Geography Test 1
In the United States, a disproportionate amount of hazardous waste is disposed of in locations inhabited by...
... I am guessing native americans
What percentage of the world's population does NOT have access to clean water?
1/6
In both the United States and Canada, the agriculture industry employs no more than __ percent of the population today.
2
Approximately how many languages are spoken on Earth today?
2500-3500
How do Nebraska's waterways compare to others in term of pollution
40% of rivers are too polluted for fishing or swimming
What percentage of Earth's population now lives in cities?
50%
Approximately ___ percent of Native Americans were killed by infectious diseases within 100 years of first European contact.
90
In addition to irrigation, farmers on the Great Plains have turned to using fossil water from the Ogallala, the largest of what type of feature in the region?
Aquifer
Similarities between U.S and Canada
Both former British colonies that also experienced settlement and exploration by the French Developed comparable democratic political traditions Both are federations (of states or provinces), and representative democracies Their legal systems are also similar
Similarities between U.S. and Canada Part Two
Cities and suburbs look alike Shopping malls and satellite business districts have followed suburbia into the countryside, encouraging similar patterns of mass consumption and urban sprawl Share similar patterns of ethnic diversity that developed in nearly identical stages of immigration from abroad
How has the number of people living in extreme poverty changed in the last 20 years?
Cut nearly in half
The transition toward political systems guided by competitive elections is called:
Democratization
The great drought that affected the Great Plains of North America in the 1930s is known as the:
Dust Bowl
The most important language of trade today is:
English
An alternative to free trade, ____________________ seeks to provide a fair price to producers and to uphold environmental and safety standards in the workplace.
Fair Trade
Although many lack access to clean water, this rarely results in illness or death. True/False
False
Bottled water in the United States is held to high levels of quality by the government. True/False
False
Globalization is a new (twentieth and twenty-first century) phenomenon. True/False
False
The informal economy is insignificant in comparison to the formal economy, and may be safely ignored. True/False
False
The processes of plate tectonics are external processes that form landscapes, whereas the process of weathering and erosion are internal processes that further shape landforms and landscapes. True/False
False
What process has led many people to move well beyond their customary cultural or ethnic boundaries?
Globalization
Which of the following features on the North American physical landscape is the work of glaciers that once covered large parts of the continent as recently as 10,000 years ago?
Great Lakes
What is the name for the measure of activity in a country's formal economy?
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
What popular measure of well-being accounts for the value of all goods and services produced in a country in a given year?
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
How is the percent of jobs in solar energy changing?
Growb by 20%
Which of the following activities is most likely to occur in the informal economy?
Housework
How does the rate of reproduction change in a population that goes through the demographic transition?
It declines.
The estimated job impact of NAFTA on the United States has been a net:
Loss of 1 million jobs
In some of the countries of Central Europe, the population is aging and declining due to what?
Low birth and death rates
Where in the world are tornadoes most common?
Midwest- Oklahoma
The legislation passed in 1994 to reduce or eliminate trade restrictions among Canada, the United States, and Mexico was:
NAFTA
Farmers on the Great Plains use "fossil water" from....
Ogallala Aquifer
Of all the greenhouse emissions produced worldwide, North America accounts for approximately ____________.
One-Quarter
Geography as a discipline links the _________________ with the _____________________.
Physical Sciences & Social Sciences
The study of the growth and decline of the numbers of people on earth, their distribution across the earth's surface, age and sex distributions, and migration patterns is the study of:
Population
The leading cause of death among girls between the ages of 15-19 worldwide is:
Pregnancy
The amount that a local currency equivalent of U.S.$1 will purchase in a given country is a measure of:
Purchasing Power Parity
A social or political construct based solely on superficial characteristics such as skin color or face shape is called ____________________.
Race
What is a unit of the earth's surface that contains distinct patterns of physical features or of human activities?
Region
Which mountain range dominates western North America?
Rocky Mountains
______ refers to the biological category of male or female, while ____ refers to the differences between the sexes as defined by a particular social group.
Sex; Gender
The yellow-brown haze of industrial emissions and car exhaust that hovers over many cities is called _______________.
Smog
_______ is a combination of industrial emissions, car exhaust, and water vapor that frequently hovers as a yellow-brown haze over many North American cities.
Smog
Which of the following statements would a free trade advocate make?
Strict import quotas decrease the variety of choices for consumers.
The United Nations defines ____________________________ as the effort to improve present living standards in ways that will not jeopardize those of future generations.
Sustainable Development
The efforts to improve present living standards in ways that will not jeopardize future generations fall under the general heading of:
Sustainable Development
What term describes the process of improving present standards of living without threatening those of future generations?
Sustainable Development
What mechanisms have national governments used to protect their economies and industries from foreign competition?
Tariffs and import quotas
The U.S. population is about ____ times Canada's population.
Ten
The main source of moisture east of the Rockies is...
The Gulf of Mexico
The Great Lakes are connected to the world ocean by way of:
The St. Lawrence River
As a society shifts from extractive activities to industrial and service activities, material standards of living tend to rise. T/F
True
Ecological footprint is a method for estimating how much biologically productive land and sea are required to sustain a person. True/False
True
Geographers do not necessarily advocate for democracy as the "best" system of government. True/False
True
It is accurate to say that the population of North America is aging. True/False
True
NAFTA's exports to the world economy, by value, have increased by 600 percent for Mexico. True/False
True
Prices of fair trade goods are usually higher than the prices of free trade goods. True/False
True
Race is a biologically meaningless concept. True/False
True
Suppose a Burger King Whopper costs $3.54 in the United States. The Norwegian unit of currency is called the krona. If we estimate the cost of a Whopper in Norway at $3.54, we have used the concept of purchasing power parity to make the comparison. True/False
True
Sustainable development is defined as the idea that improvements in present standards of living must not be made at the expense of future populations. True/False
True
The interior of North America is hotter in the summer and colder in the winter than the coastal areas. True/False
True
The shift from high reproductive rates to low reproductive rates in a country's population is known as the demographic transition. True/False
True
What term refers to the encroachment of suburbs on agricultural land?
Urban Sprawl
Consequences of Urban Sprawl?
Urban sprawl requires residents to drive automobiles to complete most daily activities Increasing air pollution and emission of greenhouse gases Habitat loss of farmland, forest, grassland, and desert
__________________ refers to short-term changes in temperature and other factors, while ________________ is a long-term balance of temperature and precipitation.
Weather, Climate
Through which of the following landscape processes is rock broken down into smaller pieces?
Weathering
Which of the following is an example of a transaction taking place in the informal economy?
a housekeeper who is paid in cash and does not report her income
How much water does the average human require daily to meet basic domestic needs?
a) 10-15 liters b) 20-50 liters* [Pg. 38] c) 50-75 liters d) 75-100 liters
An early example of globalization: In the British Caribbean colonies, slaves from ___________ wore garments made of cloth woven in _____________ from cotton grown in __________________.
a) Madagascar; India; the United States b) the American South; the American North; India c) Africa; England; India* [Pg. 31] d) Africa; Ireland,; the United States C.
Race. is all of the following EXCEPT:
a) a social construct. b) a political construct. c) based on true biological differences in skill and aptitude.* [Pg. 53] d) based on apparent characteristics such as skin color.
The passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has had which of the following effects?
a) considerable decline in trade between the United States and Canada b) reduction and removal of tariffs between Mexico, the United States, and Canada* [Pg. 86] c) rising corruption in Canada due to United States and Mexican firms who have relocated there d) sharp decline in the flow of Mexican migrants in to North America
Which of the following is NOT a result of fair trade policies?
a) elimination of profits for intermediaries/middlemen b) improved working conditions for laborers c) increased investor profits* [Pg. 33] d) living wages for workers C.
All of the following are synonyms for shantytowns EXCEPT:
a) hutments. b) favelas. c) barrios. d) peripheries.* D.
Arguments against free trade include all of the following EXCEPT free trade:
a) leads to job loss in more developed countries. b) causes greater migration from wealthy countries to developing countries.* [Pg. 33] c) leads to an increase in global wealth disparity. d) causes companies to manufacture products in countries without environmental regulations in order to lower costs. B.
Arguments in favor of free trade include all of the following except free trade:
a) lowers prices. b) gives consumers more options. c) provides job opportunities. d) benefits developing nations more than developed nations.* D.
The Great Lakes were formed by:
a) plate tectonics. b) melting glaciers.* [Pg. 61] c) global warming. d) the Appalachian mountains.
Experts agree that certain factors must be present for democratization to flourish. These factors include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) political dynasties and inherited wealth.* [Pg. 36] b) broad-based prosperity. c) an educated population. d) the presence of social institutions that encourage a sense of unity and purpose.
As countries become more democratic, individuals gain more rights. These rights typically include all of the following, EXCEPT the right to:
a) protest government policies. b) take action against injustice. c) marshal public support for particular programs. d) engage in free and unrestricted trade.* [Pg. 33]
Governments seek to protect their industries from foreign competition through all of the following policies EXCEPT:
a) tariffs. b) trade restrictions. c) import quotas. d) free trade agreements.* D.
All of the following are characteristics of shantytowns, EXCEPT:
a) they are built from any available materials. b) they are found at the core of a city.* c) they usually lack utilities. d) educational opportunities are few. B.
After World War II, suburban growth accelerated greatly in North America as a result of:
affordable automobiles
. Developing nations are usually characterized by __________________ economies, while developed nations are usually characterized by the presence of ______________________ industries.
agricultural; service
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the green revolution?
an emphasis on organic farming
Race is all of the following EXCEPT:
based on true biological differences in skill and aptitude.
What two variables are accounted for in the rate of natural increase?
birth rates and death rates in a given population
The term __________ refers to the unrestricted international exchange of goods, services, and capital.
free trade
The _________________________ refers to the rise of modern agriculture based on large tracts of land, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and genetically engineered seeds.
green revolution
. A country is undergoing a demographic transition. This mean that the country:
is moving from high birth and death rates to much lower birth and death rates.
The rising levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is attributable to?
large-scale burning of fossil fuels
GDP per capita statistics may underestimate the role of women in the economy because:
much of women's work is unpaid or takes place in the informal economy.
Which of the following activities does NOT contribute to increased levels of greenhouse gas emissions?
photosynthesis
Experts agree that certain factors must be present for democratization to flourish. These factors include all of the following EXCEPT:
political dynasties and inherited wealth.
The key goal of an import quota is to:
protect domestic industries from foreign competition.
The push/pull phenomenon of urbanization pushes people out of __________ and pulls them into _______________.
rural areas; cities
Demographers use population pyramids to analyze what two structures of a given population?
the age and sex structures
Which of the following conveys the meaning of the term sustainable development?
the effort to improve present standards of living without jeopardizing those of future generations
Southern California's water needs are so intense because:
the natural state of Southern California is desert