Geol 9 Chapter 1: Natural Disasters and the Human Population

dropping world population growth rates

Urbanization and increasing opportunities for women are the two likely causes for the ______.

Population declines.

What happens to global population if the average number of births per woman is 1.6?

Efforts to reduce the number of deaths and damage caused by a natural disaster

What is hazard mitigation?

8,000

Population growth was relatively flat until about ______ years ago, when it began to rise.

hazard

A natural _____ is the threat of a naturally occurring event that could have a negative effect on human life or property.

great natural disaster

A natural event, such as a tsunami, that so overwhelms a region that international assistance is needed with rescue, medical care, and rebuilding is called a(n) ________.

recurrence interval

Another term for return period is _______.

Economic development

According to demographic transition theory, what factor leads to declines in mortality and fertility rates?

grew

Advances in public health and medicine were some of the main reasons population ______ in the 18th century.

4,000

Approximately how many people died worldwide due to the 14 deadliest natural disasters in 2016?

economic costs number of fatalities

As global population has grown, so too have the _____ of natural disasters.

weather disease

Before agriculture, global population was controlled by_____, _____, and food abundance.

population growth

Countries where a significant percentage of the population is under 15 years old are likely to experience ______ over the next 50 years.

100

Due to population growth, particularly in less-developed countries, it is estimated that million-death earthquakes are likely to occur once every _____ years.

demographic transition

During ______, countries shift from high to low mortality and fertility rates, and population growth declines.

disease weather abundance of food

During early human history, before the development of agriculture, the global population size was strongly controlled by ______.

mitigation

Efforts to reduce the impact of natural disasters, such as the development of evacuation routes, are called _____

Western Europe, Japan, and North America have moderately high rates of population growth.

Examine this figure. (From 1950-2050, China, India, and rest of Asia have some growth in size. Eastern Europe, Japan, Western Europe, and North America have little to no growth. North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa have large amount of growth.) Which of the following statements is not true?

14

For an annual growth rate of 5%, what would be the number of years required to double to population?

200,000

Fossil evidence suggests that modern humans evolved about ______ years ago in Africa.

We may experience them as often as once per century: five times as frequent as now.

How will population growth affect the frequency of earthquakes that result in more than 1 million deaths?

less

Large-magnitude natural disasters tend to occur _____ frequently than small-magnitude natural disasters.

China Indonesia Haiti Japan

Mega-killer earthquakes in the past 500 years occurred in which countries?

the United States

Most of the 40 worst natural disasters ranked by money lost since 1970 have occurred in ______.

floods

Of the 14 deadliest natural disasters of 2016, the most common were ______.

Asia

Of the 40 deadliest natural disasters between 1970 and 2016, most occurred in ________.

earthquakes hurricanes

Of the 40 deadliest natural disasters between 1970 and 2016, the two most frequent mega-killers were _______. (Select all that apply.)

natural disasters

Of the 40 greatest insurance loss disasters between 1970 and 2016, most were due to ______.

hurricanes and earthquakes

On a yearly basis in the United States, the most likely high-fatality events are _____.

floods and tornadoes

On a yearly basis in the United States, the most likely low-fatality events are _____.

1,000,000

Over the past 500 years, the average number of deaths globally due to earthquakes has been ______ per hundred years.

Greater levels of connectedness and cohesion Greater levels of sympathy and empathy Greater participation in humanitarian efforts

Social science research has shown that, in general, people respond to natural disasters in which of the following ways? (Select all that apply.)

58 years

The current doubling rate for the world population is ______.

population density is highest

The deadliest natural disasters occur in the regions of the world where _____.

exponential

The growth in human population over time is an example of _____ growth, which can be extremely rapid because it increases continuously in ever-larger increments.

population

The most important factor determining the number of deaths globally due to natural disasters is ______.

carrying capacity

The number of individuals that a particular environment can support is referred to as its _____ ______

1.2%

The present rate of world population growth is about _____.

exponential growth

The sharp upward curve in this graph of human population over time is the result of _______.

magnitude

The term _____ refers to the size of a natural disaster.

False (Social science research has shown that people respond to natural disasters by becoming more outward-looking and taking part in humanitarian actions.)

True or false: Human beings tend to react to natural disasters by becoming more inward-looking, concerned only with their own well-being.

False (Despite the decline in birth rates, the world population continues to grow at a rapid rate.)

True or false: The recent decline in global birth rates will result in a decline in world population within the next 50 years.

Human population density

Which factor is most important in determining the number of deaths that occur due to a natural disaster?

Increased pollution Increased frequency of mega-killer natural disasters Climate change Decreasing supplies of fresh water and food

Which of the following are concerns about the human population explosion?

Japan earthquake and tsunami, 2011 China earthquake, 2008 Myanmar cyclone, 2008 Haiti earthquake, 2010

Which of the following are examples of great natural disasters? (Select all that apply.)

The domestication of animals The development of agriculture

Which of the following are likely causes for the rise in population growth that occurred 8,000 years ago?

Public health policies (These were based on a better understanding of disease.) A decline in death rates

Which of the following explain the rapid increase in global population growth rates in the 18th century?

Increased opportunities for women Urbanization

Which of the following factors are believed to be the cause of declining world fertility (birth rates) in recent years?

A tornado that destroyed large parts of a town (A natural hazard is the probability of a dangerous event occurring, the tornado has already occurred and so is considered a natural disaster.)

Which of the following is not an example of a natural hazard?

As human population increases, so do the food resources available.

Which of the following statements about the concept of carrying capacity is incorrect?

Small events are more common than large events.

Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between the magnitude and frequency of natural disasters?

Natural disasters Pollution Global warming

Which of the following will likely increase with continued worldwide population growth?

Hurricane

Which type of natural disaster has been the most expensive in terms of insurance losses in the period from 1970 to 2016?

Wealthy countries build stronger buildings. Wealthy countries are better insured. (While population density does affect the fatality rate of natural disasters, it does not affect the economic impact.)

Why are the most expensive (in terms of insurance losses) natural disasters not also the deadliest? (Select all that apply.)

The fossil record is incomplete. There exist no historic documents.

Why is it difficult to assess the beginning of human history?

Global population is increasing.

Why is it expected that the number of deaths by natural disasters will rise?

More people live in proximity to natural hazards.

Why is population growth linked to increased loss of life and property due to natural disasters?

doubling time

_____ _____ is the number of years required for a population to double in size given an annual percentage

Return Period

______ describes the number of years between same-sized natural disaster events.