Geology 103

From Bowen's Reaction Series, basalt is an: A. early forming rock B. late forming rock C. intermedite stage forming rock D. none of the above.

A. Early forming rock

Which of the following is an example of a mineral?

A. coal B. concrete C. steel D. quartz Answer: D

Obsidian is composed of volcanic _____. A. glass B. vog C. olivine D. none of the above.

A. glass

A mineral used in #2 pencils is: A. Graphite B. Olivine C. Diamond D. Corundum E. Topaz.

A: Graphite

Rocks form deep down the earth are A: Intrusive Igneous Rock B: Pillow lavas C: Extrusive Igneous Rocks D: Metamorphic Rocks

Answer: A

Metamorphic rocks are often found in association with what geologic event? A. volcanic eruptions B. earthquakes C. mountain building D. weathering and erosion.

Answer: C

The surface of the Earth is covered by hydrosphere is: A- 10% B- 29% C- 71% D- 90%

Answer: C

The silicon-oxygen tetrahedron is: A. the building block of the silicate minerals. B. composed of 4 oxygen atoms surrounding 1 silicon atom. C. composed of the two most abundant elements in Earth's crust. D. all of these.

Answer: D

Most prominent features of the Hawaiian Ilses are: A. mountains range B. shields C. stable plateform D. volcanoes.

Answer: D volcanoes

An example of an igneous rock which floats on water is: A. scoria B. pumice C. gabbro D. basalt.

B. Pumice

Sediments go through lithification to form ____. A. Igneous rocks B. Metamorphic rocks C. Sedimentary rocks D. all of the above.

C. Sedimentary Rocks

Volcanoes are places where magma erupts: A. lava B. pyroclastic matter ash. C. Gases D. All of the above.

D. All of the above

When a mineral breaks, it often does so along its plane or planes, which is known as: A. luster B. streak C. hardness D. cleavage.

D. Cleavage

Earth materials are: A. rocks B. minerals C. coal and fossil fuels D. sediments E. all of the above

E. All of ze above

Synthetic or fabricated minerals are classified as minerals. True or False

False

The agents of metamorphism are heat, pressure (stress), and chemically active fluids. A. TRUE B. FALSE.

a. True

A contact between parallel sedimentary rock layers that records missing geologic time is: A. a disconformity. B. a nonconformity. C. an angular unconformity. D. not an unconformity.

a. a disconformity

A unit of matter which cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical methods is: A. an element B. an atom C. a molecule D. a minera.

a. an element

Streak is a line drawn with a mineral on: A. an unglazed porcelain plate B. a diamond crystal C. a chalkboard D. a gypsum board.

a. an unglazed porcelain

Rocks found near the surface of Earth may be subjected to intense heat when they are intruded by magma, a process: A. contact metamorphism B. sediments C. All of the above

a. contact metamorphism

Earth's layers from topmost to the deepest. A. crust, lithosphere, mantle, core B. core, mantle, lithosphere, crust C. mantle, crust, core, lithosphere D. lithosphere, crust, mantle, core.

a. crust, lithosphere, mantle, core

Where does most metamorphic rock form? A. deep below the earth's surface B. on the earth's surface C. within volcanoes D. on lake beds.

a. deep below the earth's surface

The building blocks of minerals are: A. elements B. rocks C. sediments D. soils.

a. elements

The term "igneous " means: A. fire-formed B. to change C. to become layered D. dark colored

a. fire-formed

Name the minerals used in cosmetics. A. Galena and Talc B. Talc and Halite C. Diamond and Talc D. Asbestos and Talc.

a. galena and talc

Continental crust is primaril ycomposed of ____ rocks. A. Granite B. Basalt C. Pumice D. Rhyolite.

a. granite

The layer that makes up most of the earth's volume is the: A. mantle B. lithosphere C. crust D. core.

a. mantle

Most prominent features of the Planet Earth are: A. mountains range B. shields C. stable plateform D. volcanoes.

a. mountain ranges

Which of the following is NOT a type of silicate structure? A. nano silicate B. double chain silicate C. single-chain silicate. D. sheet silicate

a. nano silicate

Which one of the following is NOT a principal sphere of Earth System? A. nanosphere B. hydrosphere C. atmosphere D. biosphere.

a. nanosphere

Green sand beaches in Hawaii are grains of mineral A. olivine B. Talc C. Diamond D. Asbestos

a. olivine

The rocks in the crust of the earth are made mostly of elements such as: A. oxygen and silicon B. iron and silicon C. iron and sulfur D. copper and nickel.

a. oxygen and silicon

Hawaii is in the northeast region of the: A. Pacific Basin's Ring of Fire B. Indian Ocean Ocean C. Atlantic Ocean D. none of the above.

a. pacific basin's ring of fire

Eras of the Standard Geologic Time Scale are subdivided into: A. Periods. B. Epochs. C. Eons. D. Episodes.

a. periods

The volcanism associated with what is now Hawaiian Isles could best be: A. shield volcanoes B. lava plateau C. pyroclastic sheet. D. spreading-ridge pillow basalt. E. rift-valley basalt flow.

a. shield volcanoes

Streak is line drawn with a mineral on: A. a special porcelain plate B. a diamond crystal C. a chalkboard D. none of the above.

a. special princely plate

The rock cycle demonstrates the relationships among: A. the three major rock groups B. two major rock groups C. one major groups D. none of the above.

a. the three major rock groups

Hardness describes a mineral's ability A. to resist scratching or abrasion B. relect light C. to be denser D. to break along planes of weakness.

a. to resist scratching or abrasion

Nebular hypothesis explains the origin of the: A. Universe B. Milky Way galaxy C. Solar System D. none of the above.

a. universe

The surface of the Earth is covered by continents and islands is: A. 10 percent B. 29 percent C. 71 percent D. 90 percent.

b. 29%

Earth's physical environment is traditionally divided into three major parts. A. biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere B. atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere C. lithosphere, biosphere, atmosphere D. all of the above.

b. atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere

Hawaiian Islands extrusive rocks are primarliy composed of: A. Granite B. Basalt C. Pumice D. Rhyolite.

b. basalt

Mafic minerals that form early at high temperatures are in ___ rocks. A. sedimentary B. Basalt C. Pumice D. Rhyolite.

b. basalt

The most common rock found in shield volcanoes in Hawaii is: A. Granite B. Basalt C. Pumice D. Rhyolite.

b. basalt

The oceanic crust is rich in ferromagnesian minerals, ____ type of rock is on the ocean floor. A. Granite B. Basalt C. Pumice D. Rhyolite.

b. basalt

Which description corresponds to weathering? [8g-1] A. moving rock fragments by water, wind or glacier B. breaking down rocks into smaller fragments and/or dissolving the rocks C. settling out of rock grains or stones D. wearing a way of a rock face.

b. breaking down rocks into smaller fragments and/or dissolving the rocks

Which of the following is an organic sedimentary rock? A. basalt B. coal C. conglomerate D. sandstone.

b. coal

The texture of igneous rock is determined by the rate at which magma: A. flows from a volcano B. cools C. melts D. explodes.

b. cools

The deepest layer of Earth is _____. A. crust B. core C. mantle D. lithosphere

b. core

Basalt is a A. metamorphic rock B. extrusive igneous rock C. instrusive igneousrock D. sedimentary rock.

b. extrusive igneous rock

Pumice is a: A. mineral B. extrusive igneous rock C. instrusive igneousrock D. sedimentary rock

b. extrusive igneous rock

Volcanic glass Obsidian is a: A. mineral B. extrusive igneous rock C. instrusive igneousrock D. sedimentary rock

b. extrusive igneous rock

Igneous rocks that were created from magma at or near the surface are: A. intrusive igneous rocks B. extrusive igneous rocks C. sedimentary rocks D. all of the above.

b. extrusive igneous rocks

The surface of theHawaiian isles is mostly covered by: A. metamorphic rocks B. extrusive igneous rocks C. plutonic igneous rocks D. sedimentary rocks.

b. extrusive igneous rocks c. plutonic igneous rocks

Halite crystals are formed when fresh lake water evaporates. A. TRUE B. FALSE.

b. false

Minerals that combine to form the most common rock-forming group are carbonates. A. TRUE B. FALSE.

b. false

Obsidian is a mineral. A. TRUE B. FALSE.

b. false

The silicon-oxygen tetrahedron is composed of 1 oxygen atom surrounding 1 silicon atom. A. True B. False.

b. false

Which of the following is not a sedimentary rock? A. Limestone B. Granite C. Breccia D. Mudstone.

b. granite

The mineral _______ is soft enough to leave a streak on paper and is used in # 2________. A. Sulfur, firecrackers B. Graphite, pencil C. Hematite, pencil D. Lead, batterie

b. graphite, pencil

Mineral _____ is consumed by humans in food and drinks. A. Sulfur B. Halite. C. Graphite D. Diamond.

b. halite

Very high temperatures and pressure, and/or rock or reacrive fluids may form: A. Igneous rocks B. Metamorphic rocks C. Sedimentary rocks D. All of the above.

b. metamorphic rock

The Sun and Earth are in _____Galaxy. A. Nebular B. Milky Way C. Almond Joy D. Orion

b. milky way

Estimated abundance of elements in Earth's crust (from highest to lowest): A. silicon, sulfur, oxygen, iron, sodium B. oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium C. silicon, sulfur, oxygen, iron, aluminum D. silicon, calcium, oxygen, iron, potassium.

b. oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium

The mineral __ is sometimes confused with gold because both minerals are the color of ___ . A. Sulfur, yellow B. Pyrite, gold C. Hematite, brown D. None of the above.

b. pyrite, gold

The mineral _____ is most durable and resistant to breakdown: A. Clay minerals B. Quartz C. Feldspars D. Micas E. calcite.

b. quartz

Luster describes a mineral's ability A. to resist scratching or abrasion B. relect light C. to be denser D. to break along planes of weak.ness.

b. reflect light

Uplift and erosion can expose all rock types at surface, re-initiating the: A. water cycle B. rock cycle C. nebular cycle D. none of the above

b. rock cycle

Large areas of ancient metamorphic rock that form the core of a continent are called: A. icecaps B. shields C. mountains D. volcanoes.

b. shields

The two most abundant elements in common minerals are: A. calcium and manganese B. silicon and oxygen C. iron and magnesium D. carbon and potassium.

b. silicon and oxygen

Name the mineral used in cosmetics: A. Halite B. Talc C. Corundum D. Serpentine Asbestos.

b. talc

The size and arrangement of crystal grains in igneous rocks is called: A. density B. texture C. hardness D. luster.

b. texture

If rock A cross-cuts rock B, then rock A is: A. older than rock B. B. younger than rock B. C. an igneous rock. D. the same age as rock B.

b. younger than rock B

Hardness of mineral Talc is__in Mohs Scale of Mineral Hardness. A. 5. B. 4 C. 1.

c. 1

Mohs Scale of Hardness of minerals is defined on a scale of: A. 1 to 1,000 B. 1 to 100 C. 1 to 10 D. 1 to 15.

c. 1 to 10

The hardest mineral in Mohs Scale of Hardness is A. Talc B. Olivine C. Diamond D. Corundum E. Topaz.

c. diamond

The hardest mineral in the Mohs Scale of Hardness is: A. Topaz B. Quartz C. Diamond D. Corundum E. Gypsum.

c. diamond

Acid Test with dilute HCl describes a mineral's ability: A. to resist scratching or abrasion B. relect light C. effervesce or to fizz - acid test D. to break along planes of weakness.

c. effervesce or to fizz - acid test

Remains or traces of ancient plants and animals that are preserved in rock are called: A. elements B. concretions C. fossils D. geodes.

c. fossils

Igneous Rocks are formed by cooling and crystallization of hot molten rock called: A. plasma B. evaporites C. magma D. stalactites.

c. magma

As magma cools, its various elements combine to form: A. fluids B. asphalt C. minerals D. evaporites.

c. minerals

The scale used to determine the hardness of a mineral is the: A. Celsius scale B. Fujita scale C. Moh's scale D. Richter scale.

c. moh's scale

The minerals gold and copper are examples of: A. silicate minerals B. organic minerals C. native element minerals D. radioactive minerals.

c. native element minerals

All rocks exposed at Earth's surface are subject to weathering, which leads to the formation of: A. magma B. lava flows C. sediments D. none of the above

c. sediments

Earth is the ___ planet in distance from the Sun. A. secondc B. sixth C. third D. none of the above.

c. third

Geologists are reasonably convinced that age of the Earth is: A. 1 million years B. 10 million years C. 100 million years D. 4.5 - 4.6 billion years E. none of the above

d. 4.5 - 4.6 billion years

Continents have landforms such as: A. mountains B. stable platform C. shield D. all of the above.

d. all of the above

Earth materials are: A. rocks, sediments, soils B. minerals and ores C. fossil fuels D. all of the above.

d. all of the above

Geologically fossils are important for several reasons: A. Aid in interpretation of the geologic past B. Serve as important time indicators C. Allow for correlation of rocks from adifferent places D. all of the above E. only a and b.

d. all of the above

Which of the following is an igneous rock? A. limestone B. gypsum C. gneiss D. basalt.

d. basalt

This mineral is not in silicate minerals group: A. Hornblende B. Augite C. Orthoclase D. Fluorite.

d. fluorite

The parent material for all rocks is: A. silica B. quartz C. granite D. magma.

d. magma

Mid oceanic ridges are parts of: A. continental shield B. mountain ranges C. stable palteform D. oceanic floor.

d. oceanic floor

The most common group of minerals in crustal rocks are the: A. halides B. sulfides C. oxides D. silicates E. carbonates.

d. silicates

Silicates minerals compose about ___ within the earth's crust. A. 5% B. 10% C. 40% D. 50% E. 90%.

e. 90%

Basaltic rocks may contain minerals such as: A. Olivine B. Plagioclase Feldspars C. Amphiboles D. Augite E. all of the above.

e. all of the above

Mineral is defined as: A. Crystalline B. Inorganic C. Naturally occurring D. Solid E. all of the above.

e. all of the above

Sedimentary rocks are products of : A. compaction B. cementation C. Lithification. D. precipitation from solutions E. all of the above.

e. all of the above

The chief constituents of sedimentary rocks include: A. Clay minerals B. Quartz C. Feldspars D. Micas E. all of the above.

e. all of the above

Which of the following is not an igneous rock? A. Granite B. Basalt C. Pumice E. Asphalt.

e. asphalt