Geology Test 4 Quizzes
On what continent did Equus evolve? A) Africa B) South America C) Asia D) North America
D
During the last ice age cycle, CO2 varied between 180 to 280 ppm. What was the climate during the last ice age cycle? A) When CO2 values reached 280 ppm the amount of ice was similar to today B) When CO2 values were about 180 ppm then glaciers advanced and covered most of Canada C) When CO2 values reached 280 ppm the glaciers advanced and covered most of Canada D) When CO2 values were about 180 ppm the amount of ice was similar to today E) A and B are true F) C and D are true
E
The whale evolution shows a transition from walking to swimming. What modifications occurred in whales so that they could become powerful swimmers? A) reduction of the hind-limbs B) modification of the forelimbs and hands into flippers C) development of a massive tail D) Only A and C E) All
E
Today, atmospheric CO2 concentrations exceed 400 parts per million. What is so special about this value? A) It is nearly 40% higher than preindustrial levels. B) It is lower than preindustrial levels. C) This value is higher than at any point in the past 800,000 years. D) Nothing special - this is the average value for the last 800,000 years E) A and C are true
E
Which of the following statements best describe the animal? A) This is the skull of Ambulocetus, and it was unable to echolocate. B) This a baleen whale (Mysticeti) and it is able to echolocate C) This a tooth whale (Odontoceti) and it is able to echolocate D) This animal "hears" with the assistance of its lower jaw bone and a dense bone called a bulla E) Both C and D are correct.
E
Why did Equus become extinct in North America about 10,000 years ago? A) Climate Change B) Change from C3 to C4 grasses C) Hunting by humans D) A and B are true E) A and C are true F) All are true
E
Greenhouse gases make-up about 0.3% of atmospheric gases. What would happen if the atmosphere had no greenhouse gases? A) The average surface temperature would be well below freezing B) Because greenhouse gases are not very common, there would only be a little cooling of the earth's temperature C) The earth's average surface temperature would be similar to the temperature before humans evolved. D) Surprisingly, the earth's average surface temperature would increase
A
How do aerosols (particles) in the atmosphere effect the earth's climate? A) The earth cools with an increase in aerosols, because these particles scatter incoming sunlight. B) Aerosols produce beautiful sunsets, but they have little impact of the earth's temperature C) Atmospheric aerosols are a type of greenhouse gas that is produced by powerplants. Thus more aerosols causes ocean temperatures to warm D) The earth warms with an increase in aerosols
A
Like modern apes, Dryopithecus and Sivapithecus ate A) fruits and nuts B) Primarily meat C) Mainly insects D) Bark and leaves
A
Primates have: A) long gestation periods for animals of their size B) many offspring at a time--usually two or more C) short natural life spans for animals of their size D) none of the above
A
These gases are found in the earth's atmoshere: Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), Argon (Ar), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), Helium (He), and water vapor (H2O). Which of these gases are greenhouse gases? A) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor (H2O) are greenhouse gases B) Only carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas C) All are greenhouse gases - Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), Argon (Ar), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), Helium (He), and water vapor (H2O). D) oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor (H2O) are greenhouse gases
A
What happened to the grasses around 7 million years ago? A) Grasses changed from a C3 (lower silica) to grasslands consist mostly of C4 (higher silica) B) Grasses started growing in wet tropical environments C) Grasses were taller and the animals grew taller. D) Grasses were found only in wet environments
A
What kind of modern whale is this? A) This is a Baleen whale (mysticetes) and it has a vestigial hip and leg bones B) This is a Baleen whale (odontocetes) and it has a vestigial teeth. C) This is a toothed whale (odontocetes) and it has a vestigial teeth. D) This is a toothed whale (odontocetes) and it eats plankton.
A
What was the primary diet of primitive early horses? A) browsing on soft, leafy vegetation. B) Browsing on grass C) Grazing on soft, leafy vegetation. D) Grazing on grass
A
When and why did horses develop high crowned teeth? A) Grazing on the extensive grasslands that developed as a result of climate change during the Miocene (25 to 15 Ma) B) Grazing on the extensive grasslands during the Eocene (55 to 45 Ma) C) Browsing on shrubs during the Eocene (35 to 25 Ma) D) Grazing on shrubs of during the Pliocene (5 to 1.5 Ma)
A
When and why did the modern suborders of Cetaceans evolve? A) In the Oligocene, when there was increase in ocean productivity which provided more food for the whales to eat. B) In the Miocene, when there was a decrease in ocean productivity when there was less food for the whales to eat.. C) During the Eocene when large schools of fishes appeared along the shores of the Tethys Sea. D) In the Paleocene because whale survived the Cretaceous extinction event.
A
When were horses reintroduced to North America? A) 1492 B) about 6,000 years ago C) 2002 BC D) around 1000 AD when the vikings landed in North America
A
A sharp increase in Hominin brain size over the last 800,000 years, coincided with __________________. A) Period stable climate and abundant food need to feed our large brains. B) Period of the great worldwide climate fluctuation when planning and problem solving were increasingly important C) Period of long-tem cooling and decreasing food required more planning and problem solving to survive. D) Period of long-tem warming and abundant food need to feed our large brains.
B
After studying the ankle bones Rodhocetus, an early whale, it was concluded that whales are most closely related to ________________. A) bears, just like Charles Darwin suggested over 100 years ago. B) Even-toed hoofed mammals, like camels and hippopotamuses C) Odd-toed hoofed mammals, like hores D) Carnivores, like dogs and wolves.
B
NASA has measured the thinning and shrinking of the Greenland ice sheet. If the ice continues to melt then ____ A) There will be more Pacific Ocean hurricanes B) Sea level will rise and parts of Charleston could be underwater C) Sea level will rise slightly and we have nothing to be concerned about D) Will cause cooling and ice growth in Antarctica
B
Of the following which one is not a benefit of Hominins making stone tools? A) Stone tools helped to diversify their diet B) Decreased the diversity of the diet by increasing the size of the animals killed C) Stone tools enabled Hominins to adjust to a variety of different habitats and environments D) Increased diet flexibility enabling Hominins to live in change environments
B
The only living descendent of the Sivapithecus lineage is ___________. A) Chimps B) orangutan C) Humans D) Gorilla
B
What caused the extinction of most the Miocene Apes? A) Humans hunted them down. B) Climate change led to the replacement of forests with woodlands and grasslands C) Meteorite impact D) Large scale volcanic eruption
B
______________ is one of the earliest whale and its ____________ are see similar to later whales like Basilosaurus. A) Pakicetus ----- tail bones B) Pakicetus ----- teeth C) Rodhocetus ------- flippers D) Ambulocetus ---- ears
B
few years ago, some politicians suggested that volcanoes produce more CO2 emission than humans. Is this true? A) It depends on the volcanoes - shield volcanoes produced lots of Carbon Dioxide. B) No way. Volcanoes produce about 200 million tons of CO2 per year and humans emit about 36 billion tons of CO2 each year C) Surprisingly this statement is true. Human produce only 200 million tons of CO2 per year. D) Burning of fossil fuels produces about the same amount of Carbon Dioxide as volcanoes.
B
Ardipithecus lived in ________ and based on their teeth their they had __________________ . A) Grassland -------- a meat diet B) Woodlands -------- diet of nuts and fruit C) Woodlands -------- an omnivore diet, D) Grassland -------- an omnivore and grass diet
C
Both Dryopithecus and Sivapithecus lineages are rooted in ______________, but ___________ migrated to Africa and ____________ migrated to Asia. A) Europe --------- Sivapithecus ------- Dryopithecus B) Africa --------- Dryopithecus -------Sivapithecus C) Europe --------- Dryopithecus -------Sivapithecus D) Africa --------- Dryopithecus -------Sivapithecus
C
By studying the oxygen isotope values (ratio of 18O to 16O) in the teeth of Ambulocetus, it was concluded that A) Ambulocetus spent most of its time in saltwater B) Ambulocetus spent very little time in water. The animal had mainly terrestrial lifestyle. C) Ambulocetus spent the early part of it life freshwater and then migrated to the ocean. D) Ambulocetus spent most of its time in freshwater
C
Genetic data confirms that our closest living relative is _____________ and that we shared a common ancestor about ____________ . A) The monkey ------------ 8 million years ago. B) The gorilla ------------ 9 million years ago. C) The Chimpanzee ------------ 6 million years ago. D) The Chimpanzee ------------ 12 million years ago.
C
If Ardipithecus ramidus females were to place in an ad in Match.com females would say that they preferred A) nonaggressive and cooperative males B) males that provide food (vested provisioning) in exchange for sex C) All
C
Name this early ancestor of modern whales. A) Rodhocetus B) Pakicetus C) Ambulocetus D) Basilosaurus
C
The earliest hominin species had ______________ diet and they had ______________________. A) Meat-based ---- long bodies and short guts B) Meat-based ---- long bodies and long guts C) Plant-based ---- short bodies and long guts D) Plant-based ---- long bodies and short guts
C
The earliest known hominid is A) Homo erectus B) Australopithecus afarensis C) Sahelanthropus tchadensis D) Ardipithecus ramidus
C
The key feature that distinguishes Homo sapiens from other primates is our __________ whereas Ar. ramidus had a ___________ A) Unusually large brain ---------- a large brain similar to our brain B) upright stances ---------- short legs and could not stand up-right C) Unusually large brain ---------- a small brain similar in size to chimpanzees D) Large brain and excellent vision ------- an unusually large brain like Homo erectus.
C
We know the early ancestors of Basilosaurus lived ______________ because of the presence of _____________________. A) on land ------------ triangular teeth B) In freshwater ------ ribs and fins C) On land ------ a small pelvis and hind limbs D) In freshwater ------ up-turned nostrils
C
What is the Przewalski's wild horse? A) This is the oldest European horse and it lived in area that is now called Poland. B) This is the native North America horse that the people of the Cherokee nation rode. C) First domesticated horse, E. caballus. D) This is the common name of the oldest horse species found in North America
C
Which primate is the most closely related to humans? A) New World Monkey B) Tarsier C) Ape - Chimpanzee D) Lemur E) Old World Monkey
C
Why is the reduction in the size of canine teeth significant in Ardipithecus ramidus ? A) The statement is untrue. A. ramidus large canines like other apes. B) It indicates that males were more aggressive and they were using their fists and not their teeth. C) It indicates that females preferred less-aggressive male behavior. D) It indicates that Ardipithecus ramidus ate mainly meat.
C
A. afarensis, Lucy's 3.18-million-year-old skeleton has a humanlike hip bone and knee joints coupled with long apelike arms, longer grasping fingers than in humans, and flexible feet. This mixture of skeletal features means that "Lucy" ___________ A) Could Walk and climb B) primarily lived by climbing C) Adapted to different environments D) A and C E) All are true
D
As a result of climate warming, what part of the world has experienced the greatest changes? A) Australia B) Along the equator C) Southeastern USA D) in northern polar regions
D
How did Neanderthals and modern humans different in the ways they dealt with environmental fluctuation and the survival challenges it poses? A) Homo sapiens made more specialized tools B) Homo sapiens exchanged goods over a long distance. C) Neanderthals were better symbolic artists D) A and B E) All are true
D
How many genera of horses exist today? A) 3 B) 4 C) 2 D) 1
D
It has been hypothesized that Ardipithecus ramidus displayed reproductive crypsis unlike chimpanzees. What is reproductive crypsis, and why is it important for our evolution? A) The sexes were unknown until mating was attempted therefore there was no competition and the tribe was peaceful B) Females advertise ovulation and male compete to inseminate the ovulating female C) Males secretly inseminate the ovulating female therefore no new who parented the offspring and the all cored for each other D) Females did not advertise ovulation and therefore males needed to maintain a pair bond to successfully reproduce.
D
Of the following which one is not a consequence of having a large brain? A) uses 20 % the oxygen supply B) makes childbirth more difficult and painful C) requires more parental care D) requires a diet of plants
D
The recent ________ in northern hemisphere sea ice has resulted in climate ______________ A) decrease ........ cooling B) increase ........ warming C) decrease ........ staying the same D) decrease ........ warming
D
What is the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide and the oceans? A) The ocean does not absorb much of the atmosphere's Carbon Dioxide. B) The oceans absorb between 25 to 33% of the atmosphere's carbon dioxide C) Increased carbon dioxide in the oceans has increased the acidity of the oceans D) B and C true
D
What species show the oldest evidence for walking upright on two legs? A) Australopithecus B) Neanderthals C) Ardipithecus D) Sahelanthropus
D
What structure or structures help whales to hear underwater? A) bulla B) Low jaw bone developed a fat-filled canal to conduct sound back to the middle ear C) All whale developed the ability for echolocation D) A and B are correct E) All are correct
D
What was different about Ar. ramidus compared to earlier hominids? A) ability to walk upright B) absence of the large projecting canine tooth in males C) the use of stone tools D) A and B are correct E) All are true
D
When and where was Equus domesticated? A) about 12000 years ago in the Middle East B) about 6000 years ago in North America C) about 18000 years ago in Africa D) about 6000 years ago in central Asia
D
Which monkey - old or new - has a long narrow face, downward pointing snout and nostrils close together? A) New World Monkey B) Lemur C) Tarsier D) Old World Monkey E) Ape - Chimpanzee
D
Which of the following statements is true about the New World monkeys? A) Most of them are omnivorous with a substantial part of their diet being meat from small rodents, monkeys, and birds. B) Most have prehensil tails (earliest ones may not) C) Most live in the forests of Central and South America D) B and C
D
Describe a horse that feeds by browsing. A) Small size B) Lived in forests C) Short crowned teeth D) Only A and C E) All are true
E
