) Jews D) Muslims

D) Muslims

Which statement is TRUE regarding the geographic distribution of social protection systems in the EU? A) North Europe has the most poorly funded social protections in the region. B) West Europe assists those in need but does not try to promote upward mobility. C) The former Soviet bloc countries spend most of their GDP on social protection. D) North Europe funds child care, in part to help women enter the labor market and to give all children a certain common set of values.

D) North Europe funds child care, in part to help women enter the labor market and to give all children a certain common set of values.

Which statement is NOT true of the Amazon? A) The Amazon Basin lies mostly within Brazil. B) The source of the Amazon River is found in the Andes. C) Twenty percent of Earth's flowing waters exist in the Amazon Basin. D) The Amazon Basin has relatively low biodiversity.

D) The Amazon Basin has relatively low biodiversity.

Between the North European Plain and the Central Siberian Plateau is the: A) Irkutsk Basin. B) Northeast China Plain. C) Kolyma Mountain Range. D) West Siberian Plain.

D) West Siberian Plain.

As countries become more democratic, individuals gain more rights. These rights typically do NOT include the right to: A) protest government policies. B) take action against injustice. C) marshal public support for particular programs. D) engage in free and unrestricted trade.

D) engage in free and unrestricted trade.

What is the term often used to refer to the mixed cultures of Middle and South America? A) indigenous B) Latin C) Cajun D) mestizo

D) mestizo

Which factor represents a similarity between the United States and Canada? A) size of population B) foreign policy priorities C) size of economy D) political traditions

D) political traditions

A factor that does NOT contribute to the heavy air pollution over the North European Plain is: A) large population. B) dense transport routes. C) heavy industry. D) radioactive particles created by nuclear energy.

D) radioactive particles created by nuclear energy.

The term used to describe the fact that poor minorities usually do not have access to computers and the Internet is the _____.

Digital Divide

The Londoners who sneakily plant flowers by night in traffic islands and roundabouts are known as the _____.

Guerrilla Gardeners

What term is used to describe immigrants who have been invited to Europe to fill empty positions in the labor market?

Guest Workers

The North Atlantic Drift is the easternmost end of: A) the jet stream. B) the Gulf Stream. C) plate tectonic activity. D) El Niño.

Gulf Stream

The warm ocean current that flows up the eastern seaboard of North America from the tropics is called the _____.

Gulf Stream

The philosophy known as _____ emphasized the dignity and worth of the individual regardless of wealth or social status.

Humanism

What is the name of the industrialization strategy that results in the replacement of imported goods by those produced domestically?

Import substitution industrialization

The drier side of a mountain range is said to be in the _____.

Leeward Side

What is the name for the factories located in Mexico along the U.S. border?

Maquiladoras

_____ is the strategy for increasing a country's power and wealth by acquiring colonies and managing all aspects of their production and trade for the colonizer's benefit.

Mercantilism

In what present-day country had the Aztecs established an extensive and sophisticated civilization at the time of the Europeans' arrival in Middle and South America?

Mexico

The most extensive land formation in Europe is the _____.

North European Plain

The largest aquifer in North America is the _____ aquifer.

Ogallala Aquifer

The practice of sending U.S. IT jobs overseas, where the costs of labor are much lower, is called _____.

Outsourcing

The amount that a local currency equivalent of U.S.$1 will purchase in a given country is a measure of _____.

PPP- Purchasing Power Parity

The term used to describe a range of policies aimed at decreasing urban sprawl and making existing urban areas more livable is _____.

Smart growth

The services provided by the government such as welfare, unemployment benefits, and health care that prevent people from falling into extreme poverty are called _____.

Social Safety Net

Unlike Canada and the United States, Middle and South America have had a long colonial history in which most of the countries were at one time under the rule of which European power? A) France B) Spain C) Great Britain D) Portugal

Spain

Which two European powers vied for colonial supremacy in Middle and South America?

Spain and Portugal

The study of how people, objects, or ideas are related to one another across space is called _____.

Spatial Analysis

What term refers to the system via which climates in Middle and South America are divided?

Temperature Altitude Zones

What is the name of the supranational institution that includes most countries of Europe and will create a common market among them?

The European Union

What was the name of the indigenous empire that made its home in parts of the present-day countries of Colombia, Chile, and Argentina?

The Inca Empire

The period of conflict and tension between the United States and the Soviet Union was known as the _____.

The cold war

What social institution was introduced to address the huge inequities in well-being exacerbated through industrialization by guaranteeing the basic necessities of life for all people?

The welfare State

The large relocation of Native Americans in the 1830s, marked by more than 4000 deaths as the Native Americans moved to Oklahoma, was called the _____.

Trail of Tears

Underground water basins are called _____.

aquifers

The number of people a given place can support sustainably is its _____.

carrying capacity

What was the primary cause of widespread death among the Native American population after the arrival of Europeans?

disease

_____ encourages visitors from developed countries to appreciate ecosystems and wildlife that do not exist in their part of the world.

ecotourism

What term refers to the systematic attempt to kill all members of an ethnic or religious group?

genocide

The strategies that countries use to ensure that their own interests are served in relations with other countries are collectively known as _____.

geopolitics

What is the name given to the jobs and activities that are not officially recognized and taxed by the state government?

informal economy jobs

A social or political construct based solely on superficial characteristics such as skin color or face shape is called _____.

race

What term is used to describe an association of neighboring countries based on a free trade agreement, such as ASEAN in Southeast Asia?

regional trade blocs

The term used to describe a nation's right to conduct its internal affairs as it sees fit, without interference from the outside, is _____.

sovereignty

What is the name of the military organization formed to counterbalance the Soviet Union and its eastern European allies?

the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

What term refers to the extent to which the money earned by exports is exceeded by the amount of money spent on imports?

trade surplus