Gestalt Principles Cognitive Psychology

Gestalt Principles of Organization---->

How we decide which elements are part of the same or different objects. Your decisions are guided by these simple principles catalogued by gestalt psychologists.

Many stimuli are ____ and in need of interpretation

ambiguous

Jerome voiced a related claims and coined the phrase "_____________" to describe some of the ways our perception of a stimulus differs (or goes beyond) the stimulus itself ex)

beyond the information given ex) necker cube

Gestalt Principle of Good continuation

components that appear to follow in the same pathway tend to be grouped together; abrupt changes in form are less likely than continuation of the same pattern

monocular cues

depth cues available to either eye alone

binocular cues

depth cues that depend on the use of two eyes -often used in cues for distance

figure/ground organization

determination of what is the figure (the depicted object displayed against a background) and what is the ground

Distance cues

features of the stimulus that indicate an object's position.

linear perspective

name for the pattern in which parallel lines seem to converge as they get farther from the viewer.

Gestalt Principle of proximity

objects that are close together tend to be grouped together

Your ____ contains information about how the form is arranged in depth, or about which part of the form is the figure and which is the ground. This is not contained in the stimulus itself.

perception

Gestalt psychologists believe....

perceptual whole is often different from the sum of its parts.

interposition

the blocking of your view of one object by some other object ex) can tell someone a mailbox is closer than the car

optic flow

the changing angular position of points in a perspective image that we experience as we move through the world

Perceptual constancy

the fact we perceive the constant properties of objects in the world (size, shapes,) even though the sensory information we receive about these attributes changes whenever our viewing circumstances change.

motion parallex

the perception of motion of objects in which close objects appear to move more quickly than objects that are farther away

brightness constancy

the tendency to perceive the apparent brightness of an object as the same even when the light conditions change

Helmholtz proposed that you achieve constancy through an ________. Define

unconscious inference (multiplying the image size by distance)

size constancy

we perceive objects as having a constant size, even while our distance from them varies

A necker cube is an example of a _____figure. Why?

reversible (ambiguous) figure -people perceive it first one way and then another -can be viewed as a drawing of a cube viewed from above or below. q

If you view an object from a greater distance, the object casts a _____ image on your retina. Nonetheless, you generally achieves ______ allowing you to perceive the object's actual size.

small; size constancy

Gestalt Principle of Simplicity

stimuli are organized in the simplest way possible

Gestalt Principle of Closure

we fill in gaps to create a complete, whole object

Gestalt principle of similarity

we group similar figures together