Geosci 170
Selective availability describes which of the following?
Incorrect data deliberately sent from GPS satellites to receivers
The spatial operator _______ can be used to determine the extent of the service area of a fire station fire-station; the spatial operator ______ can help a traveler find the closest bus stops to a set of tourist destinations.
buffer, near
Which data classification method was used to create the thematic map shown above?
equal intervals (% of land harvested as hay green map)
Tissot's Indicatrix is usually used to visualize projection distortions using circles. Before projection, these circles are uniform in shape and size. In the following map with Tissot's Indicatrix, what type of projection is used?
equidistant
If you are to design a world map showing global population distribution where the area of each country is an important factor to display, which type of projection will you choose?
equivalent
A choropleth using equal interval classes divides the data according to the distribution of the values.
false
A city (i.e. Madison) is usually represented as a polygon in a vector map of an area the size of Dane County. It can NEVER be shown as a point on a map even if the map scale changes.
false
Suomi-NPP is in a geostationary orbit, while GOES is in a sun-synchronous orbit.
false- geostationary orbit
The Earth is a perfect sphere.
false-- its a spheroid
The Earth is a perfect sphere.
false; spheroid not sphere
Which of the following is the science of determining the actual size and shape of the Earth?
geodetics
The following figure shows examples of _________ symbols.
geometric
Which is NOT a primary function of GIS?
geospatial data acquisition
Which of the following types of maps only use point data?
graduated symbol
The shortest distance between two points on a sphere is the
great circle distance
Which spatial overlay operation keeps only the shaded area shared by A and B but remove other parts? (Note: A and B are two circular shapes partially overlapped with each other)
intersection
What's the level of measurement for the data in this map?
interval (normal mean temperature dec-feb)
Suppose you are required to make an annual precipitation map of a study area, such as Wisconsin. Which map type will you choose to best represent annual precipitation?
isoline map
Which statement about the UTM system is true?
it records the locations of features in degree
Which of the following is NOT true of the Landsat program?
its data is invaluable to aquatic ecosystem researchers
Which of the following is an example of nominal data?
land ownership records for each parcel of land in Dane County
If you want to know the meaning of symbols on a map, you should look for the map's ______.
legend
The lack of necessary map elements will make it hard to correctly interpret a map. Which map element is missing in the following map that makes it impossible to tell quantities of annual precipitation in California?
legend
Which of the following is NOT a type of distortion when projecting the 3D earth surface to a 2D map?
location
Which of the following is NOT a type of distortion when projecting the 3D earth surface to a 2D map?
location (shape, area, and distance are)
Excluding the state of California, women's volleyball teams appear to be ____. (Map credit: Josie Sajbel)
randomly distributed
Suppose you would like to group the elevation values in a raster data layer (as shown in the left map) into five categories (as shown in the right map). Which spatial analysis operation will you use?
reclassification
If you want to make your dataset simpler by taking vectors of houses, housing cooperatives, apartment buildings, and dormitories and representing them all instead as "residential," which spatial analysis operator would you use?
reclassify
This pattern's point distribution would be described as ________.
regular
Which of the following point vector data layers, the left or right, has a larger standard distance?
right (dots are more spread out)
Which is NOT a commonly used way to describe scale on map?
ruler on map
A graphical representation of the equivalent ground distances of a map can best be shown with a ______.
scale bar
Which of these visual variable/graphic elements is used most often to distinguish categories of line features?
shape
The following map legend shows a group of area symbols of rock types. What visual variables are used in creating these symbols? Select ALL that apply.
shape orientation color hue
On the map below, which visual variable is used to show the total number of international passenger arrivals at each airport in Canada and United States?
size
The specific bands and wavelengths that a sensor can measure defines its
spectral resolution
Which of the following data classification methods uses the average distance to the mean value of the dataset in determining class break levels?
standard deviation
Which of the following makes GIS unique:
the ability to manage and analyze spatial information
In the attribute table of a vector data model, each row stands for an individual feature (e.g. a building) and a column stands for an attribute associated with the feature (e.g. the name of the building).
true
Infrared light is invisible to human eyes.
true
A GPS satellite sends a radio signal at time "T". A portable GPS device in a car receives the signal at time "T+5". What is the distance between this car and the satellite? (The satellite signal travels at speed of 180,000 miles).
900,000 miles
Which of the following is NOT a common definition of GIS?
A way to collect information about Earth using satellite platforms
Which of the following is a disadvantage of combined multivariate maps?
As you plot more variables on the map, it becomes more difficult to convey the relative importance of each one. Readability can be harmed if there are too many variables. BOTH A AND B
What marks the difference between north and south latitude?
Equator
GIS, RS, and GPS are three important components of geospatial technology. While they are very powerful, it is very difficult to for them to be used together for a specific application.
FAlse
In the space segment of the GPS system, an individual satellite transmits the position of the satellite, the precise time of the signal, and the current position of nearby satellites to the GPS receiver (user segment).
False
Overlaying is a spatial analysis operation that can only ever be applied to vector data.
False
The vast majority of the electromagnetic spectrum is visible to human eyes.
False
Which statement would you use to query for the countries with per capita GDP lower than $8,000?
GDP < 8,000
What's the level of measurement for the data in this map?
Interval
What is the status of Landsat 5?
It was decommissioned and permanently shut down in 2013
A flow map is a type of ______.
Line feature map
Which one of the following is NOT a requirement for map symbols?
Map symbols should resemble its real-word representation as much as possible.
Please select the mapping method used by this map.
NOT CARTOGRAMS
Which of the following statements about the State Plane Coordinate system (SPC) is true?
spc zone boundaries follow state and county boundaries
A point-feature thematic map that varies the size of each symbol based on the value of the mapped geographic variable is best described as a _______.
Proportional/graduated symbol map
What kind of map is this? Choose the most specific answer.
Qualitative change map
Selecting objects from one layer based on their spatial relationship with another layer describes a
Spatial Query
Which spatial analysis operation will select all areas from the first dataset and all areas from the second dataset, except those areas they have in common?
Symmetrical difference
Which of the following is TRUE about satellite remote sensing process?
The energy from sun passes through the atmosphere twice before reaching the satellite sensor.
Which of the following interpretation elements would be the MOST helpful in determining what this photo is showing?
the association of the ships with the structures hanging over them
Which is true about the differences between the vector data model and the raster data model?
The raster data model views the world as a continuous surface; the vector data model views the world as discrete objects with definable boundaries.
Following is a map of population change between April 2010 Census and 2012 estimate of the State of Wisconsin. What is the type of this map?
Thematic map
Which of the following is a form of geospatial data?
the room number of your dormitory
What type of map is this? Choose the most specific answer.
Topographic map
All maps are representation of real-world features in certain geographic realm at reduced scales.
True
In the GPS system, the control stations transmit satellite data to the master control station.
True
Reference maps show simple themes of geographic properties, such as political boundaries, roads, and cities.
True
True or False: The major difference between nominal and ordinal data is that the values of ordinal data are associated with order or rank.
True
True or False: The term spatial autocorrelation means that the value of a geographic attribute at a specific location could be similar to the values of the same attribute at the locations in the neighborhood.
True
The following figure shows an example of "map algebra" analysis. The first two 9x9 grid cells represent two raster data layers. Please perform subtraction on the two layers, and find out the values of a and b indicated in red in the third layer (the third 9x9 grid). Select the choice that matches your answer.
a=4; b=6
Which of the following is not an application of geospatial technology?
analysis the impact of diet on body health (self driving car, monitor forest regrowth, and google maps for navigation are)
___________ is a mathematical equation used to model the curvature of Earth, ____________ is used to reference latitude and longitude positions on such a model of the Earth.
ellipsoid, geodetic datum
Which data classification method was used to create the thematic map shown above?
equal intervals
Maps show spatial data, but CANNOT show non-spatial data.
false
What makes geospatial data unique?
it is always connected to a real-world location
What type of aerial photo is taken when the camera is placed at an angle?
oblique photo
Which of the following data is more likely to show on a thematic map rather than a reference map?
percentage of unemployed persons of a county
A geoid allows height measurements of various features on earth surface, thus it is a _____ datum.
vertical
What kind of map is this? Choose the most specific answer.
qualitative change map
Which of the following maps is a proportional symbol map?
# of hunting license holders per state (deer heads)
The figure below shows you 4 points and their X and Y coordinates. What is the X and Y coordinates of the mean center of the 4 points?
(4, 5)
Suppose that there are 5 eye clinics in a small town, and their coordinates (x,y) are: #1 (1, 6) #2 (3, 7) #3 (5, 2) #4 (8, 1) #5 (6, 9) What is the median center of the 5 clinics?
(5,6)
You want to build a new supermarket to help address food deserts at the median center of several high-density housing complexes. The housing complexes are located at the following (x, y) coordinates: (7, 6) (2, 6) (8, 2) (6, 5) (8, 1) Where should you build the supermarket?
(7,5)
The following map shows the percent change by county in population between 2000 and 2010 in Wisconsin. Using the map elements, such as symbol and legend, can you tell what is the range of population percent change in Dane county?
10.0 to 19.9
Of the choices below, which temporal resolution would be the most appropriate to monitor the progress of a wildfire?
12 hours
Which of the following representative fractions on a map have the smallest scale?
1:1,000,000
Landsat 8's multispectral imagery has a spatial resolution of ______.
30 m
The distance between Washington DC and New York is 3.3cm on a 1:10,000,000 map. What is the ground distance in km? (Note: 1km = 1,000m; 1m = 100cm)
330km
GPS satellites are divided into _____ orbital planes, and there are _____ satellites on each plane. Please select the correct combination of numbers to fill the two blanks in sequence.
6, 4
UTM divides the Earth into _____ north-south zones, and one UTM zone covers _____ degrees of longitude.
60, 6
The shore length of lake mendota is about 35km. What is its shore length if you measure on a a 1:70,000 map? (note: 1km = 100,000cm)
70 cm
Which of the following descriptions of the control segment of GPS is NOT correct?
All of the control stations are located inside the USA.
Which of the following global satellite navigation systems is NOT run by the U.S.?
GLONASS (NAVSTAR, WAAS, and GEOS are)
Which of the following satellites would be used to take images of individual single-family homes?
GeoEye-1
The origin point for 0 degrees longitude is in
Greenwich, England
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of remote sensing technology?
It is able to see through water bodies (like lake, ocean) and detect structures and life in very deep layers.
Which statement about Differential GPS (DGPS) is true?
It uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the satellite systems and the known fixed positions.
The map below shows the electoral votes in each State in the 2000 election. What type of geographic phenomenon does this map display?
NOT discrete, qualitative (idk right answer)
Which of the following data classification methods maximizes differences between categories and helps you find patterns inherent in your data?
Natural breaks
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of UTM?
Not good for areas with N-S extent
Which sensors are carried by Landsat 8?
OLI and TIRS
In the raster data model, ___________________.
a) areas are modeled using equally spaced and equally sized grid cells.
The following figure shows an example of "map algebra" analysis. The first two 9x9 grid cells represent two raster data layers. Please perform addition on the two layers, and find out the values of a and b indicated in red in the third layer (the third 9x9 grid). Select the choice that matches your answer.
a=12, b=6
Which of the following is a disadvantage of combined multivariate maps?
as you plot more variables it...difficult to convey relative importance of each one; readability can be harmed if there are too many variables (both a and B)
Which is not a basic element of visual image interpretation?
aspect
Non-spatial data in a GIS are referred to as
attributes
Imagine that you have two vector data layers for Dane county: 1) a river network layer with lines representing the rivers; 2) a crop land layer made with polygons representing croplands. If you are asked to find all the croplands that are within 500m of a river, which are the spatial analysis operations you will use in the correct sequence? Note that the sequence of the operations matters when you perform spatial analysis!
buffer, spatial query
Which of the following is NOT a level of measurement?
categorical
The following is a multivariate map, select ALL the mapping methods used in this map.
choropleth flow map
Which visual variable of symbols is used by the following map to show the difference in average age of farm operators?
color
This world map would be best described as a ________.
contiguous cartogram
On the map below, is the population density of China depicted as a discrete or a continuous phenomenon?
continuous
The UTM coordinate system uses _______ projections.
cylindrical
Which of the following datasets would be best displayed on a continuous surface map?
elevation
Because the clocks in both GPS satellites and receivers are so accurate, they cannot cause any errors.
false
Color saturation (or color intensity) is a visual variable that is suitable to show dramatic variation in quantities.
false
Each UTM zone corresponds to a time zone.
false
Even if you use two different datums, identical latitude and longitude coordinates will point to the exact same place on Earth's surface.
false
Everything on the Earth's surface reflects electromagnetic energy in the same way.
false
Geometric symbols are usually obvious enough to not require a legend.
false
Green wavelengths are absorbed by leaves, which is why they appear green to our eyes.
false
Human perception is good at distinguishing slight changes in shape size.
false
In a "color infrared" photo, energy in the red wavelengths is displayed as red.
false
It is only appropriate to use geometric symbols in proportional/graduated symbol maps, while mimetic symbols and pictographic symbols are too complicated and not desired in such maps.
false
Projected coordinate system uses latitude and longitude to pinpoint locations on the Earth.
false
Relief displacement gets worse as the altitude of the sensor/camera increases.
false
The physical arrangement of items in an aerial image refers to
false
To design a good map, one must use the compromise projection to consider the effects of all types of distortions.
false
To display a geographic feature on a map, it is always the best choice to group its values by equal intervals, regardless of the nature of the feature.
false
True or False: In an orthophoto, tall objects (such as towers and buildings) have the tendency to "bend" outward from the center point toward the edges.
false
True or False: Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer(MODIS) imagery can be used to map individual house and city blocks.
false
True or False: On a dot density map, the location of a dot represents the actual geographic location (e.g. longitude and latitude) of that dot.
false
True or False: Qualitative data describes the magnitude of features with numbers, while quantitative data portrays the category or type of features.
false
True or False: The VIIRS sensor on the Suomi NPP satellite has a very high spatial resolution.
false
True or False: The map below uses the visual variable of orientation.
false
True or False: The state plane coordinate system (SPC) uses meter as its measurement unit.
false
The process of merging a series of small-tile aerial photos into a large spatial-scale air photo is called _______.
mosaicking
When GPS signals bounce off objects (like buildings or trees) and arrive at the receiver later than anticipated, which of the following types of errors is occurring?
multipath
Which of the following operations can be used to find the shortest distance between a house (as a point in a vector data layer) and a park(as a polygon in a vector data layer)?
near operation
Which of the following bands would be the MOST useful to identify vegetation from other features?
near-infrared
What's the level of measurement for the data in this map?
nominal
Which level of measurement would be categorized as "qualitative data"?
nominal
The following figure shows you __________ symbols.
pictographic
Which of the following is NOT a map symbol visual variable?
placement
A projected map always has the least distortion at:
point/line of tangency
What marks the change between east and west longitude?
prime meridian
The geometric center of a vertically taken aerial photo is called the _______.
principal point
Which mapping method is NOT used on the map below?
proportional symbol; 2012 presidential election results
Which of the following is a possible application of GPS? Select ALL that apply.
track a package during shipment develop an auto driving car monitor the movement of glaciers
A smartphone with a navigation application such as Google Maps belongs to the user segment of the GPS system.
true
A topographic map is a type of reference map.
true
An aerial photo is an example of raster data.
true
Each UTM zone corresponds to a time zone.
true
In a paper map, the scale is fixed, while in a digital map (such as Google map), the scale is dynamic.
true
In aerial photos or high resolution satellite images, the shadow of an object can be indicative of the relative height of a feature. This is useful especially with orthophoto where the side of the object is usually unseen.
true
Network is the center of a GIS, as it connects all the other components.
true
Persuasive maps are intended to convey an idea rather than communicate geographic information.
true
Population density is a geographic feature that tends to have positive spatial autocorrelation patterns.
true
Since UTM has global coverage, it is suitable for mapping areas with a large spatial extent; for example, a map covering a nation or the entire globe.
true
Spatial queries are different from attribute data queries in that spatial queries select features by location. Correct!
true
True or False: A large-scale map displays a small portion of the earth's surface with great detail.
true
True or False: Conceptually, the classification of a geographic feature (such as a city park) as point, line or area is in part determined by the scale of the map.
true
True or False: Map A is more spatially autocorrelated than Map B (see below).
true (map a is .7 and map b is .5)
The Landsat 4 MSS sensor has the following bands: 1 (Blue): .450 - .515um, 2 (Green): .525 - .605, 3 (Red): .630 - .690, 4 (Near IR): .770 - .900, 5 (Mid IR) 1.55 - 1.75, 6 (Thermal IR): 10.4 - 12.5, 7 (Mid IR) 2.08 -2.35 If you combine the 3-2-1 band of Landsat image in the red, green, blue channel, you will create a
true color image
Which is (are) the typical data model(s) in GIS to handle geospatial data in a GIS? Please select all choices that apply. This is a Multi-Select Question.
vector data model; raster data model
Which of the following is an isoline/isopleth thematic map?
washington precipitation 1996
Which color gun/channel is NOT used to create a color composite on computer monitors?
yellow gun