Geology Final (multiple choice)

When atmosheric CO2 dissolves in seawater, it forms ______. A. carbonic acid B. carbolic acid C. hydrochloric acid

A. carbonic acid

The relatively stable interior portion of a continent is known as a ______. A. craton B. cordillera C. alluvium D. belt

A. craton

The two types of glaciers are A. valley and continental B. polar and mountain C. valley and mountain D. continental and polar

A. valley and continental

______ most effectively outline the edges of the lithosphereic plates. A. Lines of active stratovolcanoes B. Margins of the continental shelves C. The locations of deep mantle hot spots D. Lines of earthquakes epicenters

D. Lines of earthquakes epicenters

Which is an environmental hazard of coal burning? A. Acid rain B. Large volumes of ash generated C. Strip mining D. All of the above

D. All of the above

In the Cenozoic era A. there was a period of massive erosion. B. it was very cold, relative to today's termeratures. C. Precambrain rocks were all destroyed. D. Atlantic and Gulf coastal regions, removed from active plate. boundaries, were tectonically stable.

D. Atlantic and Gulf coastal regions, removed from active plate. boundaries, were tectonically stable.

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge comes to the surface across A. Bermuda B. Antarctica C. Greenland D. Iceland E. the Canary Islands

D. Iceland

Why did people not believe Wengener's idea of continental drift? A. He failed to provide a mechanism B. He didn't know about earthquake distribution at the time C. He used ferns and fossil plants as part of his evidence.

A. He failed to provide a mechanism

Which one of the following is a consistent with deformation by folding? A. Horizontal distance is shortened perperndicular to fold axes B. The crust is thinned C. Horizontal distance perpendicular to fold axes is lengthened

A. Horizontal distance is shortened perperndicular to fold axes

What happens at divergent boundaries? A. The seafloor spreads and magma rises up to fill the gap, forming underwater feature like oceanic ridges and submarine volcanoes B. The seafloor rises up and heats up the surrounding water to cause tsunamis C. A gap is created and sea water rushes in to cool the magma in the trench D. Huge mountains are formed by the plates colliding

A. The seafloor spreads and magma rises up to fill the gap, forming underwater feature like oceanic ridges and submarine volcanoes

How do we know Earth has a core, a mantle, and a crust? A. By using long asbestos probes B. By observing earthquake waves C. By looking at plate tectonic cycles D. By measuring heat loss from the core

B. By observing earthquake waves

Which gaseous element composes the greatest percentage of the air that we breathe? A. Oxygen B. Nitrogen C. Carbon Dioxide D. Hydrogen

B. Nitrogen

Which one of the following most accurately describes the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands? A. Composite volcanoes associated with subduction and a convergent plate boundary B. Shield volcanoes fed by a long-lived hot spot below the Pacific lithospheric plate C. Shield volcanoes associated with a mid-Pacific ridge and spreading center

B. Shield volcanoes fed by a long-lived hot spot below the Pacific lithospheric plate

Ozone is concentrated in the ________. A. Troposphere B. Stratosphere C. Mesosphere D. Thermosphere E. Cryosphere

B. Stratosphere

What is paleomagnetism? A. The tendency for magnetic rocks to vibrate preceding an earthquake B. The natural remnant of magnetism in rock bodies C. Volcanic magma that flows out of shield volcanoes and carries magnetic material D. The temporary magnetism in rock bodies that can be used to determine the location of magnetic poles

B. The natural remnant of magnetism in rock bodies

Explosive volcanic eruptions can act to ______ global termperatures. A. raise B. lower C. expand

B. lower

Early results of the Deep Sea Drilling Project clearly justified the conclusion that ________. A. the oceans have not always contained most of Earth's water B. the ocean basins are relatively young; most ocean basin rocks and sediements and Cretaceous or younger in age C. Proterozoic rocks are found only as seamounts in the deepest parts of the ocean basins

B. the ocean basins are relatively young; most ocean basin rocks and sediements and Cretaceous or younger in age

The modern-day Red Sea is explained by plate tectonics theory because it is A. a tiny remnant of a once immense ocean that was closed as Africa moved Asia B. the site of a transform fault along which Arabia is moving away from Africa C. a rift zone that may eventually open into a major ocean if Arabia and Africa continue to separate D. a rare example of a two continent subduction zone where the African continental plate is sinking under the Arabian continental plate

C. a rift zone that may eventually open into a major ocean if Arabia and Africa

The shells of numerous marine micro-organisms are composed of A. CO2 B. FeO2 C. CaCO3

C. CaCo3

The boundary between the crust and mantle is called the A. ionosphere B. transition zone C. Moho D. Asthenosphere

C. Moho

Which of the following best describes Hess' hypothesis of seafloor spreading? A. Rising material in the seafloor and ocean basin causes the seafloor B. Sinking material in the mantle causes the seafloor to diverge at the edges of continents. C. Rising material in the mantle spreads laterally, carrying the seafloor ridges in the center of the ocean basin. D. Sinking material in the mantle spreads laterally, forcing the seafloor into continents at the edges of ocean basins.

C. Rising material in the mantle spreads laterally, carrying the seafloor ridges in the center of the ocean basin.

New oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at A. divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of rhyolitic magma B. convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of rhyolitic magma C. divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma D. convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma

C. divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma

Mammals evolved from A. amphibians B. birds C. mammal-like reptiles

C. mammal-like reptiles

Geomatric reversals A. Are recorded on the seafloor B. Happen every 100,000 to 1 million years C. mean the South Pole will magnetically become the North and vice versa D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is not a line of evidence used to support the Theory of Continental Drift? A. Fit of the continents B. Fossil correlations C. Similarities in rock type and structure D. Paleoclimate E. All of the above are lines of evidence used to support

E. All of the above are lines of evidence used to support

The convection flow of metallic iron within which region of Earth's interior is responsible for generating Earth's magnetic field? A. Asthenosphere B. Mesophere C. Moho D. Inner core E. Outer core

E. Outer core