GERIZAL Module 2 BEFORE 19TH CENTURY

Spanish Period

1565-1898

Parian

An area for the non-Christian Chinese; they were segregated

Ateneo Municipal de Manila

Ateneo Municipal

Barrio

Barangay

Cabecera

Bell Tower Main Church in the center

Council of the Indies

Body within the Castilian government that issued all laws and advised king on all matters dealing with the Spanish colonies of the New World.

Cross

Christianization Animism to Catholicism Doctrina Christina

Indio

Christianized natives (baptized)

Legacies of the Hispanization

Churches Stonehouses Veneration of Images Transportation Compadrazgo Fiestas

Secondary

Colegio for boys Boarding schools for Spanish and native elite/middle class girls Beaterios for Filipino girls

Colegio de Santa Potenciana

College of Sta. Isabel

Captain and Governor-General

Commander-in-Chief; heads the Real Audencia; vic-real patron

Confradia de San Jose

Confraternity (Religious Brotherhood) To preach; organize religious events; assist priests Neglected by Church and Spain Heretic according to the friars

Education

Controlled by the friars Religious and sectarian Dehumanizing due to its limit

Fray Andres De Urdaneta, O.S.A.

Developed a route from Manila to Acapulco

Francisco Maniago

ECONOMIC 1660-1661 Pampanga Resisted the requisition of men to cut timber for shipbuilding (POLO) Non-payment of quota goods sold to government (BANDALA)

Diego and Gabriela Silang

ECONOMIC 1762-1763; 1763-1764 Independent government in Vigan Abolish tribute Imprisoned due to demands

Political Power

Elections Censorship of books Administered schools Peace and Order Public Works

Sword

Entrada Those who will not abide will face violent repercussions

Encomienda

Entrusting of land by the King to the loyal Spaniards

Religious Power

Evangelization and Christianization

Inquilinos

Filipino middle class who acted as land managers for the friars

Seculars

Filipino parish priests who do not belong in a religious order

Polo Y Servicio

Forced labor

Real Compra de Bandala

Forced sale of crops to the colonial government Farmers had a quota to fulfill; if not, this will accumulate with the following quotas

Tributo

Form of Vassalage to the King as colonial subjects

Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade

Galleons transport Chinese and Asian goods to Mexico From different parts of the world > Manila > Acapulco, Mexico

Frailocratic

Government ruled by the friars

Acalde Mayor

Handled Alcaldia

Corregidor

Handled Corregimiento

Cabeza de Barangay

Handled the Barrio

Philippines

Hardwoods Textiles Bird's nests Spices Pears Mangoes Tamarind

India and Persia

Jewels Carpets Damasks Spices Other goods

King Philip II

King of Spain

Colegio de Ninos Huerfanos de San Juan de Letran

Letran College

Unhispanized zone

Location for the Infieles/Muslims

Women during the Spanish period

Low status Weak and passiveVictims of Friars

Chinese

Migrated in the 16th Century

Mexico

Mother colony

Moro

Muslims Revolution

Principales

Native Elite Descendants of the Datu

The following returns from Mexico to the Philippines

New groups of friars Rope Paper Gunpower Documents and news from Spain

Is Nationalism present during the Pre-19th Century?

No Natives reacted differently; thus, no one goal was established

Spice Islands (Moluccas)

Nutmeg Cloves Mace Pepper Other spices

University of Santo Tomas

Only university at that time

Plaza

Open space for convergences

Indio

Ordinary natives

Lakandula

POLITICAL 1574 Manila Loss of political freedom

Andres Malong

POLITICAL 1660-1661 Pangasinan = King of Pangasinan

Pedro Almazon

POLITICAL 1661 Ilocos = King of Ilocanos

Alcaldia

Pacified Provinces

Infieles

Pagans (non-Christian/non-Muslim) Retreated to the forest to avoid exploiters

Primary

Parish priests acted as teacher and only taught Christianity

Cedula personal

Payment of income tax = loyal to the King of Spain Replaced Tributo

Reasons for resisting Spanish rule?

Personal interest Political power Resistance to Economic Exploitation Against Catholicism

Monopoly

Planting of single crop, tobacco

Other parts of Southeast Asia

Porcelain from Thailand and Vietnames Textiles Sandalwood Ivory Pepper and other spices

Sangley

Pure Chinese who never became Christians From Southern China/ Lowest in the strata due to absence of conversion Chinese silk Lacquered wares, furniture Spices Exotic foods Opened small shops

Tapar

RELIGIOUS 1663 Panay proclaimed himself God Almighty No need for friars Go back to Babaylan

Francisco Dagohoy

RELIGIOUS 1744-1829 Bohol Refusal of priest to give a Christian burial to a Filipino

Hermano Pule/Apolinario De La Cruz

RELIGIOUS 1840-1841 Quezon Established Confradia de San Jose King of Tagalogs Killed by Quartering

Social Stratification

Race = Spanish, Natives, Chinese Religion = Baptized Christian, Muslim, Pagans

Resistance Movements

Rebellion - Indio Retreat - Infieles Raids - Moro

Characteristics of the Filipino resistance against Spanish rule

Regional Sectional Tribal Lack of unity among the natives Individuals fought against Spain based on their geographic location/ethnic affiliation

Powers of the friars

Religious, Political, Economic

Reduccion bajo el son de la campana

Resettlement under the sound of the church bell

Compadrazgo

Rituals that connect individuals Marriage, Baptism and Confirmation

Beaterio

School and nunnery Teaches Christianity, Good Manners and Right Conduct, Reading, Writing, Counting Sewing, Singing Examples: Sta. Catalina, Sta. Rosa, and Sta. Rita

Economic Power

Selling of Indulgences Donations Selling of Rosaries and Scapulary Owner of Friar Lands

Silver money

Selling of the goods are paid through this

China sends...

Silk Porcelain Gemstomes Gold Other chinese goods

Japan

Silverware Silk Other Japanese goods

Peninsulares

Spaniards born in Spain

Insulares/Filipinos

Spaniards born in colony

Reasons why Nationalism did not develop before 1872?

Spanish colonial policies — Divide-et-impera No concept of Nationalism yet No concept of a country (consciousness that natives belong to a single country — No concept of Motherland No common identity No common goal or objective Not bounded by single interest

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

Spanish navigator who took the Philippine through a relatively bloodless conquest. He founded the city of Manila.

Regulars

Spanish priests who belong in a religious order and can evangelize/convert

Beaterio de la Compania de Jesus

St. Mary's College

Monastic Supremacy

Supreme power of the friars in the Philippine colonial society Reason why Rizal and company were critical with the friars

How to further control the Chinese?

Taxation Deportation

Divide Et Impera

The natives were segregated to prevent them from unifying

Encomendro

To whom the lands of the Kings were entrusted Collects taxes from natives

Pueblo

Town

Gobernadorcillo

Town Mayor; handled Puelbo; highest rank a Filipino native can be

Royal Patronage

Union of Church and State; Captan and Governor-General shares the same power as Archbishop

Colegio de Nuesta Senora del Santisimo

University of Santo Tomas

Corregimiento

Unpacified Provinces

Active mission

Where conversion occures

Visita

Where small chapels are located for natives to go to hear mass How Christianity propagated

Viceroyalty of Mexico

Where the Philippines was governed through