Geography Final: Exam 1 & 2
Gross domestic Product
the total of all goods and services produced in the economy during a given year
In 1492, roughly _____ Native Americans lived in North America. by 1907, about ______ remained.
18 Million, 400,000
The 5% of the world's population lives in North America produces what share of the greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere?
26%
By 2008 as predicted by the United Nation, what percentage of the earth's population now lives in cites?
50%
What led to the ecological disaster of the 1930s in the Great Plains region?
A drought combined with dust storms that blew away the topsoil
Functional Region
A region that is defined by political, social, or economic activities.
Mercantilism
A way if gaining political and economic power by obtaining colonies and controlling their goods. This has certainly benefited European countries; specifically Britain.
Approximately what percent of the North American population is employed in agriculture?
About 2%
Developing nations are usually characterized by ______ economies, while developed nations are usually characterized by the presence of _______ industries.
Agricultural, service
Suppose you are on the beach at night, and you experience a breeze blowing from the land out to the ocean. This breeze is caused by:
Air flowing from the cooling land onto the relatively warmer water.
Where is most manufacturing, called Maquiladoras, located in Mexico?
Along the U.S. border
Which of the following do not describe Europe climate types?
Arid and Semiarid climate
The Benelux also called Low Countries is comprised of
Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherlands
Which of the following relationships is accounted for the rate of natural increase?
Birth rates and death rates in a given population
Which of the following is an accurate description of the area of North America known as the New England Colonies?
By the 1700s, diverse industries were supplying markets in North America and also exporting to British plantations in the Caribbean.
What does the term "Liberation Theology" refer to in South America?
Catholic activists emphasize the redistribution of wealth
What term refers to the practice of immigrants from a common region settling near each other in their new country?
Chain Migration
The _______ is an EU program that places tariffs on imported agricultural goods and give subsidies to farmers
Common Agricultural Program
The relationship between Canada and the US is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
Conflicting
Country X has a death rate of 15 and a birth rate of 40, while Country Y has a birth rate of 20 and a death rate of 9. Which country has a higher natural increase rate?
Country X
What is the primary cause of contemporary population growth in the countries of middle and south America?
Decreasing mortality
Structural adjustment policies in Middle/South America in the 1980s were based on all of the following concepts, EXCEPT:
Democratization
Which of the following factors holds that expansion of European capitalism created Latin American condition of underdevelopment
Dependency theory
Which of the following statements describes a feudal social system (Feudalism)?
Developed as a result of frequent invasions in western Europe
The creation of the EU formalizes which of the following processes?
Economic integration of Europe
Which of the following best explains the high standard of living maintained by Europe's densely populated states?
Europe has exceeded its own resource base and depends on global resources
Despite much economic, political, and cultural diversity among the countries of Middle and South America, which one of the following characteristics do they have in common?
Experience as colonies of Europe
In which sector of the following economy is agriculture?
Extraction
Aerial Photographic is computerized system designed for the storage, retrieval and analysis of geographically referenced data
False
After defeating Germany is 1945, it was divided and the USA, France and Britain together created the German Democratic Republic
False
Roman, Germanic, and Slavic languages account for 50% of Indo-European Speech Group
False
The hegemony of the British is defined as a regulation of economic activities in the colonies, then, centered on the accumulation of wealth for the European powers, at the colonies' expense.
False
With 36.29 million people living in Canada, 27% of them live within 100 miles of the U.S. border
False
The Mid-Atlantic region of North America offered all of the following EXCEPT:
Fewer people than New England
What term describes rainfall caused by the interaction of large air masses of different temperatures and densities?
Frontal precipitation
______ regions are characterized by a focus in some activity, while _______ regions are characterized by a clear defined boundary.
Functional; Formal
Three groups of Islands in the Caribbean
Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Bahamas
Which of the following measures indicates the total value of all the goods and services recognized as produced in a country during a given year?
Gross domestic product
Development may decrease human well-being by:
Having negative effects on the environment.
The following statement describes the Pillars of the European Union EXCEPT
High quality of living standard
The U.S. __________ has made possible the dispersal of industry and related services into suburban and rural locales across the country.
Interstate highway system
A country is undergoing demographic transition. This means that the country:
Is moving from high birth and death rates to much lower birth and death rates.
The Caribbean Islands
Jamaica and the Bahamas belong to the British Commonwealth
Union European Council comprises all
Leaders of the EU countries (Presidents, Prime Ministers, and Chancellors) get together to set Europe's general strategy.
Which of the following describes the term Comarca?
Loosely defined territory, where Indians have political and resource control
Which of the following is responsible for the negative rate of natural increase in Europe?
Low birth rates
Which statement best describes the human landscape of Middle and South America just before its encounter with the Europeans?
Many people were living in socially organized, technologically advanced cities
Systematic representation of the three-dimensional Earth surface on a two-dimensional flat surface is called:
Map Projection
What is the name given to the set of values that governs the activities and movements of females in South America?
Marianismo
Continental divide
Marks the separation between rivers flowing eastward and westward
What is the name of the regional free trade alliance between the countries of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay?
Mercusor
Close to 80% of North Americans now live in
Metropolitan areas
Suppose that Country A has a Total Fertility Rate of 4.5 and Country B has a TFR of 1.3. Which statement best summarizes the population trend in these countries?
More babies are being born in Country A than country B
Which of the Following describe the term Isthmus?
Narrow strip of land that has water on both sides and joins two larger bodies of land
What factors explain the rapid conquest of Middle and South America by Spain and Portugal?
Native Americans were vulnerable to diseases introduced by Europe
The period of human history characterized by the expansion of agriculture and the making of polished stone tools is the:
Neolithic Revolution
Which statement most accurately describes the impact on the Native American population of the diseases that were introduced by Europeans to Middle and South America?
Ninety percent died within 150 years of first contact with Europeans
Scandinavian Peninsula in Europe is composed of:
Norway and Sweden
Orographic rainfall`
Orographic rainfall is when a warm air front makes its way up a mountain range, causing it to cool, condense, and become precipitation.
What is the name of the Spaniard who conquered the Incan Empire?
Pizarro
Following the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, ______ took all the lands to the east of the demarcation point, and ______ took all the lands to the west.
Portugal, Spain
Most of the countries in Latin America rely heavily on:
Primary Economic activity
The passage of the North American Free Trade Act (NAFTA) has had which of the following effects?
Reduction and removal of tariffs between Mexico, the United States, and Canada
Ecological Footprint
Resources needed to sustain a certain standard of living
The push/pull phenomenon of urbanization pushes people out of _______ and pulls them into _______.
Rural areas, cities
Which of the following describes the principal migration trend in Middle and South America?
Rural-to-urban movements
Which of the following statements best summarizes the story of how humans first came to North America?
Small bands of hunters came from eastern Siberia by crossing the Bering land bridge
If a ship's position is given as 0 degrees latitude and 27 degrees west longitude or east longitude. Where from this information do you believe for sure the ship is located?
Somewhere along the equator
The chief source of river pollution in North America is
Storm-water runoff
Geopolitics
Strategic ways in which countries gain territories, resources, and political power.
Which of the following is NOT true about the spread of Islam to Europe
Switzerland by Iran
Tourism alone provides 50% GDP and directly or indirectly employs 40% of the population in:
The Bahamas
Which of the following is NOT part of the greater Antilles?
The Bahamas
New York City obtains most of its water from:
The Catskill Mountains
The rivalry in North America between France and England led to:
The French and Indian War.
The term used after WWII to describe the long, fortified border zone between Western Europe and Eastern Europe is:
The Iron Curtain
What feature on the physical landscape CANNOT be explained by the theory of plate tectonics?
The Mississippi River delta
Which of the following is largely responsible for the warm and wet climate of northwestern Europe?
The North Atlantic Drift
What region of the United States is considered the most populated?
The Northeast and Great Lakes
What accord is following a free movement of people across intra-European Union border?
The Schengen Accord
Which of the following premises best supports the theory of plate tectonics?
The earth's surface is made up of large plates that float on molten rock.
Sustainable Development
The effort to improve living conditions in order to prevent future generations from suffering.
What is the meaning of the term sustainable development?
The effort to improve present standards of living without jeopardizing those of future generations
Replacement Level
The fertility rate required to maintain a certain population
Trail of tears
The forced relocation of Native Americans from the East of the US to the south. Over 400,000 natives died due to freezing conditions.
Why didn't Export Processing Zones produce the sustained economic growth that was expected to relieve debt crisis?
The maquiladoras could not compete with the low cost of labor in China
What statement best reflects the European standard of acceptance for immigrants?
The need for assimilation being replaced by the need for acculturation
What was accomplished by the enactment of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
The peaceful division of Middle and South America between Portugal and Spain
What term refers to the highest temperature-altitude zone about 12,000 feet in South America?
Tierra helada
What is the primary reason the Eu formed?
To prevent war by becoming unified. They joined their steel/coal industries to prevent war.
In Antigua and Barbuda, tourism has a direct contribution of 13% GDP and affects growth in many other sectors
True
Population growth depends on rates of birth, death, immigration, and emigration.
True
Replacement level is the amount of fertility needed to keep the population the same from generation to generation
True
The EU depend on nuclear power for 30% of their total needs
True
Urban Sprawl
When a low-density city begins to expand. This process removes farmland and is detrimental to the environment.
Megalopolis
When urban sprawl causes two large cities to connect, creating a mega-city.
Demographic Transition
change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
Canada's cold climate is related to:
its location in the far north latitudes