GEOgraphy test 3

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____ biomes often have winter rainfall and summer drought.

Mediterranean scrub

Before photosynthesis, the ____ horizon did not exist.

O

We can estimate the density of the earth using ____.

deep rock samples and earth's mass and size

in aquatic environments, about 10-15% of eaten material is used for growth in ____.

herbivores and carnivores

Climate affects soil ____.

soil weathering soil acdity E horizon formation soil depth over time

California has all biomes except ____.

tropical rainforest

Which is true?

vegetation modifies soil development Animals modify soil development Soils modify vegetation growth

Soil distributions are highly related (correlated) to ____.

climate

____ has the most field capacity.

silt clay loam

Translocation occurs in the ____ soil horizon.

A B O E (ALL OF THESE HORIZONS)

Plants have ____ in a zone of physiological stress.

A low population

The solum is the ___.

A through B horizons

Eluviation is a strong component of ____ soil horizons

E

____ changes the soil characteristics (e.g. soil type) in a soil catena.

Water infiltration, transport and deposition

The Dust Bowl in the 1930's is understood in terms of ____.

climate, weather and land use

Species living in one habitat in a geographic realm are different from species in a similar habitat of a different geographic realm because of ____.

convergent evolution

The longest long-term storage in the carbon pool is found in the ____.

crust

Continental crust is primarily made of ____.

feldspar and silica

Carbon storage from the atmosphere to the earth's crust, plants, soil, and marine sediments requires ____.

photosynthesis

Conversion of carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen involves

photosynthesis

Taiga is most likely to have ____ below it.

spodsols

Mild winters are a hallmark of many____ biomes.

temperate deciduous rainforest

Clay accumulation, but not calcium carbonate or gypsum in the B horizon is consistent with ____ formation.

Alfisols

___ developed one of the two lines separating Indomalayan and Australian zoogeographic realms.

Alfred Weber

Island species vary based on

all three answers are correct

The production of herbicides by sage to suppress other plant growth is an example of ____.

amensalism

Primary succession involves growth of ____.

annual vegetation growing on bare soil

The Moho (Mohorovicic) Discontinuity separates the ____.

crust and lithosphere

Oceanic crust is ____ than continental crust

denser and thinner

____ are associate with bogs, but not tundra.

histosols

Animals in different habitats in the same zoogeographic realm differ because of ____.

natural selection

The region within which a species operates most effectively adapted is called its ____.

niche

The nature of the solid core is studied using refraction and time delay information from ____ passing through it.

primary (P) waves

The rate of photosynthesis is influenced by ____.

relative humidity temperature recent rainfall (ALL 3 FACTORS)

________ is most permeable

sand

Soils in ____ climates are more likely to be neutral

semi-arid (steppe, BS)

____ are caused by pyroclastic flows and volcanic ash fall.

Andislols

Illuviation is common in soil horizon ____.

B

Biogeography is the combination of ____.

phytogeography and zoology

The asthenosphere is ____.

plastic


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