Geography of Europe Midterm
European governments have enacted all of following population policies except: Cash supplements to new parents. 1-child policy. Childcare services. Paid maternity leave.
1-child policy
On average, what percentage of Europeans live in urban areas?
75
What is the Demographic Transition model?
A model that explains why countries go through predictable stages of population growth.
Monarchs in the 17th century wanted cities to reflect the grandeur of their presence and their divine right to rule. Space was made for parade grounds, plazas, triumphal archways, gardens, and statues in a style known as:
Absolutism.
What sort of protections does the European Union provide today?
Acceptance of many languages. Freedom of religion. Protected designation of origin for agricultural products. Subsidies to preserve historic sites.
What was the main urban planning issue in Western Europe in the 1950s and 1960s?
Addressing traffic congestion brought on by the economic recovery after World War II.
When did carbon dioxide levels most recently drop in Europe?
After the Black Death reduced population in the 1340s.
What best describes the economic status of Europe today?
Age of High Mass Consumption.
Compared to Western Europe, Eastern European countries tend to earn relatively high percentages of their GDP from what activity?
Agriculture
Which of the following is an Indo-European language?
Albanian
In the 800s AD, new crops like citrus fruits, cotton, Asiatic rice, banana, watermelon, spinach, sorghum, aubergine, and sugar cane started to be grown in Spain and Sicily. What was the cause of this?
Arab invasions of these regions starting in the 700s AD.
What industry is used in the textbook to demonstrate the concept of economic "drive to maturity"?
Automobiles
Why is population growth generally stagnant during the first phase of the Demographic Transition model?
Birth and death rates are high.
What is the status of Europe's native population fertility rates?
Birth rates are falling below replacement level.
Why does population growth start to increase in the second phase of the Demographic Transition model?
Birth rates remain high but death rates start to drop.
At least 25% of the population in Europe died in the mid-14th century due to:
Black Death (plague)
What are Europe's oldest mountain ranges?
Caledonian Mountains of Scandinavia and the British Isles.
Why are some locations in Europe much more populous than their surrounding areas can support agriculturally?
Capital cities are huge immigration magnets.
What is the most abundant greenhouse gas, which has been increasing since the Industrial Revolution?
Carbon Dioxide
Which of the following, general language-region associations in Europe is incorrect? Germanic in the north. Slavic in the east. Romance in the south. Celtic in the east.
Celtic in the east.
Which area of Europe was best endowed with coal and iron?
Central and Western Europe
All of the following statements about Central Place Theory are correct except: All urban types are nested in a hierarchy with specific goods and services available at each level. Circular market areas are preferred. People are assumed to travel to the nearest center that provides the goods or services they required. There are many more smaller places (hamlets, villages) than large places (town, cities).
Circular market areas are preferred.
The 2016 Paris Accord was formed to combat what issue?
Climate Change
What caused most of the environmental damage in Europe over the past 300 years?
Climate Change.
Muslim migrants to Europe from former colonies have tended to:
Cluster in poor sectors of the cities, and not assimilate.
What natural resource was the predominant source for both industrial steam power and of heating homes in the 1800s?
Coal
After the invention of the steam engine, manufacturing tended to cluster in what locations?
Coal Fields
Why did most coal fields become industrial centers in the 1800s?
Coal is heavy, dirty, bulky, and difficult to move.
Where did the Industrial Revolution first develop in Europe in the late 1700s?
Coalfields of Britain
In the 1500s AD, new crops like tomatoes, beans, squashes, potatoes, maize (corn), and avocadoes started to be grown throughout Europe. What was the cause of this?
Columbian Exchange.
Weather in Europe is highly variable because:
Competing tropical and polar air masses are constantly colliding.
What grain crop was not historically grown in Europe but became an important one after the Columbian Exchange?
Corn
All of the following are notable environmental issues in Europe except: Acid rain from burning coal Soil and water contamination from textile and chemical factories. Deforestation of tropical rainforests. Air pollution form industrialization.
Deforestation of tropical rainforests.
The Hanseatic League formed in northern Europe in the 13th century in order to:
Develop common trade rule
Death rates began to decline in Europe in the 18th century for all of the following reasons except: Discovery of wheat in 1770. Food production increased due to crop rotation, manuring, and an influx of crops from other parts of the world. Better sanitation. Food supply systems improved (ex. transformation)
Discovery of wheat in 1770.
Which of the following is not a Celtic language? Breton Welsh English Gaelic
English
What vegetation type grows in the Mediterranean area of Europe?
Evergreen broadleaf and deciduous woodland.
Western European cities have pursued all of the following measures to reduce traffic congestion except: Creating pedestrian shopping zones. Expanding the number of free parking places. Employing traffic marshals to restrict automobile access. Improving public transportation.
Expanding the number of free parking places.
While most forms of sharing resources have been successful under the EU, which one has not succeeded and in fact is part of the reason Iceland and Norway are not members?
Fish
After WWII, the majority of migrants into European cities have come from:
Former colonies in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and the Caribbean.
Which of the following is not an example of environmental concerns in Europe? France wants to export more croissants. Denmark requires drink containers to be reusable to reduce pollution. Acid rain threatens Germany's forests. Rising sea levels threaten the Netherlands.
France wants to export more croissants.
In von Thunen's agricultural land use model, which crops are grown closest to the center of the market town?
Fruits, vegetables, and dairy.
What country became a leader in technological innovations in industry and in higher education in the 1800s in Europe?
Germany
As one travels from west to east across Europe, the climate:
Gets colder and drier.
Which of the following is not a Romance language derived from early Latin? Greek Italian Spanish French
Greek
By the 1980s, what had become the main outcome of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU?
Huge surpluses, high levels of subsidies, and yet still-high food prices.
At 94%, this is Europe's most urban country:
Iceland
Which major population policy generates the most debate in Europe today?
Immigration
Where are population densities the highest in Europe?
In the West
What caused the relative decrease in the importance of agriculture in Europe in the 1800s?
Increase of industrialization.
Which of the following did not result from the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)? Overproduction of agricultural products. Increased fishing stocks in the Atlantic Ocean. Field sized increased at the expense of wildlife habitats. Increased mechanization and higher fertilizer inputs.
Increased fishing stocks in the Atlantic Ocean.
In the 19th century, what stimulated a rapid rise in urbanism in Europe?
Industrialization.
Which of the following, general religion-region associations in Europe is incorrect: Islam in the British Isles Catholicism in the south. Lutheranism (Protestantism) in the north. Orthodox in the east.
Islam in the British Isles.
What is notable about the Mediterranean climate?
It has long, hot, dry summers and wet winters.
What activity most contributes to the increase of methane in the atmosphere?
Livestock raising.
A significant wave of migration from Eastern to Western Europe occurred after 2004 because
Many Eastern European countries joined the European Union that year.
Which of the following is not a major plains region of Europe: Danubian Plain European Plain Massif Central The Steppes
Massif Central
Which cultural traits in Europe are hard to connect to a specific source area?
Modern democracies from the ancient Greeks.
What was the main outcome of the Common Fisheries Policy of the EU?
Modernized fishing fleets depleted fishing stocks in the Atlantic and North Seas.
All of the following were notable Roman construction projects except: Extensive roads. Mosques and Synagogues. Fortified towns and walled cities. Aqueducts and canals.
Mosques and Synagogues.
While small towns have generally survived and grown in Europe since WWII, all of the following things have happened to smaller towns except: Most residents commute to cities to work and shop. Hospitals and schools have closed. Many shops and businesses have closed. Most residents have returned to farming to make a living.
Most residents have returned to farming to make a living.
In central and western Europe, after WWII many towns were developed on the outskirts of the historic city centers. These are known as:
New Towns
In 1800, how many European countries had urban majorities?
None
Where is environmental activism the strongest in Europe?
Northwest Europe
What is the difference between a nucleated and a dispersed rural settlement in Europe?
Nucleated settlements have a small cluster of buildings providing a few services; dispersed settlements do not.
In Holland, New Towns have largely been built:
On reclaimed land called "polders" in the Zuider Zee.
What empire controlled much of the Mediterranean in the 1800s?
Ottoman
All of the following rivers in Europe are heavily used for navigation except: Danube Rhine Rhone Po
Po
What is the trend of European population in general?
Populations are starting to shrink and are aging.
The process of specialized agricultural regions supplying distant markets started in the second half of the 19th century because of:
Railroads
What caused the Protestant Reformation in northern Europe?
Resentment of the materialism and excesses of the Catholic Church.
The network of towns and roads in western and central Europe were mostly built by the:
Romans
What are of Europe was completely covered by glaciers during the last Ice Age?
Scandinavia
All of the following are notable religious minorities in Europe except: Jews Hugenots Quakers Shintoists
Shintoists
When were environmental issues first addressed in the European community?
Single European Act (1985).
In 1918-19, more people worldwide then perished during World War I. What was the cause?
Spanish Flu Pandemic
What energy source quickly became the norm in European factories in the 1800s?
Steam power.
All of the following were common features of the Socialist Cities built after WWII except:
Subdivisions with single-family homes.
What distinguishes the Mediterranean climate from the rest of Europe?
Summers are hot, sunny, and dry, winters are mild and moist.
What events in 2015 triggered massive migration into Europe?
Syrian Civil War.
Universities and parochial schools were founded across Europe by:
The Church.
What early European civilization controlled routes in the Mediterranean and Black Seas around 600 BC?
The Greeks.
What notable area in Europe was under Arab (Moorish) control until 1492?
The Iberian Peninsula.
Where is the percentage of urbanization the highest in Europe?
The North
What early European civilization controlled trade around the Mediterranean area by the 8th century BC?
The Phoenicians.
What early European civilization provided most European languages with the beginnings of the modern Latin alphabet?
The Phoenicians.
What European civilization reached its maximum extent around 120 AD and controlled most of Europe south and west of Germania?
The Romans.
Why was Reverend Robert Malthus concerned about population patterns in the early 1800s?
The birth rate was very high among the poor.
What event set in motion the eventual schism between the Roman Church (Catholicism) and the Eastern Orthodox Church?
The division of the Roman Empire between Rome and Constantinople.
Why have Pakistani migrants to the United Kingdom fared worse than Indian migrants?
They were less well educated and speak Urdu.
In the United States, increasing farm size has led to farmhouse abandonment and small town decline. In Europe,
This has not happened, villagers commute to work in cities and many farmhouses have been renovated as second homes.
Reverend Robert Malthus' ideas on population included all of the following elements except: The population increases geometrically. Famine, war, and disease prevents population growth from getting out of hand. The food supply increases arithmetically. Too much immigration from North Africa was straining the food supply.
Too much immigration from North Africa was straining the food supply.
What vegetation regime occurs in the farthest northern portions of Europe?
Tundra
Europe today receives large numbers of immigrants from all of the following except: Middle East United States Afghanistan and Pakistan North Africa
United States
Which of the following is not a major Indo-European language family in Europe? Slavic Germanic Uralic Romance
Uralic
Why did birth rates begin to decline in Europe in the 19th century?
Urbanization
In the 16th century, the most substantial modifications made to old town Europe were:
Walls and Fortifications.
In the United States, suburbanization was quite rapid, rarely well-planned, and resulted in the decay and emptying of the central city. In Europe, suburbanization:
Was slower, more planned, and did not harm the central core.
In the earliest stages of the Industrial Revolution, what was he primary energy source?
Water power
What accounts for the mild, moist climate of western Europe?
Westerly winds and nearby ocean currents.