Geology Midterm 2

Based on the timing of eruption of the 3 major calderas in Yellowstone Park, the recurrence interval is about _____ years.

600,000

The _____ is a relatively soft and unwelded pyroclastic deposit within and around the Valles Caldera.

Bandelier Tuff

The most explosive of the Yellowstone calderas was the _____ Caldera.

Big Ben Ridge

The youngest volcanic rocks formed in the Valles Caldera were 40,000 year-old obsidian rocks of the ______.

Blanco Bonito lava flow

The _____ is a thick ash flow centered around the San Juan Mts. in Colorado.

Fish Canyons Tuff

The largest of the 4 Columbia Plateau eruptions listed below was the _______:

Grande Ronde Basalt

In Supervolcano, who was Wendy Reiss?

Head of Federal Emergency Management Agency

Most earthquakes in Yellowstone Park is located along the ________.

Hebtgen Lake fault

The earliest and smallest of the 4 Columbia Plateau eruptions listed below was the ________:

Imnaha Basalt

_____ first proposed the term 'mantle plume' to describe hot spots:

Jason Morgan

The two extinct volcanoes on Hawaii are _____.

Kohola and Mauna Kea

An example of a mid-ocean exposed on land would be the _____ fissure.

Laki

A large portion of the southeastern side of Hawaii is in danger of a major _______.

Landslide

The most recent volcanic eruption produced ground-hugging flows of hot volcanic ash, pumice, and gases that swept across Yellowstone Park solidified to form the _________.

Lava Creek Tuff

_____ is the deepest location on Earth, visited by submersible Nerreus.

Mariana Trench

The two active volcanoes on Hawaii are ______.

Mauna Loa and Kilauea

_____ is used nowadays to generate 3-dimensional pictures of the ocean floor.

Multibeam sonar

If Africa splits into two separate continents along the East African Rift System, the larger of the two continent will be names the ______ plate.

Nubian

_____ is the only known active carbonatite volcano in the world.

Oldoinyo Lengai

The _____ is often referred to as "The Cradle of Mankind"

Olduvai Gorge

The Columbia River flood basalts covered an area that included ________:

Oregon, Washington & Idaho

Longest-known Columbia Plateau lava flow on Earth, with no change in major- and trace-element compositions along its entire length:

Pomona Flow

The most recent of the 4 Columbia Plateau eruptions listed below was the ______:

Saddle Mountain Basalt

The ____ lies at the northernmost extent of Rio Grande Rift system.

San Juan Volcanic Field

As much as 15,000 ft of rift sediment of the ______ accumulated in the axial basins of the Rio Grande rift.

Santa Fe Group

If African splits into two separate continents along the East African Rift System, the smaller of the two continent will be named the _____ plate.

Somalian

_______ is the quasi-periodic aggregation and dispersal of Earth's continental crust.

Supercontinent Cycle

______ is responsible for the opening of the Red Sea.

The Afar Plume

In Supervolcano, Virgil's role was ______.

a 3-D hologram

The magma source for the flood basalts of the Columbia Plateau was _______:

advent of Yellowstone Plume at base of lithosphere beneath Pacific Northwest

The linear band of volcanoes along the Jemez Lineament were not found by a mantle hot spot because ________.

ages of volcanoes were essentially similar

The failed rift zone of a triple junction is called a/an ______.

alaucogen

The Hawaiian hot-spot track includes _________.

all of the Hawaiian Islands and Emperor Seamount chain

In Supervolcano, a person could die after inhaling volcanic ash and gases because _______.

ash combines with water in the lungs to become cement.

Yellowstone Park sits on top of a ___________.

caldera

Yellowstone Park got its name from _______.

color of volcanic rocks on canyon walls along Yellowstone River

A/an ______ is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere.

craton

The Pacific Ocean would be an example of the _____ stage in the life cycle of an ocean basin.

declining

Soda Dam was formed by ______.

deposition of travertine minerals into the Jemez river by hot, carbonated water seeping up along the Jemez Lineament

Active volcanic centers at slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges are _______.

discontinuous and consisting of many seamounts

In Supervolcano, the magma chamber was depicted as _____ -shaped:

ellipsoidal

In Supervolcano, the component in the magma that the geologists were most concerned about was ________.

eruptible magma

In a scene from Supervolcano, Ranger Matt and scientist Nancy were in a pickup truck ______

fleeing from a rapidly approaching pyroclastic flow

Migration of volcanic activity away from Kilauea's central vent is due to __________.

formation of East Rift Zone

A ____ is a flat-topped seamount formed when a volcanic island is flattened by erosion and sinks below sea level.

guyot

In Supervolcano, the final indicator that the caldera was set to erupt were _________.

harmonic tremors

The following were mentioned as indicators of active volcanic activity at Yellowstone except for _____.

harmonic tremors

Fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges ________.

have poorly-defined central rift valleys

Underwater sheet flows of basaltic lava instead of pillow lavas indicate ______.

higher lava extrusion rates

____ is a small rootless spatter cone that forms on the surface of a lava flow.

hornitios

Within the Rio Grande Rift system, the amount of extension ______.

increases towards the south

The Red Sea would be an example of the ______ stage in the life cycle of an ocean basin.

juvenile

______ rocks are good sources for diamonds.

kimberlite

The Atlantic Ocean would be an example of the ______ stage in the life cycle of an ocean basin.

mature

A ____ is a deadly pocket or concentration of carbon dioxide gas.

mazukus

A/an ____ is a dome-shaped feature in a caldera that is formed by magma rising under the caldera but not erupting.

resurgent dome

The shape of the Yellowstone plume under Yellowstone Park was determined using a geophysical method called _____.

seismic refraction tomography

______ is siliceous mineral deposit occurs as an incrustation around hot springs and geysers.

sinter

In supervolcano, 5 years of global cooling after the eruption was attributed mainly to ______.

sulfur dioxide in atmosphere

The Jamez lineament is a ________.

suture zone between the Yavapai and Mazatzal terranes

Earthquake swarms in the Rio Grande Rift is normally associated with _____.

the Socorro Magma Body

The array of vivid colors within Grand Prismatic Spring is produced by _______.

thermophile bacteria

The floor of the Red Sea is covered with ______ rocks.

thin, young basalt

Chemical rock precipitated out of hot-spring water at Mammoth Hot Spring is ______.

travertine

In Supervolcano, the first large earthquake, of magnitude 6.9, killed 9 people, injured 37, and destroyed homes along Yellowstone Lake. The main cause of the destruction was ____.

tsunami

Rocks from Obsidian Cliff in Yellowstone Park were used as ______.

weapons

The ____ describes the 7 stages involved in the opening and closing of an ocean basin.

Wilson Cycle

The magma source for the Columbia River basalt was ________:

Yellowstone mantle plume

In Supervolcano, what was Chief Scientist Rick Lieberman's recommendation for people trapped in the ash-impacted area after active eruption cease?

Walk-to-Life, out from the ash-impacted area

In Supervolcano,what would have been a serious problem for people living in the impacted area after 7 days of continuous volcanic eruption?

Water and food

_____ was responsible for Rio Grande Rift.

Westward to northwestward drag on N. American Plate by Pacific Plate