Gerontology Final review

How do you educate an older adult on their care needs?

-Use clear words they can understand not medical jargon -Speak to them effectively and with respect - prepare for questions and repetitive instruction with patience and compassion

The 8 Erickson's theories include...

1) Trust vs mistrust 2)autonomy vs shame and doubt 3)initiative vs guilt 4)industry vs inferiority 5)Identity vs identity confusion 6) intimacy vs isolation 7)generatively vs stagnation 8) integrity vs despair

When performing an assessment of the gastrointestinal system of an older adult, the nurse would proceed in what order? Place the parts of the Gastrointestinal system assessment in sequential order from first to last. 1) palpate the abdomen 2) observe abdomen for scars 3)Obtain a health history 4) Inspect the oral cavity 5) Auscultate bowel sounds

3,4,2,5,1

How many minutes a day is suggested for an older adult?

30 minutes a day

Abuse by family effects approximately _____ Million older Americans each year?

5

Psychosocial theories

- Do not explain physical changes of aging - Attempt to explain why older adults have different response to aging

Factors that affect health promotion and Maintenance

- cultural beliefs play a part for food selection, preparation, and home remedies - are becoming a very diverse nation and nurses need to be aware of factors that affect cultural health-maintenance practices

Biologic theories of aging

- explain the physical changes of aging - attempt to describe the process by examining changes in cell structures and function

Elder Abuse can be In one of ________ different forms?

8 Different forms 1) self neglect 2) abuse by family or caregivers 3) physical 4) emotional 5) financial 6) psychological 7) neglect 8) abandonment

Erickson's theory has ______ stages of developmental tasks throughout the lifespan.

8 Stages

Abuse in healthcare settings typically occur due to which of the following? (select all that apply) A) Inadequate support for stressful situations on healthcare providers B)Screening measures fail to screen out individuals with past history of abuse or claims of abuse. c) Nurses are NOT mandated reporters of abuse

A & B

Error theory includes which of the following? ( select all that apply) a) Proposes that aging is caused by environmental damage overtime b) Errors in the ribonucleic and protein synthesis cause errors to occur in cells in the body which leads to progressive decline in biologic function c) Proposes we all make mistakes in life which causes us to age faster.

A & B

Which of the following are true statements regarding insomnia and is treatment? ( Select all that Apply) A) Sleep medications can be useful in short-term management of insomnia B) CBTI may be indicated when sleep medications fail. C) Valerian root is the most effective herb for the treatment of insomnia D) Tai Chi at bedtime has been shown to be effective in preventing insomnia. E) Taking the medication cortisone, especially late in the day, can contribute to insomnia

A & E

The nurse counseling a patient who ascribes to a fat-free diet knows the patient will likely have deficiencies of which vitamins? (Select all that apply.) A Vitamin A B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin E E. Vitamin K F. Vitamin B12

A Vitamin A C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin E E. Vitamin K

free radical theory

A microbiological theory of aging that states that people age because inside their cells normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules known as free radicals. These molecules ricochet around inside cells, damaging DNA and other cellular structures.

Jung's theory

-Proposes that development continues throughout life by a process of searching, questioning, and setting goals that are consistent with the individual's personality - thus life becomes an ongoing search for the "true self" - questions whether the decisions and choices were right for them.

The nurse is interviewing a patient whose husband died 18 months ago. Which statement indicates that the patient is adjusting to the loss? A) "I miss my husband every day. Focusing on our children and going back to work help me focus on the future" B) " Seeing our children grow without a father is too hard for me. I often wonder if I can go on" C) " I sent my children to my parents. I don't think I can be a good parent in my state" D) " My career was important to me before my husband died, but its been 18 months and i don't feel capable of going back to work quite yet."

A) "I miss my husband every day. Focusing on our children and going back to work help me focus on the future"

An Older adult is coming to your clinic for treatment for a gastric ulcer. Which treatment would the nurse expect to be ordered? A) Antibiotics B) Stress-reduction C) NSAIDs D) Iron supplements before breakfast and dinner

A) Antibiotics

The nurse is teaching an older adult with a history of severe cardiac problems that the goal is to use exercise to maintain the highest level of function possible. Which directions should be included in the patient education to prevent hypertension or use of the Valsalva maneuver? A) Breathe through your mouth while exercising B) Start slowly, and work up until you feel short of breath. C) Limit exercise to range of motion and stretching D) Perform isotonic and isometric exercise frequently

A) Breathe through your mouth while exercising

What type of living arrangements require a monthly fee for room and board, help with Activities of daily living , leisure activities and community environment that have area for dining and socialization? A) community- based living B) groups housing plans C) long term care facilities/ nursing home D) sub acute and specialty care facilities

A) Community based residential facility

A nurse is caring for an older adult with a history of cardiac problems. The nurse knows it is most important to institute measures to prevent which outcome? A) Constipation B) Diarrhea C) Urinary tract infection D) Bladder incontinence

A) Constipation

An older patient requests an evening snack. Which food is most appropriate to facilitate sleep? A) Graham cracker with Banana and milk B) Cheese, toast, and hot chocolate C) Slice of cake and hot tea D) Fruit, cheese and a glass of wine

A) Graham cracker with Banana and milk

When evaluating a clients lab values which of the following would be an age related change that could be indicated in the labs: A) Increased plasma viscosity B) Decreased immature T-cell response C) Increased mobilization of neutrophils D) Increased red cell production

A) Increased plasma viscosity

Which is true about the presence of pain at the time of death? Pain is.... A) One of the greatest fears of the dying person B) Usually of short duration and readily treated with analgesics C) Normal, expected and unavoidable D) Likely to require high doses of narcotic analgesics

A) One of the greatest fears of the dying person

A nurse is caring for an older adult who is bedridden because of progressed Parkinson disease. What is the most appropriate patient problem for this patient? A) Potential for altered skin integrity related to immobility B) Immobility related to Parkinson disease C) Altered skin integrity related to incontinence D) Ischemia related to disuse syndrome

A) Potential for altered skin integrity related to immobility

Family members are caring for their aging mother at home. Which statement by the daughter indicates the need for further teaching? ( Select all that apply) A) " I change mom's brief whenever it is really wet" B) " I make sure Mom eats good meals and extra snacks" C) " We try to change mom's position at least every two hours" D) I try to use lotion on mom's skin every morning and evening E) " I am glad we don't have to see the dentist anymore now that mom has dentures."

A, & E

When taking care of a patient with Osteoporosis It is important to recognize that they need supplementation for which of the following: ( Select all that apply) A) Calcium B) Vitamin D C) Zinc D) vitamin B12

A, B

Select factors that can contribute to the development of hypothermia in older adults. ( Select all that apply) A) Decreased muscle tissue B) Decreased sensory perception of cold C) Decreased subcutaneous fat D) Increased metabolism E) increased muscle activity

A, B, C

A nurse is asked to speak to a group of older adults about exercise and activity and aging. What are five benefits of exercise and activity for older adults that the nurse can discuss? (Select all that apply) A) Maintain independence B) Retain mobility C) Prevent or reduce depression D) Increased muscle tone E) decrease stress F) Expand social networking

A, B, C, E & F

When performing an interview with an older adult, the nurse should consider physical environment factors by: ( Select all that apply) A) Explaining what will take place during the assessment. B) Ensuring privacy and minimum noise levels C) Selecting a room with a comfortable temperature D) Ensuring bright lighting to enable the older adult to see clearly E) Having the interview done by a nurse of the same gender to build rapport F) Seeking a location in close proximity to a restroom

A, B, C, F

List four factors that are likely to cause sleep problems in older adults. (Select all that apply) A) Medical conditions B) Medications C) Over sleeping to compensate D) Poor sleep routines E) Psychological

A, B, D, & E

Your team is developing a fall reduction program on your unit. Which interventions would be important to remember when developing such a program? ( select all that apply) A) Patient assessment for fall risk factors upon admission and any change in patient condition B) Identification and removal of environmental hazards C) Avoid placing signage identifying patient with the fall risk to protect privacy D) Encourage patient participation in supervised group exercise program E) Perform regular medication reviews F) Use restraints on patients with high fall risk

A, B, D, E

What are patients who have had Parkinson's disease for 10 years likely to exhibit? ( Select all that apply) A) Rigidity and tremors when at rest B) Hemiparesis and aphasia C) Dementia D) Unilateral tremors and movement E) Tremors present during sleep

A, C

What is a diagnosis related group? (Select All that apply) A) established to control hospital cost, by setting a cost based off admitting diagnosis b) a group of older adults living in the same place c) leads to early discharge "quicker and sicker" d) hospitals can keep extra amount of patient is discharged early

A, C, & D

A nurse is caring for a patient with urge urinary incontinence. Based on the nature of this problem, the nurse plans to institute which nursing interventions? ( Select all that apply) A) avoid placing throw rugs in her room B) Offer her a cup of tea to reduce detrusor muscle spasms C) Place her close to the restroom, and remind her of its location D) Secure her pants with safety pins to keep them secure E) Orient the patient to the location of nearby restrooms

A, C, & E

Dyspnea, shortness of breath , and irregular breathing patterns are common as death nears. Which simple measures taken by the nurse would help alleviate mild respiratory difficulty? (Select all that apply) A) Administering oxygen by nasal cannula B) Administering prn atropine sulfate C) Instituting measures to reduce anxiety or tension D) Elevating the head of the bed E) Reminding visitors not to tire the patient

A, C, D, & E

What are the fat-soluble vitamins? A. A, C, D, and E B. B6, B12, C, and D C. A, D, E, and K D. B6, B12, C, and D

A, D, E, and K

Which are normal age- related changes? ( Select all that apply) A) Decreased visual acuity B) Blood pressure reading of 134/84 mmHg Hg C) Decreased long-term memory D) Increased gastric pH E) Increased muscle mass F) Decreased depth of respiration G) Increased calorie requirements F) Decreased serum albumin H) Increased subcutaneous tissue I) Decreased rate of peristalsis

A, D, H, I

Programed theory is defined as... (select all that apply) a) proposes that every person has a biological timeline b) each individual has a genetic "program" specifying predetermined number of cell divisions c) puts on a theatrical program of cell division d) As the program plays out the person experiences predictable changes (signs of aging)

A, b, & d

Self neglect is defined as which of the following? (Select all that apply) A) failure to provide for oneself because of lack of ability or awareness B) is likely to occur when an older person has few or no close family or friends, but can occur despite their presence C) sitting by yourself d) often connected to some form of mental illness or dementia

A,B,& D

When an older adult has a build up of lactic acid in their muscles it can cause which of the following problems: (Select all that apply) A) Muscles fatigue B) Muscle soreness C) Fall risk D) Unsteady Gait E) mental confusion

A,B,C,D

What are some indicators of self neglect? (select all that apply) A) Inability to maintain activities of daily living B)Inability to obtain adequate food and fluid c)Poor hygiene practices D) changes in mental function E) inability to maintain personal finances f)Desire to remain alone G) Suicidal acts H) failure to keep appointments

A,B,C,D,E,G,&H

Roles of the LVN in Geriatric nursing are which of the following? A) Contribute to the nursing plan of care b) Provision of care c)Communicating and teaching d) collaboration of care with all staff involved in care e) become the clients confidant f) delegation to CNA's g) Advocacy h) referrals

A,B,C,D,F,G,& H

When a nurse in the cardiac step down unit receives a patient who is exhibiting signs of CHF she will likely notice what symptoms in the client: ( Select all that apply) A)Dypsnea B) Coughing or wheezing with exertion or at rest C) Peripheral edema D) Nausea, Vomiting, and anorexia E) Weight gain without an increase in food intake

A,B,D,C,E

The nurse suspects deficient fluid volume in the older adult patient. Which lab values would the nurse anticipate to reflect dehydration? (Select all that apply.) A. BUN B. Sodium C. Creatinine D. Hematocrit E. Hemoglobin A1C F. White blood cell count

A. BUN B. Sodium C. Creatinine D. Hematocrit

The nurse knows the concentration of many drugs is decreased by the "first pass effect" of the liver and understands that older adults are likely to require which dosage change of these drugs? A. Decreased dose, same interval B. Increased dose, same interval C. Increased dose over more frequent intervals D. Same dose divided over more frequent intervals

A. Decreased dose, same interval

Which age-related changes can alter the distribution of medications? (Select all that apply.) A. Decreased liver mass B. Increased total body fat C. Increased total body water D. Decreased lean body mass E. Decreased total body mass F. Decreased vascularization of intestinal villi

A. Decreased liver mass C. Increased total body water D. Decreased lean body mass

The nurse knows to request transdermal route of medications for patients whenever possible for which reason(s)? (Select all that apply.) A. Decreased sepsis risk Correct B. Painless administration Correct C. Reduced aspiration risk Correct D. Immediate effect of the drug E. Increased compliance with treatments Correct F. Achievement of higher drug plasma concentrations

A. Decreased sepsis risk B. Painless administration C. Reduced aspiration risk E. Increased compliance with treatments

Lipoproteins transport fats in our blood. Which compound is helpful in reducing cholesterol deposition? A. High-density lipoprotein B. Low-density lipoprotein C. Very-low-density lipoprotein D. Chylomicrons

A. High-density lipoprotein

What is the reason that some medications should not be crushed or broken? A. It can alter the action of the drug. B. The physician ordered the drug in a certain form. C. It will not taste as good. D. The pharmacy does not approve.

A. It can alter the action of the drug

The nurse is preparing an ISBAR-R communication in order to call the provider of a patient who recently experienced a change in patient status. Which information should the nurse include in the introduction? (Select all that apply.) A. Nurse s name B. Patient s name C. Patient s most recent vital signs D. Patient s pertinent past medical history E. Nurse s request for action by the provider F. Nurse s assessment of the patient s change in condition

A. Nurse s name B. Patient s name

A patient who only speaks Spanish is admitted to the hospital through the emergency department. Her daughter, who speaks both English and Spanish, is present and serving as a translator. The patient must undergo a series of non-emergent, invasive tests for which informed consent is necessary. How should the nurse proceed? A. Place a hold on the tests until a hospital interpreter can be involved in the informed consent process B. Proceed with the tests without consent because the patient's life depends on a prompt diagnosis C. Explain the procedures using the patient's daughter to translate and have the patient sign the consent form D. Obtain an explanation for the procedures in Spanish and answer any questions the patient may have through her daughter

A. Place a hold on the tests until a hospital interpreter can be involved in the informed consent process

The nurse is caring for a patient who has developed hypotension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and restlessness over the past 4 hours. The nurse calls the primary care provider and states, "This is Sally, the nurse caring for Mr. Smith in room 502. Over the last four hours, his heart rate has jumped from 82 to 124 beats per minute, his blood pressure has dropped from 134/92 to 98/66, and he is diaphoretic and seems restless. I'm concerned about this change in his condition and feel he needs to be examined by you." Which elements of ISBAR-R communication are missing from this phone call? (Select all that apply.) A. Situation B. Readback C. Assessment D. Background E. Introduction F. Recommendation

A. Situation B. Readback D. Background

When more food calories are consumed than are used, what results? A. The excess calories are stored as fat. B. The body excretes the excess in the urine and feces. C. The food is held in the bowel until its energy is needed. D. The metabolism increases to burn off the extra calories.

A. The excess calories are stored as fat.

What is the most appropriate descriptor of touch? A. Touch is a basic need of all humans. B. Touch is not usually considered a form of communication. C. Rough handling is an option when other forms of communication fail. D. Older adults seem to outgrow the need for human touch.

A. Touch is a basic need of all humans.

The patient presents to the clinic and makes the statement, "As I've gotten older, I've noticed my skin is so much drier, it takes forever for even the smallest wounds to heal, and although my vision is fine during the day, at night I can't see to drive safely!" The nurse should be concerned the patient is experiencing which vitamin deficiency? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin B12

A. Vitamin A

The method used to test drugs and establish therapeutic dosages typically considers the characteristics of only which group(s) of people? A. Young adult men B. Older adult men C. Older adult men and women D. Young adult women

A. Young adult men

When two people have a sympathetic and understanding relationship, it is said that they have developed a A. rapport. B. closure. C. familiarity. D. fraternity

A. rapport.

The nurse is caring for a patient who recently underwent surgery for the removal of the distal colon and creation of a colostomy. During the morning assessment, the patient becomes tearful while answering the nurse's questions. What is the best response on the part of the nurse? A.Say nothing and allow the patient to collect her thoughts B. "I know I would not be handling this surgery nearly as well as you are already." C. "I imagine you are very scared at how your family will react to your colostomy." D. "I will have someone from a colostomy support group come speak with you on ways to adapt to the new colostomy."

A.Say nothing and allow the patient to collect her thoughts

Theory

An abstract statement formulated to predict, explain or describe the relationships among concepts, constructs, or events

Physical abuse by family members is defined as

Any action that causes physical pain or injury

The Nursing process includes

Assessment Analysis Planning Implementation Evaluation

Disengagement theory is (select all that apply) a)Non controversial b) proposes that older adults are systematically separated, excluded, or disengaged from society because they are NOT perceived to benefit society c) Older adults desire to withdraw from society as they age so the disengagement is mutually beneficial

B & C

How often should an elderly client visit the dentist? ( select all that apply) a) every two years b) Yearly c) Every six months for cleaning d) once a month

B & C

A home health nurse is visiting her patients and evaluating their exercise routines. Which patients meet the current recommendations for physical activity? ( Select all that apply) A) Tom, a former marathon runner, power walks 30 minutes every weekday. B) Marge, a retired nurse, swims 25 minutes every day except Sunday and does strength training with weights on Tuesdays and Fridays. C) Jose lifts weights in his home gym every day and walks to the grocery store twice a week. D) Yi-Lin plays video fitness 3 times each day, 10 minutes each time, and performs weight lifting 3 times a week.

B & D

The patient problem of altered activity tolerance related to oxygenation problems was identified. Which statement made by the patient would indicate to the nurse the need for further teaching? A) " I'll need to rest if my pulse rate gets too fast" B) " I need to do my activities quickly to get everything done" C) " I need to work on strategies that reduce my stress." D) " I'll use my oxygen so I can breathe easier."

B) " I need to do my activities quickly to get everything done"

While caring for an older adult the nurse determines that further teaching regarding bowel elimination is needed when the patient makes which statement? A) " Ill do some exercise and increase my daily fluid intake" B) " I'll give myself an enema if I don''t have a bowel movement every day" C) "I'll Increase my intake of fruits and vegetables " D) " I'll try to eat more whole grain foods, like bran, daily"

B) " I'll give myself an enema if I don''t have a bowel movement every day"

The nurse performs a skin assessment of an older adult. Which finding is abnormal and needs to be reported? A) Increased patches of dark pigmentation on exposed skin B) A dark, elevated patch that bleeds when touched C) Deep wrinkles and frown lines around the mouth and eyes D) Numerous brown or flesh-colored skin tags around the neck

B) A dark, elevated patch that bleeds when touched

Which statement is incorrect? A) If the patient complains of respiratory difficulties even though vital signs and oxygen saturation are normal, he is mostly likely developing delrium. B) A dying woman with end-stage kidney disease should be allowed to choose foods she enjoys even if they are not part of the renal diet. C) The primary goal of end-of-life care is to alleviate suffering and provide the dying person the best quality of life possible D) Artificial nutrition and hydration may cause a greater burden than benefit to a dying person.

B) A dying woman with end-stage kidney disease should be allowed to choose foods she enjoys even if they are not part of the renal diet.

The nurse should instruct the nursing assistant who is caring for a patient who is receiving antihypertensive medication to: A) Have at least two people assist with ambulation B) Encourage him or her to stand up slowly from sitting or lying position. C) Take the blood pressure if he or she complains of diplopia D) Provide additional salt with his or her meals

B) Encourage him or her to stand up slowly from sitting or lying position.

What type of living arrangement may be simple apartments without any special services or limited services, such as access to nursing clinics and special transportation arrangements with long waiting list and government is the subsidizer? A) group housing plans B) government-subsidized housing C) Assistive/ independent living centers D) life lease or life-contract facilities

B) Government-subsidized housing

A Nurse is caring for an older adult who recently had small watery bowel movements. The patient now complains of pressure in the rectal area and abdominal cramping. Which is the most appropriate initial nursing action? A) Administer and oil- retention enema B) Notify the primary care provider of these observations C) Digitally stimulate the rectal sphincter D) Administer the "as needed" (prn) laxative medication

B) Notify the primary care provider of these observations

Which assessment tool is most highly regarded and often used to determine the mental status of the older adult? A) SPICES assessment Tool B) The mini-cog C) Short test for dementia D) MDS 3.0

B) The mini-cog

What type of living arrangements are designed for 2 or more unrelated people who share a household in which they have private bedrooms but share the common recreation space as well as the maintenance? A) community- based living B) groups housing plans C) long term care facilities/ nursing home D) sub acute and specialty care facilities

B) groups housing plans

A nurse is caring for a 71-year-old immobile patient who has been in a wheelchair for 2 hrs. When repositioning the patient, the nurse observes a reddened area at the base of the buttocks. How would this observation be best documented? A) Stage 2 pressure injury at greater trochanter B) stage 1 pressure injury at the ischial tuberosity C) Stage 1 pressure injury on iliac crest D) Stage 0 pressure injury on posterior superior iliac spine

B) stage 1 pressure injury at the ischial tuberosity

A nurse was completing a cardiovascular assessment on a patients peripheral vascular system she is evaluating the three P's which are listed correctly as: A) Pulse, purulence, position B)Pain, palor, and pulselessness C)palor, position, pain D)pulselessness, position, palor

B)Pain, palor, and pulselessness

A calorie restricted, low-sodium diet was prescribed for a terminally ill patient who has diabetes, is in kidney failure, and has a do not resuscitate order. As death nears, the patient has very little appetite and picks at the food. What should appropriate nursing interventions include? ( Select all that apply) A) Continue diet as ordered B) Encourage family to bring in small amounts of food from home C) Serve food in a place free from odors D) Encourage the person to eat at least one bite of each food group E) Require person to eat at least one bite of each food from home. F) Provide good oral hygiene

B, C,D,F

Which manifestation(s) indicate(s) serious heat-related problems? ( Select all that apply) A) Cramps in the legs B) Vomiting C) Heavy perspiration D) Profound weakness E) Mental Changes F) Throbbing headaches

B, D, E, F

The nurse works with elderly clients in a wellness screening clinic on a weekly basis. Which of the following statements made by the nurse is the most therapeutic regarding their mobility? A. "Your shoulder pain is normal for your age." B. "Continue to exercise your joints regularly to your tolerance level." C. "Why don't you begin walking 3 to 4 miles a day, and we'll evaluate how you feel next week." D. "Don't worry about taking that combination of medications since your doctor has prescribed them."

B. "Continue to exercise your joints regularly to your tolerance level."

Which of the following responses by an older-adult client is most reflective of a need for further education by the nurse regarding the physiological changes associated with the older adult? A. "I call a cab if I want to go out after dark." B. "I can't help worrying about becoming forgetful." C. "I have my eyes checked regularly. Can't afford to fall." D. "I really enjoy eating good vanilla ice cream, but I have cut way down." 0%

B. "I can't help worrying about becoming forgetful."

Which of the following statements made by a family member of a client recently diagnosed with early stages of Alzheimer's disease is most reflective of an understanding of this disease process? A. "Dad has always been a fighter; he'll fight this too. He won't give up." B. "We have an appointment with his care provider to see about medication therapy." C. "Good thing we found out about this early so we can prevent this from getting worse." D. "We have a made arrangements to discuss nursing home placement for dad."

B. "We have an appointment with his care provider to see about medication therapy."

The nurse is caring for an obese older adult who wishes to lose weight to improve her overall health and well-being. The nurse knows that, in order for the patient's nutritional needs to be met, the patient's daily caloric intake should not be less than which amount of calories? A. 1000 B. 1200 C. 1800 D. 250

B. 1200

The nurse knows which factors are vital in order to communicate effectively with his co-workers and patients? (Select all that apply.) A. Proper eye contact B. A need to share information C. A common language and dialect D. Proper enunciation and pronunciation of words E. An understanding of existing barriers to communication F. The belief that each individual has something of worth to say

B. A need to share information E. An understanding of existing barriers to communication F. The belief that each individual has something of worth to say

The nurse is caring for an elderly patient recently admitted to the medical/surgical floor. With which written medication order would the nurse feel comfortable complying? A. MSO4 25 mg PO q4h PRN for pain B. Acetaminophen 500 mg PO q4h PRN for pain C. Levothyroxine 100 µg PO qDay for hypothyroidism D. Digoxin 0.25 mg PO qDay, hold for HR

B. Acetaminophen 500 mg PO q4h PRN for pain

The nurse is caring for a patient with dysphagia and knows to be alert for which life-threatening emergency? A. Seizure B. Aspiration C. Malnutrition D. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

B. Aspiration

What are some ways to prevent abuse of Older adults? (select all that apply) A) record the adults or staff without permission b) Hire adequate staff c) Increase training for signs of abuse d) Respite care for Older adults

B. C, & D

Which mineral is important in blood clotting, is the most common mineral in the body, and functions in nerve transmission? A. Iron Incorrect B. Calcium C. Phosphorus D. Magnesium

B. Calcium

The aging female patient wishes to slow the progress of osteoporosis. Intake of which vitamins and minerals would be most helpful for this patient to slow the progress of osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.) A. Iron B. Calcium C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin D E. Phosphorus F. Vitamin B12

B. Calcium D. Vitamin D

The nurse is caring for a patient who has developed dysphagia and requires all enteric medications and feedings to be provided through a nasogastric tube. Currently, the patient's medications are entirely pills. What is the nurse's best action? A. Insert an intravenous catheter and request intravenous forms of each medication B. Consult with the interprofessional team to determine the best course of action for this patient C. Remove liquid forms of each medication from the Pyxis and administer those instead of the pill form D. Crush each pill individually, dissolve it in a small amount of sterile water, and instill it into the tube, flushing between medications

B. Consult with the interprofessional team to determine the best course of action for this patient

The elderly patient has been prescribed cimetidine for gastroesophageal reflux disease. The nurse knows the provider will order which lab test to help determine the patient's dose of this medication? A. Serum creatinine B. Creatinine clearance C. No test is needed for this drug D. Blood urea nitrogen level (BUN)

B. Creatinine clearance

The nurse in the long term care facility is caring for a patient who receives multiple medications several times a day for multiple comorbidities. Although the patient took the medications at breakfast, lunch, and dinner today, the patient is refusing his bedtime medications. What is the best course of action on the part of the nurse? A. Tell the patient he will die without his medications B. Document the patient's noncompliance and call the provider C. Crush the medications and mix in ice cream without telling the patient D. Call the patient's wife to help reason with the patient to take the medication

B. Document the patient's noncompliance and call the provider

The nurse is providing diet education to a patient with hypercholesterolemia who is to undergo abdominal surgery. Which food would be most appropriate to recommend to this patient? A. Sautéed liver and onions B. Grilled chicken with broccoli C. Grilled steak with baked potato D. Ham sandwich and tomato soup

B. Grilled chicken with broccoli

In performing a physical assessment for an older adult, the nurse anticipates finding which of the following normal physiological changes of aging? A. Increased perspiration B. Increased airway resistance C. Increased salivary secretions D. Increased pitch discrimination

B. Increased airway resistance

What is a true statement concerning body language? A. Body language is important mostly in social situations. B. People trust body language over the spoken word. C. How we sit is not considered body language. D. Body language is not a part of communication.

B. People trust body language over the spoken word.

How is protein best described? A. Fats and carbohydrates are the building blocks of protein. B. Protein is the basic structural material of the body. C. Total protein information on food labels is an excellent guide to its nutritional value. D. The most complete sources of protein are usually low in fat

B. Protein is the basic structural material of the body.

The patient undergoing surgery requests information on ways to speed healing. The nurse would recommend increasing intake of which type of food? A. Fats B. Proteins C. Simple carbohydrates D. Complex carbohydrates

B. Proteins

Which information obtained by the home health nurse when making a visit to an 88-year-old with mild forgetfulness is of the most concern? A. The patient's son uses a marked pillbox to set up the patient's medications weekly. B. The patient has lost 10 pounds (4.5 kg) during the last month. C. The patient is cared for by a daughter during the day and stays with a son at night. D. The patient tells the nurse that a close friend recently died.

B. The patient has lost 10 pounds (4.5 kg) during the last month

The basal metabolic rate A. increases as a person ages. B. decreases as a person ages. C. stays at a genetic set point. D. varies with food intake.

B. decreases as a person ages

Geropharmacology is a study of A. ergonomics. B. how older adults respond to medication. C. how older adults self-medicate. D. routes of pharmaceutical administration

B. how older adults respond to medication.

The study of use of personal space in communication is called A. proximate. B. proxemics. C. proximity. D. proxy.

B. proxemics.

The space between 4 and 12 feet is called A. public space. B. social space. C. personal space. D. intimate space.

B. social space.

In promoting sleep hygiene practices for her older adult patient, what should the nurse suggest? ( Select all that apply) A) Implement a routine of bedtime cocoa B) Make the bedroom warm for a comfortable sleep C) Eat a light snack before a bedtime D) Develop a daily exercise program, preferably outdoors. E) If the older adult cannot fall asleep, lie there until it eventually happens.

C & D

The nurse notices that an older adult is using a large amount of denture fixative paste. The patient states this is because the denture hurts, otherwise. What is the most important nursing action? A) Make a note about this practice in the patient's care plan, and make a note to tell the dentist. B) Check that the denture does not have rough spots and that all of the old fixative has been removed. C) Assess the patient's oral cavity to make sure there is no irritation or breakdown. D) Assist the patient with oral hygiene, and request an order for a topical anesthetic to reduce oral discomfort.

C) Assess the patient's oral cavity to make sure there is no irritation or breakdown.

What time of housing arrangement consists of private apartments that are purchased or rented and have a variety of levels of medical, nursing, and personal care services available? A) group housing plans B) government-subsidized housing C) Assistive/ independent living centers D) life lease or life-contract facilities

C) Assistive/ independent living centers

A patient, who lost his wife 6 months ago, has been diagnosed with clinical depression. He plans to ask his primary care provider for a prescription for sleep medication. He asks for advice about what else he can do. The lack of sleep is interfering with his daytime activities, making him feel like he's "In a fog" and he states that his COPD is getting worse. What should the nurse keep in mind when providing an answer? A) Most of the newer sleep medications are safe choices for people with depression. B) Benzodiazepines carry the low risk of dependance. C) CBTI is more effective than medications in treating insomnia D) The newer medication, ramelteon, is the best choice for someone with COPD.

C) CBTI is more effective than medications in treating insomnia

Your older female patient is complaining because she is having frequent UTI'S. Which normal age-related change is most likely to be a contributing factor? A) Increased nocturnal urine production B) Decreased perception of the need to void C) Decreased bladder muscle tone D) Urinary incontinence

C) Decreased bladder muscle tone

Decreased cardiac muscle tone in an older adult patient can result in which of the following: A) Decreased adaption to changes in blood pressure B) Increased risk for heart murmurs C) Decreased tissue oxygenation related to decreased cardiac output and reserve D) Increased blood pressure

C) Decreased tissue oxygenation related to decreased cardiac output and reserve

The nurse encourages the patient to maintain a steady weight in the recommended range to decrease risk of which common endocrine disease observed in older adults? A) Hypothyroidism B) hyperthyroidism C) Diabetes mellitus D) Diabetes insipidus

C) Diabetes mellitus

When taking a radial pulse of an older adult, the nurse finds it difficult to count weak and thready pulse. What should the nurse do? A) Gently apply more pressure with three fingers to obtain a stronger pulse B) Take the person's blood pressure to get the heart rate reading from the machine. C) Take an Apical pulse instead D) Document, "weak", thready pulse, rate N/A

C) Take an Apical pulse instead

What type of living arrangement is broken down into 3 levels Skilled, intermediate, and custodial care that perform or assist in the performance of all activities of daily living? A) community- based living B) groups housing plans C) long term care facilities/ nursing homes D) sub acute and specialty care facilities

C) long term care facilities

When should medications be charted as administered? A. As they are prepared B. When the order is transcribed C. As they are administered D. After they are actually taken

C. As they are administered

Which is the most accurate way to verify identification? A. Call the person by name to see if he or she responds. B. Compare the medication record with the room number. C. Compare the medication record with the identification bracelet. D. Look at the chart.

C. Compare the medication record with the identification bracelet.

The nurse overhears an unlicensed assistive personnel say to an older adult patient, "Alright, honey, are we ready to get out of bed now?" How should the nurse handle this situation? A. Say nothing, the UAP clearly cares for the patient B. Report this case of ageism to the nursing supervisor C. Discuss with the UAP in private how to properly address older adult patients D.Interrupt the UAP and demand she call the patient by his proper title and name

C. Discuss with the UAP in private how to properly address older adult patients

What term describes putting yourself in another person's place to understand his or her feelings and thoughts better? A. Communication B. Proxemics C. Empathy D. Echoing

C. Empathy

The nurse is planning client education for an older adult being prepared for discharge home after hospitalization for a cardiac problem. Which nursing action addresses the most commonly determined need for this age-group? A. Suggest that he purchase an emergency in-home alert system. B. Arrange for the client to receive meals delivered to his home daily. C. Encourage the client to use a compartmentalized pill storage container for his daily medications. D. Provide only written document describing the medications the client is currently prescribed.

C. Encourage the client to use a compartmentalized pill storage container for his daily medications.

What is true about water? A. About 20% of a person's body weight is water. B. Fruits and vegetables are poor sources of water. Incorrect C. Fluid loss from the skin of the older adult is responsible for wrinkling. D. The total amount of water in the bloodstream remains about the same as we age.

C. Fluid loss from the skin of the older adult is responsible for wrinkling.

A patient with dehydration is receiving gentamicin. The nurse knows dehydration effects the gentamicin blood concentration in which manner? A. Increased gentamicin sequestered in fat B. Decreased gentamicin sequestered in fat C. Increased gentamicin blood concentration D. Decreased gentamicin blood concentration

C. Increased gentamicin blood concentration

What organ is the primary site of drug metabolism? A. Kidneys B. Pancreas C. Liver D. Stomach

C. Liver

The nurse is attempting to obtain social information from a patient newly admitted to the long term care facility. Which type of questioning is most helpful to obtain this information? A. Direct B. Indirect C. Open-ended D. Confrontational

C. Open-ended

The nurse works in a long term care facility that also employs medication assistants. Which medications are appropriate to delegate to the medication assistant? (Select all that apply.) A. IV antibiotics to a patient with cellulitis of the lower leg B. Albuterol nebulizer to the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease C. PO furosemide to the patient in left-sided heart failure D. Subcutaneous insulin injection to the patient with a sliding scale for insulin administration E. PO lactulose to the patient with hepatic encephalopathy F. Transdermal fentanyl patch to the patient with Parkinson's disease

C. PO furosemide to the patient in left-sided heart failure E. PO lactulose to the patient with hepatic encephalopathy

In reviewing changes in the older adult, the nurse recognizes that which of the following statements related to cognitive functioning in the older client is true? A. Delirium is usually easily distinguished from irreversible dementia. B. Therapeutic drug intoxication is a common cause of senile dementia. C. Reversible systemic disorders are often implicated as a cause of delirium. D. Cognitive deterioration is an inevitable outcome of the human aging process.

C. Reversible systemic disorders are often implicated as a cause of delirium.

The nurse caring for an older adult in the hospital must administer an intramuscular injection. What is the best location for this injection? A. Deltoid B. Abdomen C. Ventrogluteal D. Anterior thigh

C. Ventrogluteal

There are factors that influence the musculoskeletal system associated with aging. The nurse recognizes that with age: A. Men have the greatest incidence of osteoporosis B. Muscle fibers increase in size and become tighter C. Weight-bearing exercise reduces the loss of bone mass D. Muscle strength does not diminish as much as muscle mass

C. Weight-bearing exercise reduces the loss of bone mass

The nurse is providing education to a patient with diabetes mellitus on appropriate diet choices to help control blood sugar and asks the patient to select a food that is a source of complex carbohydrates. The patient demonstrates an understanding of complex carbohydrates by selecting which food choices? A. Glazed donut B. Glass of milk C. Whole grain pasta D. Grilled chicken breast

C. Whole grain pasta

The best distance for close interpersonal communication is A. 12 feet or more. B. between 4 and 12 feet. C. between 18 inches and 4 feet. D. less than 18 inches.

C. between 18 inches and 4 feet.

When developing the plan of care for an older adult who is hospitalized for an acute illness, the nurse should A. use a standardized geriatric nursing care plan. B. plan for likely long-term-care transfer to allow additional time for recovery. C. consider the preadmission functional abilities when setting patient goals. D. minimize activity level during hospitalization.

C. consider the preadmission functional abilities when setting patient goals.

Most drugs are absorbed through the A. mucosal tissue. B. mouth. C. gastrointestinal tract. D. respiratory tract.

C. gastrointestinal tract.

In communication, an object that suggests something without requiring verbal communication is called a A. totem. B. signal. C. symbol. D. report.

C. symbol

In helping the registered nurse perform an admission and assessment of a new patient, you mutually recognize this patient is at risk for skins tears. Which would be appropriate to include in the care plan? ( Select all that apply) A) Apply lotion after the daily bath to moisten the skin. B) Dress patient in short sleeves to allow for better visualization of skin. C) Apply steri-strips if a skin tear appears. D) Move and position the patient gently and carefully. E) Use safe sunblock when sun exposure is expected.

D & E

What percentage of income does social security account for people age 65 and older? A) 20% B) 35% C) 80% D) 49%

D) 49%

A nurse is caring for an older patient who complains of dry and itchy skin. What advice should the nurse offer? A) Advise the patient not to scratch and to trim the nails so they are less likely to break the skin and get an infection B) Advise the patient to drink more fluids, use cool water when bathing, and wear cotton clothing daily only. C) Advise the patient to ask their primary care provider for an antihistamine prescription to decrease the itching. D) Advise the patient to bathe less often, use soap sparingly, and apply a skin emollient after each bath.

D) Advise the patient to bathe less often, use soap sparingly, and apply a skin emollient after each bath.

The nurse is caring for an older adult residing in a community-based residential facility. The patient states, " I just don't know what to do except sleep. I worked hard all my life; I never had the time or money to do lots of things." Which nursing intervention is the most appropriate to meet this client's diversional activity needs? A) Schedule the patient to join a museum trip with the local senior center B) Select books and videos from the library to occupy his time. C) Refer him to occupational therapy for evaluation. D) Explore the variety of activities that are now available to him.

D) Explore the variety of activities that are now available to him.

When assessing the respiratory system of an older adult, the nurse hears continuous, course, low-pitched sounds. How would these sounds be reported ? A) Rales (crackles) B) Wheezes C) Friction Rub D) Gurgles ( low-pitched wheezes)

D) Gurgles ( low-pitched wheezes)

What should the nurse explain when discussing expected changes in the female reproductive system to an older adult? A) Increased pubic hair is expected B) Uterine enlargement is normal C) Vaginal tissues become more vascular D) Production of vaginal secretions decreases

D) Production of vaginal secretions decreases

An older woman has begun to stay in her apartment, avoiding socializing with her peers in the independant living center. She states that she cannot wait when she needs to urinate. She is afraid that she will have an accident. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take? A) Tell her not to worry because many of the other ladies have the same problem. B) Suggest that she begin to wear an adult incontinence garment when she goes out. C) Recommend that she restrict her fluid intake so the problem does not occur as often D) Provide encouragement, and discuss kegel exercises and other approaches to cope with incontinenece

D) Provide encouragement, and discuss kegel exercises and other approaches to cope with incontinenece

The wife of an overweight older adult reports that her husband snores very loudly, then stops breathing several times each night. In addition to recommending a visit to the primary care provider, what should the nurse suggest? A) The husband should have a glass of wine at bedtime to promote relaxation B) The husband should use OTC decongestants to open the respiratory passages C) The husband should sleep in the supine position with two pillows to open the airway. D) The husband should try to lose weight and sleep in a side-lying position

D) The husband should try to lose weight and sleep in a side-lying position

Who is the primary caregiver for most older adults? A) son B) Mother C) cousin d) daughter or daughter in law

D) daughter or daughter in law

Woman fears getting old because they don't fit in mainstream society A) Elder Phobia b)Older Phobia c) Maturophobia d) Gerontophobia

D) gerontophobia

What type of living arrangements require a large initial and substantial monthly rental and service fees and allow individuals and couples residence for life? A) group housing plans B) government-subsidized housing C) Assistive/ independent living centers D) life lease or life-contract facilities

D) life lease or life-contract facilities

A 70-year-old client asks the nurse to explain to her about hypertension. An appropriate response by the nurse as to why older clients often have hypertension is due to: A. Myocardial muscle damage B. Reduction in physical activity C. Ingestion of foods high in sodium D. Accumulation of plaque on arterial walls

D. Accumulation of plaque on arterial walls

Which of the following statements accurately reflects data that the nurse should use in planning care to meet the needs of the older adult? A. 50% of older adults have two chronic health problems. B. Cancer is the most common cause of death among older adults. C. Nutritional needs for both younger and older adults are essentially the same. D. Adults older than 65 years of age are the greatest users of prescription medications

D. Adults older than 65 years of age are the greatest users of prescription medications

The new nurse would like to determine when it is appropriate to use caring touch. When is the best occasion for the nurse to use caring touch? A. When the patient is visibly in pain B. While delivering bad news to the patient C. Whenever speaking one-on-one with the patient D. After consent has been obtained from the patient

D. After consent has been obtained from the patient

The nurse is aware that the majority of older adults: A. Live alone B. Live in institutional settings C. Are unable to care for themselves D. Are actively involved in their community

D. Are actively involved in their community

What is true regarding carbohydrates? A. Complex carbohydrates are a good source of minerals but not vitamins. B. The soluble fiber in simple sugars aids in bowel elimination. C. The following are high in complex carbohydrates: honey, candy, table sugar, and maple syrup. D. Complex carbohydrates may play a role in reducing blood cholesterol levels.

D. Complex carbohydrates may play a role in reducing blood cholesterol levels.

With aging, what typically occurs in total body mass, lean body mass, total body water, and total body fat? A. Decrease in total body mass, total body fat, and total body water; increase in lean body mass B. Increase in total body mass, lean body mass, and total body water; decrease in total body fat C. Decrease in total body mass and lean body mass; increase in total body water and total body fat D. Decrease in total body mass, lean body mass, and total body water; increase in total body fat

D. Decrease in total body mass, lean body mass, and total body water; increase in total body fa

The nurse is setting up an education session with an 85-year-old patient who will be going home on anticoagulant therapy. Which strategy would reflect consideration of aging changes that may exist with this patient? A. Show a colorful video about anticoagulation therapy. B. Present all the information in one session just before discharge. C. Give the patient pamphlets about the medications to read at home. D. Develop large-print handouts that reflect the verbal information presented.

D. Develop large-print handouts that reflect the verbal information presented.

Which of the following interventions should be taken to help an older client to prevent osteoporosis? A. Decrease dietary calcium intake. B. Increase sedentary lifestyles C. Increase dietary protein intake. D. Encourage regular exercise.

D. Encourage regular exercise

Estimates indicate that more than 35% of older adults take how many prescription medications? A. Three or more B. One to two C. One to three D. Five or more

D. Five or more

The patient complains of dizziness and light-headedness when changing from lying to sitting or sitting to standing. Closer examination shows the patient suffers from orthostatic hypotension. Which common problem of older adults may contribute to this condition? A. Malnutrition B. Osteoporosis C. Fluid volume excess D. Fluid volume deficit

D. Fluid volume deficit

What may influence the nutritional status of older adults? A. Free time B. Ability to hear C. Television viewing habits D. General health and emotional status

D. General health and emotional status

Which substance or structure requires iron to function properly in transporting oxygen in the blood? A. Histamine B. Hemocytoblast C. Hematocrit D. Hemoglobin

D. Hemoglobin

What is a true statement regarding communication? A. The content of the spoken word is always more important than the tone in which it is delivered. B. People will disregard body language if it contradicts the spoken message. C. Nonverbal communication, such as eye contact, is consistent across cultural lines. D. Older adults may feel intimidated by the hurried rate of speech of younger nurses.

D. Older adults may feel intimidated by the hurried rate of speech of younger nurses.

The nurse must provide education to an older patient who will begin insulin injection therapy. How should the nurse adapt this education to an older adult? A. Speak loudly and clearly in short sentences B. Provide printed educational materials on the administration of insulin C. Ensure the patient's family member or caregiver is present for the education D. Provide ample time for the patient to demonstrate this skill while being supervised

D. Provide ample time for the patient to demonstrate this skill while being supervised

The nurse is caring for an older adult patient who averts her eyes when the nurse speaks to her. How should the nurse interpret this nonverbal language? A. The patient is sad and scared. B. The patient is defiant and disagrees with the nurse. C. The patient is being respectful of the nurse's authority. D. The patient's culture may have specific rules for maintaining eye contact.

D. The patient's culture may have specific rules for maintaining eye contact.

Adverse reactions to medications are most common in A. infants. B. toddlers. C. young adults. D. older adults

D. older adults

Ageism

Disliking of aging and older people based on the belief that aging makes people unattractive, unintelligent, and unproductive

A patient with Alzheimer's can sign an advanced directive. True or false

False

True or False When performing an assessment on an older adult you can do it quickly as the older adult doesn't need as much time for the interview process.

False

True or false An expected age related condition of the blood is increased serum albumin levels.

False

True or false Increased immature t-cells responses result in increased immune response

False

True or False Health promotion exams are to be done every 2 years.

False Every year

True or False As an LVN we should never have to adjust our health teachings to the patients cognitive or educational level.

False We should always adjust

True or False Abuse by family members is always intentional.

False Some are unintentional due to the stress

health promotion

Lifestyle and healthcare practices that improve overall health and quality of life

Medicare program that covers hospital stays

Medicare part A

Medicare program that covers office visits and regular medical

Medicare part B

Medicare program through a private insurance company

Medicare part C

Medicare program that covers prescription drug coverage

Medicare part D

Abandonment by a family member is defined as

Occurs when dependent older persons are deserted by the person(s) responsible for their custody or care

Psychosocial

Pertaining to a combination of psychological and social factors

gene theory

Proposes the existence of one or more harmful genes that activate over time, resulting in the typical changes seen with aging and limiting the life span of the individual

Age discrimination

Reaches beyond emotions and leads to actions

Immunologic

Related to the immune system. The immunologic theory of aging proposes that aging is a function of changes in the immune system, which weakens over time to make an aging person more susceptible to disease

Living arrangements that are for clients with subacute needs such as hospice care, dialysis, memory loss, or long term care for individuals with spinal care needs?

Subacute and specialty hospitals

Symptoms Elderly people exhibit that could indicate Urinary tract infections are...

Sudden behavior changes

What is the program called that a older adult qualifies for based off income that subsidizes the cost of Medicare known as the medigap or donut hole?

Supplemental Medicaid

Health Maintenance

Systemic program planned to prevent illness, to maintain maximal function, and to promote health.

true or false Limited physical mobility and transportation are factors that affect health promotion and maintenance.

TRUE

Financial abuse by family members is defined as

The resources of an older adult are stolen or misused by a person whom the older adult trusts

Gerontology

The study of all aspects of the aging process

AN ADVANCED DIRECTIVE STATES the patients decisions for medical care before an incapacitating event? True or False

True

Living wills go into effect when two physicians agree in writing that necessary criteria has been met. True or false

True

TRUE or FALSE Abuse by unrelated caregivers are people who are hired to provide for the safety and well-being of older adults can sometimes become their greatest threat.

True

True or False Alcoholism is common in the older population because it is used as a coping mechanism for depression, sleep disorders, and other problems.

True

True or False In order to reduce fall your should assess environment of client and assure adequate lighting.

True

True or False LVN's work under the supervision of the RN

True

True or False Respite care for older adults is designed to give caretakers a break from daily care of an older adult family member.

True

True or False The five stages of death and dying identified by Kubler- Ross are 1) Denial 2) anger 3) bargaining 4) depression 5) Acceptance

True

True or False When muscle fibers do not receive enough oxygen glucose may not be oxidized completely , and a chemical intermediate is produced and that is called Lactic acid.

True

True or false Altered peripheral circulation may be an early indicator of decreased cardiac function or vascular changes.

True

True or false The median income for 45.9 million persons age 65+ is $22,897

True

True or false The run-out-of-program theory proposes that individuals have a finite number of breaths or heartbeats that are used up overtime.

True

true or False The greatest risk factors that affect health promotion and Maintenance are Non-adhearance.

True

Theories Implications for Nursing

Understanding theories can help nurses recognize problems and provide nursing interventions to help aging individuals meet the developmental tasks of aging

Antioxidants

Vitamin A, C, and E carotenoids zinc selenium phytoplankton chemicals

Non-adherence

When a patient is unwilling or unable to follow providers recommendations about the daily timing, dosage, and frequency of medication use or other recommended health care practices.

Nonadherence

When a patient is unwilling or unable to follow providers recommendations about the daily timing, dosage, and frequency of medication use or other recommended health practices.

Signs and symptoms that an elderly person should report and seek medical care for are... (select all that apply) a) severe chest pain that radiates b) difficulty breathing c) flatulence d) loss of consciousness e) loss of movement or sensation f) unusual drainage or discharge

a ,b, d,e,& f

Neglect by family members is defined as

a passive form of abuse in which caregivers fail to provide for the needs of the older person under their care.

The life course theory that identifies eight stages if developmental tasks an individual must confront throughout the life span is a) Erickson's theory b) Havighurst's theory c) Newman's theory d) Jung's theory e) none of the above

a) Erickson's theory

Housing for older adults that requires a large initial investment and substantial monthly rental and service fees? a) a life lease or Life contract facility b) Government-subsidized housing c) an Independent or assisted living facility d) an extended-care facility

a) a life lease or Life contract facility

The average care giver of an older person in the US is a) female b) younger than 40 years old c) unemployed or self-employed d) financially responsible for an older adult

a) female

Signs and symptoms that an elderly person should report are... A) wounds that will not heal b) Nausea or Vomiting for 24 hours c) elevated temp d) inability to urinate (anuria) e) Snoring f) swelling of lower extremities

a, b,c, d, and f

A nurse is caring for an older adult client. The nurse should recognize the client is at risk for which of the following physiological changes? (select all that apply) a. decreased gastric motility b. decreased skin elasticity c. increased pain threshold d. increased metabolic rate e. increased cardiac output

a. decreased gastric motility b. decreased skin elasticity c. increased pain threshold

A nurse suspects an older-adult patient is experiencing caregiver neglect. Which assessment findings are consistent with nurse's suspicions? a. flea bites and lice infestation b. left at a grocery store c. refuses to take a bath d. cuts and bruises

a. flea bites and lice infestation

A nurse is teaching a class of older adults about the expected physiologic changes of aging. Which of the following changes should the nurse include in the discussion? (select all that apply) a. more difficulty seeing due to a greater sensitivity to glare b. decreased cough reflex c. decreased bladder capacity d. decreased systolic blood pressure e. dehydration of intervertebral discs

a. more difficulty seeing due to a greater sensitivity to glare b. decreased cough reflex c. decreased bladder capacity e. dehydration of intervertebral discs

Which information from a co-worker on a gerontological unit will cause the nurse to intervene? a. most older people have dependent functioning b. most older people have strengths we should focus on c. most older people should be involved in care decisions d. most older people should be encouraged to have independence

a. most older people have dependent functioning

Studying a populations statistical data such as age, income, size, distribution, and education is called... a) logistics b) demographics c) socioeconomics e) Geographic

b) demographics

A nurse is developing a plan of care for an older adult. Which information will the nurse consider? a. Should be standardized because more geriatric patients have the same needs b. needs to be individualized to the patient's unique needs c. focuses on the disabilities that all aging persons face d. must be based on chronological age alone

b. needs to be individualized to the patient's unique needs

Organization has 30 million members over 50 and lobbies to advance political and economic interest in older adults? a) grey panthers b) NASC c) AARP d) NCSC

c) AARP

The inability to maintain personal care, shopping, bill paying, and meal preparation is an indicator of a) family abuse b)abandonment c) self neglect d) emotional abuse

c) Self neglect

A durable power of attorney for healthcare..... a) informs physician patient wants to die naturally if terminal b) prohibits the use of life-prolonging equipment and measures c) gives health care agent the authority to make health decisions if capable d) must be signed by a judge

c) gives health care agent the authority to make health decisions if capable

A volunteer stays with an older adult while the care giver goes to church and out to lunch. The volunteer is providing a) supportive care b) home health care c) respite care d) intermittent care

c) respite care

A nurse is teaching a group of older-adult patients. Which teaching strategy is best for the nurse to use? a. provide several topics of discussion at once to promote independence and making choices b. avoid uncomfortable silences after questions by helping patients complete their statements c. ask patients to recall past experiences that correspond with their interests d. speak in a high pitch to help patients hear better

c. ask patients to recall past experiences that correspond with their interests

A nurse is observing skin integrity of an older adult. Which finding will the nurse document as a normal finding? a. oily skin b. faster nail growth c. decreased elasticity d. increased facial hair in men

c. decreased elasticity

Fastest growing age population in US is... a)56-64 b) 65-74 c) 75-84 d) 85 years and older

d) 85 years and older

A sign of elder abuse is a) raised, brown skin discoloration on arms, face, and back b) aggressive, noncompliant behavior c) obesity or excessive body weight d) poor hygiene and malnutrition

d) poor hygiene and malnutrition

An older-adult patient in no acute distress reports being less able to taste and smell. What is the nurse's best response to this information? a. notify the health care provider immediately to rule out cranial nerve damage b. schedule the patient for an appointment at a smell and taste disorders clinic c. perform testing on the vestibulocochlear nerve and a hearing test d. explain to the patient that diminished senses are normal findings

d. explain to the patient that diminished senses are normal findings

An older patient has fallen and suffered a hip fracture. As a consequence, the patient's family is concerned about the patient's ability to care for self, especially during this convalescence. What should the nurse do? a. stress that older patients usually ask for help when needed b. inform the family that placement in a nursing center is a permanent solution c. tell the family to enroll the patient in a ceramics class to maintain quality of life d. provide information and answer questions as family members make choices among care option

d. provide information and answer questions as family members make choices among care option

geriatrics

medical specialty that deals with the aging physiology of aging and with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the aged.

Confrontation as a form of communication is best used A. only after good rapport has been established with the patient. B. when the patient is agitated and this seems the most direct approach. C. when there is not enough time to explore the problem using other forms of communication. D. when the patient is confused and seems to require a no-nonsense method.

only after good rapport has been established with the patient.

Prophylactic

preventing the spread of disease

Rate of living theory

proposes that individuals have a finite number of breaths or heartbeats that are used up over time.

A stroke or CVA (cerebrovascular accident) can present in elderly patients as

sudden changes in speech or ability to follow directions

Gerontophobia

the fear of aging and the refusal to accept older adults into the mainstream of society

chronological age

the number of years a person has lived

Life expectancy

the number of years an average person can expect to live

Gerontics

the nursing care and the service provided to older adults

Free radicals

unstable molecules produced by the body during the normal processes of respiration and metabolism or following exposure to radiation and pollution.