geography hw 8

How are elastic rebound and elastic deformation different?

Elastic deformation causes objects to bend, while rebound causes objects to return to their original shape.

The San Andreas system in California is an example of a

both a strike-slip and transform fault.

Compressional stress along a fault resulting in rocks moving upward along the fault plane is an example of a

reverse fault.

A gently sloping mountain landform built from effusive eruptions is known as a

shield volcano.

Which phrase describes the type of deformation experienced by rocks before an earthquake?

slow deformation

Elastic deformation before an earthquake is like _______, while rupture is like______

stretching a rubber band/breaking a rubber band

In a normal fault, the hanging wall drops (moves downward) relative to the footwall. true/false

true

Volcanic activity located away from plate boundaries is associated with

hot spots.

The phrase "considerable-to-serious damage to buildings" would be used in the ________ scale.

Modified Mercalli Intensity

What will happen to a straight fence that undergoes elastic deformation prior to an earthquake?

The fence will bend in the direction of strain.

Folded layers of rock can form a wavelike pattern of troughs and crests. The layers near the crest (i.e. the upward fold) form

an anticline.

Large, basin-shaped depressions that form when summit materials on a volcanic mountain collapse inward after an eruption or loss of magma are known as

calderas.

Explosive eruptions tend to build up

composite volcanoes.

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched? a)Compression — shortening or folding b)Tension — normal fault c)Tension — stretching or faulting d)Shearing — stretching or faulting

d

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of tectonic activity that causes orogenesis along convergent boundaries? a)Oceanic plate-continental plate collision b)Continental plate-continental plate collision c)Oceanic plate-oceanic plate collision d)all of the above

d

The area at the surface directly above the subsurface location where seismic waves are initiated is termed the

epicenter.

A seismic gap refers to ruptures in the land surface that result from an earthquake. true/false?

false

A tall, conically-shaped volcanic peak is generally the result of effusive eruptions. true/false

false

Terranes refer to

fragmented crustal material from one plate and accreted to another plate.

Tensional stress along a fault can result in a dropped hanging-wall block relative to the footwall side, producing a

normal fault.