Geol 104 - HW8 CH7
Below is a list of some of the major terms used for volcanic features, as well as sentences describing them. Match each term with its correct description.
1. Crater 2. Caldera 3. Vent, Parasitic 4. cone 5. Conduit 6. Magma chamber
Volcanologists classify volcanic landforms into three major volcanic types: shield volcanoes, cinder cones, and composite cones. Fill in the sentences below to explore the different types of volcanoes.
1. composite 2. shield 3.cinder 4.basaltic 5. andesitic 6. pyroclastic
Which of the following pieces of evidence for a past volcanic eruption are present at Yellowstone National Park?
A caldera rim Pyroclastic material Lava flows
Which of the following objects has a size similar to that of lapilli?
A marble (15 mm)
How did erosion affect Shiprock?
All of the lava and pyroclastic material and some of the volcanic neck were eroded.
Yellowstone is best described as which of the following?
An active volcano that has erupted in the last 1 million years
The composition of the rocks that make up Shiprock would most likely be similar to which of the following rocks?
An igneous rock associated with continental volcanic activity
Which of the following was a stage in the formation of Yellowstone caldera?
Crust bows upward above a magma chamber.
Which of the following best describe how flood basalts form?
Flood basalts form as a result of an eruption above a mantle plume.
Below is an image of the island of Hawaii. Kilauea, located on the Big Island, is a currently erupting volcano. Which of the following islands is the oldest?
Kaua'i
Hot spots are best described as which of the following?
Localized areas of volcanic activity not associated with plate boundaries.
Which of the following scenarios best describes how the Hawaiian Islands formed in the Pacific Ocean?
Magma generated from a hot spot burned through the overlying plate to create volcanoes.
Which of Hawaii's five volcanoes are still considered to be active?
Mauna Loa Kilauea
Volcanic ash is best described as which of the following?
Microscopic pieces of rock ejected by a volcano
Which of the following volcanoes is associated with the Ring of Fire?
Mt. Pinatubo
Identify the erupted material associated with each image.
Pyroclastic Ash Flow Aa Lava Flow Pahoehoe Lava Flow Bombs
Which of the following features at Yellowstone National Park is evidence for a magma chamber beneath the park?
Rising (or bowing upward) ground near Yellowstone River Welded tuff Geysers and hot springs (steam)
The world is full of volcanoes famous for causing destruction and for being picturesque. Use the ideas discussed in Parts A and B to classify these real-world volcanoes.
Shield volcano -Mauna Loa, Hawaii Composite Cone -Mount St Helens, Washington -Fujuyama, Japan -Cotopaxi, Ecuador Cinder cone -San Francisco Peaks, Arizona -Paricutin, Mexico
What geologic event led to the formation of the rocks that make up Shiprock?
The rocks in Shiprock formed when magma solidified in the neck of an old volcano.
How did the ridges around Shiprock form?
They are old dikes radiating from the main neck of the volcano
The three main types of volcanoes form and erupt differently. Let's investigate how this affects their shape and overall structure and characteristics.
cinder cone - volcano known for reddish brown lapilli. -Volcano with a crater at the summit and steep flanks shield volcano - volcano with very broad slopes and a caldera -Volcano known for long lava flows and Lava Tubes composite cone - volcano known for erupting lava and pyroclastic material - volcano with a steep Summit and Broad, moderately steep flanks
Which of the following is the volcanic feature in which magma rises through before it is released at the surface?
conduit
What drives melting at divergent boundaries?
decompression melting
Below are images of some of the major types of volcanoes. Identify the major features associated with these volcanoes by dragging their terms onto the appropriate parts of the figure(s).
far left: -erupting lava flow -older lava flows and pyroclastic materials bottom (left to right): -conduit -parasitic cone -erupting pyroclastic materials -vent top: -crater
Which materials in Hawaii's lava help to keep it fluid for longer at the surface (as opposed to cooling and solidifying quickly), thus allowing extensive lava flows to develop?
iron magnesium
Which of the following volcanic materials flows out of a volcanic vent?
lava
At what tectonic setting is Hawaii located?
oceanic hot spot
From where do scientists think that mantle plumes originate?
shallow locations within the mantle the outer core-mantle boundary
Which of the following has the single most immediate effect on lava's ability to solidify?
temperature
The volcanic islands in the above figure were created as the tectonic plate passed over a hot spot in the mantle. Based on the ages of the volcanic islands, in what direction was the tectonic plate moving toward?
toward the west
Which of the following tectonic settings does NOT produce volcanism?
transform boundary
