GI

You're providing nursing education to a group of nursing students about diverticulosis versus diverticulitis. Which statement by the nursing students demonstrate they understand the education provided? A. "Most patients with diverticulitis are asymptomatic." B. "Diverticulosis tends to occur in young women with a family history of diverticulosis." C. "Diverticulitis, if not treated, can lead to abscess formation and peritonitis." D. "Patients with diverticulosis should at all times avoid eating seeds and nuts."

C. "Diverticulitis, if not treated, can lead to abscess formation and peritonitis."

You're providing discharge teaching to a patient who was hospitalized with diverticulitis. Which statement by the patient requires you to re-educate the patient? A. "It is important I consume a diet high in fiber and keep hydrated to keep my stool soft." B. "The physician prescribed me to take Psyllium every day which will help prevent constipation." C. "I will be sure to always cook and skin my fruits and vegetables rather than eating them fresh." D. "I will notify my physician if I develop abdominal pain and fever."

C. "I will be sure to always cook and skin my fruits and vegetables rather than eating them fresh."

A patient with chronic peptic ulcer disease underwent a gastric resection 1 month ago and is reporting nausea, bloating, and diarrhea 30 minutes after eating. What condition is this patient most likely experiencing? A. Gastroparesis B. Fascia dehiscence C. Dumping Syndrome D. Somogyi effect

C. Dumping Syndrome

Your patient is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease due to h.pylori. This bacterium has a unique shape which allows it to penetrate the stomach mucosa. You know this bacterium is: A. Rod shaped B. Spherical shaped C. Spiral shaped D. Filamentous shaped

C. Spiral shaped

Select ALL the options below that are similarities between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's Disease A. Each cause inflammation B. Both affect the serosa layer C. Each are found from the mouth to anus D. They both increase colon cancer risk E. The cause of both is unknown F. The cure for both diseases includes total colectomy

a, d, e

Select all the medications a physician may order to treat a H. Pylori infection that is causing a peptic ulcer? A. Proton-Pump Inhibitors B. Antacids C. Anticholinergics D. 5-Aminosalicylates E. Antibiotics F. H2 Blockers G. Bismuth Subsalicylates

a, e, f, g

A nurse is performing discharge teaching with a client who had a total gastrectomy. Which statement indicates the need for further teaching? a. "I will have to take vitamin B12 shots up to 1 year after surgery." b. "I will weight myself each day and record the weight." c. "I will call my physician if I begin to have abdominal pain." d. "I'm going to visit my pastor weekly for a while."

a. "I will have to take vitamin B12 shots up to 1 year after surgery."

Affects the inner layer of the intestinal lining. a. Ulcerative colitis b. Crohn's disease

a. Ulcerative colitis

The most common symptom of esophageal disease is a. dysphagia b. nausea c. odynophagia d. vomiting

a. dysphagia

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient with peptic ulcer disease. What nursing interventions should be included in the care plan? Select all that apply. a. Inserting an indwelling catheter for incontinence b. Observing stools and vomitus for color, consistency, and volume c. Frequently monitoring hemoglobin and hematocrit levels d. Making neurovascular checks every 4 hours e. Checking the blood pressure and pulse rate every 15 to 20 minutes

b, c, e

A patient with a history of diverticulosis is admitted with abdominal pain. The physician suspects diverticulitis. What other findings would correlate with diverticulitis? SATA A. Abdominal pain that is mainly present in the upper right quadrant B. Unrelenting cramping type pain C. Pain found at McBurney's Point D. Blood in stool E. Fever F. Reports of constipation G. Abdominal bloating H. Positive Cullen's Sign

b, d, e, f, g

Which medication is classified as a histamine-2 receptor antagonist? a. Lansoprazole b. Famotidine c. Esomeprazole d. Metronidazole

b. Famotidine

A client has been taking famotidine at home. What teaching should the nurse include with the client? a. Famotidine will neutralize acid in the stomach. b. Famotidine will inhibit gastric acid secretions. c. Famotidine will improve the mixing of foods and gastric secretions. d. Famotidine will shorten the time required for digestion in the stomach.

b. Famotidine will inhibit gastric acid secretions.

Which drug is considered a stimulant laxative? a. psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid b. magnesium hydroxide c. bisacodyl d. mineral oil

c. bisacodyl

What symptoms of perforation might the nurse observe in a client with an intestinal obstruction? Select all that apply. a. sudden, sustained abdominal pain b. intermittent, severe pain c. sudden drop in body temperature d. abdominal distention

a, d

A client is recovering from gastric surgery. Toward what goal should the nurse progress the client's enteral intake? a. Six small meals daily with 120 mL fluid between meals b. Three meals and 120 ml fluid daily c. Six small meals and 120 mL fluid daily d. Three meals and three snacks and 120 mL fluid daily

a. Six small meals daily with 120 mL fluid between meals

Which bowel disease starts in the rectum and migrates in a continuous fashion throughout the colon? a. Ulcerative colitis b. Crohn's disease

a. Ulcerative colitis

Which is one of the PRIMARY symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? a. diarrhea b. abdominal distention c. bloating d. pain

a. diarrhea

A client undergoes total gastrectomy. Several hours after surgery, the nurse notes that the client's nasogastric (NG) tube has stopped draining. How should the nurse respond? a. notify the health care provider b. increase the suction level c. irrigate the tube d. reposition the tube

a. notify the health care provider

A patient has been diagnosed with acute gastritis and asks the nurse what could have caused it. What is the best response by the nurse? (Select all that apply.) a. "It is a hereditary disease." b. "Is it possible that you are overusing aspirin." c. "It can be caused by ingestion of strong acids." d. "It is probably your nerves." e. "You may have ingested some irritating foods."

b, c, e

A patient has developed a duodenal ulcer. As the nurse, you know that which of the following plays a role in peptic ulcer formation. Select ALL that apply A. Spicy foods B. Helicobacter pylori C. NSAIDs D. Milk E. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

b, c, e

Select-ALL-the complications associated with Crohn's Disease: A. Loss of form to the haustra B. Fistulas C. Strictures D. Hemorrhoids E. Anal Fissure

b, c, e

A client is having a diagnostic workup for reports of frequent diarrhea, right lower abdominal pain, and weight loss. The nurse is reviewing the results of the barium study and notes the presence of "string sign." What does the nurse understand that this is significant of? a. Diverticulitis b. Crohn's disease c. Ulcerative colitis d. Irritable bowel syndrome

b. Crohn's disease

A patient has the following signs and symptoms: abdominal cramping which is mainly located in the right lower side, ulcers in the mouth, bleeding anal fissure, and diarrhea. Based on the patient's signs and symptoms, which disease does this describe? a. Ulcerative colitis b. Crohn's disease

b. Crohn's disease

Most commonly found in the terminal ileum and beginning of the colon. a. Ulcerative colitis b. Crohn's disease

b. Crohn's disease

Which type of bowel disease is most likely to cause severe malnourishment? a. Ulcerative colitis b. Crohn's disease

b. Crohn's disease

A client sustained second- and third-degree burns over 30% of the body surface area approximately 72 hours ago. What type of ulcer should the nurse be alert for while caring for this client? a. Meckel's ulcer b. Curling's ulcer c. Peptic ulcer d. Esophageal ulcer

b. Curling's ulcer

Review the following four examples of ideal body weight (IBW), actual weight, and body mass index (BMI). Using three criteria for each example, select the body weight that indicates morbid obesity. a. IBW = 132 lbs; weight = 184 lbs; BMI = 28 kg/m2 b. IBW = 145 lbs; weight = 290 lbs; BMI = 31 kg/m2 c. IBW = 175 lbs; weight = 265 lbs; BMI = 29 kg/m2 d. IBW = 150 lbs; weight = 190 lbs; BMI = 26 kg/m2

b. IBW = 145 lbs; weight = 290 lbs; BMI = 31 kg/m2

A client who reports increasing difficulty swallowing, weight loss, and fatigue is diagnosed with esophageal cancer. Because this client has difficulty swallowing, what should the nurse assign highest priority to? a. Helping the client cope with body image changes b. Maintaining a patent airway c. Preventing injury d. Ensuring adequate nutrition

b. Maintaining a patent airway

The nurse is caring for a client with intussusception of the bowel. What does the nurse understand occurs with this disorder? a. The bowel twists and turns itself and obstructs the intestinal lumen. b. One part of the intestine telescopes into another portion of the intestine. c. A loop of intestine adheres to an area that is healing slowly after surgery. d. The bowel protrudes through a weakened area in the abdominal wall.

b. One part of the intestine telescopes into another portion of the intestine.

The nurse is teaching a client with peptic ulcer disease who has been prescribed misoprostol. What information from the nurse would be most accurate about misoprostol? a. Decreases mucus production b. Prevents ulceration in clients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) c. Increases the speed of gastric emptying d. Works best when taken on an empty stomach

b. Prevents ulceration in clients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A nurse is providing care for a client recovering from gastric bypass surgery. During assessment, the client exhibits pallor, perspiration, palpitations, headache, and feelings of warmth, dizziness, and drowsiness. The client reports eating 90 minutes ago. What will the nurse suspect? a. Dehiscence of the surgical wound b. Vasomotor symptoms associated with dumping syndrome c. A normal reaction to surgery d. Peritonitis

b. Vasomotor symptoms associated with dumping syndrome

When caring for a client with an acute exacerbation of a peptic ulcer, the nurse finds the client doubled up in bed with severe pain in the right shoulder. What is the initial appropriate action by the nurse? a. irrigate the client's NG tube b. assess the client's abdomen and vital signs c. notify the health care provider d. place the client in the high-Fowler's position

b. assess the client's abdomen and vital signs

After dinner time, during hourly rounding, a patient awakes to report they feel like "food is coming up" in the back of their throat and that there is a bitter taste in their mouth. What nursing intervention will you perform next? a. performing deep suctioning b. assist the patient into Semi-Fowler's position c. keep the patient NPO d. instruct the patient to avoid milk products

b. assist the patient into Semi-Fowler's position

A nurse is teaching about pernicious anemia with a client who has chronic gastritis. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? a. pernicious anemia is caused when the cells producing gastric acid are damaged b. expect a monthly injection of vitamin b12 c. plan to take vitamin K supplements d. pernicious anemia is caused by an increased production of intrinsic factor

b. expect a monthly injection of vitamin b12

Which of the following is the most successful treatment for gastric cancer? a. radiation b. removal of the tumor c. chemotherapy d. palliation

b. removal of the tumor

Most patients with diverticulosis are most likely to have diverticula located in the? a. transverse colon b. sigmoid colon c. rectum d. ascending colon

b. sigmoid colon

An older adult client in a long-term care facility is concerned about bowel regularity. During a client education session, the nurse reinforces the medically acceptable definition of "regularity." What is the actual measurement of "regular"? a. two bowel movements daily b. stool consistency and client comfort c. one bowel movement daily d. one bowel movement every other day

b. stool consistency and client comfort

A charge nurse is teaching a group of nurses about a client who has chronic gastritis and is scheduled for a selective vagotomy. Which of the following statements by a unit nurse indicates understanding of the purpose of the procedure? a. the client will have increased duodenal gastric emptying b. the client will have a reduction of gastric acid secretions c. the client will have an increase of gastric mucus secretions d. the client will have an increased secretion of hydrogen/potassium ATPase enzymes

b. the client will have a reduction of gastric acid secretions

The presence of mucus and pus in the stools suggests which condition? a. intestinal malabsorption b. ulcerative colitis c. small-bowel disease d. disorders of the colon

b. ulcerative colitis

The nurse is assessing a client for constipation. Which review should the nurse conduct FIRST to identify the cause of constipation? a. activity levels b. usual pattern of elimination c. alcohol consumption d. current medications

b. usual pattern of elimination

Which medications are used in the treatment of Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis? SATA A. Guanylate Cyclase-C agonists B. Anticholinergics C. 5-Aminosalicylates D. Antacids E. Corticosteroids F. Immune suppressors

c, e, f

The nurse determines that teaching for the client with peptic ulcer disease has been effective when the client makes which statement? a. "I can buy whatever antacids are on sale because they all have the same effect." b. "I should stop all my medications if I develop any side effects." c. "I have learned some relaxation strategies that decrease my stress." d. "I should continue my treatment regimen as long as I have pain."

c. "I have learned some relaxation strategies that decrease my stress."

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new rx for famotidine. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching? a. "the medicine coats the lining of my stomach" b. "the medicine should stop the pain right away" c. "I will take my pill at bedtime" d. "I will monitor for bleeding from my nose"

c. "I will take my pill at bedtime"

A patient is scheduled for a Billroth I procedure for ulcer management. What does the nurse understand will occur when this procedure is performed? a. The antral portion of the stomach is removed and a vagotomy is performed. b. A sectioned portion of the stomach is joined to the jejunum. c. A partial gastrectomy is performed with anastomosis of the stomach segment to the duodenum. d. The vagus nerve is cut and gastric drainage is established.

c. A partial gastrectomy is performed with anastomosis of the stomach segment to the duodenum.

A patient is admitted to the hospital after not having had a bowel movement in several days. The nurse observes the patient is having small liquid stools, a grossly distended abdomen, and abdominal cramping. What complication can this patient develop related to this problem? a. Rectal fissures b. Diverticulitis c. Bowel perforation d. Appendicitis

c. Bowel perforation

An older adult client seeks help for chronic constipation. What factor related to aging can cause constipation in elderly clients? a. Decreased production of hydrochloric acid b. Increased intestinal motility c. Decreased abdominal strength d. Increased intestinal bacteria

c. Decreased abdominal strength

A client with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis is awaiting surgical intervention. The nurse listens to bowel sounds and hears none and observes that the abdomen is rigid and board-like. What complication does the nurse determine may be occurring at this time? a. Paralytic ileus b. Accumulation of gas c. Peritonitis d. Constipation

c. Peritonitis

A client is preparing for discharge to home following a partial gastrectomy and vagotomy. Which is the best rationale for the client being taught to lie down for 30 minutes after each meal? a. Allows for better absorption of vitamin B12 b. Removes tension on internal suture line c. Slows gastric emptying d. Provides much needed rest

c. Slows gastric emptying

Which is a true statement regarding regional enteritis (Crohn's disease)? a. It is characterized by pain in the lower left abdominal quadrant. b. The lesions are in continuous contact with one another. c. The clusters of ulcers take on a cobblestone appearance. d. It has a progressive disease pattern.

c. The clusters of ulcers take on a cobblestone appearance.

A nurse is teaching a group of middle-aged men about peptic ulcers. When discussing risk factors for peptic ulcers, the nurse should mention: a. alcohol abuse and a history of acute renal failure. b. a sedentary lifestyle and smoking. c. alcohol abuse and smoking. d. a history of hemorrhoids and smoking.

c. alcohol abuse and smoking.

A client is admitted to the health care facility with a diagnosis of a bleeding gastric ulcer. The nurse expects the client's stools to have which description? a. coffee-ground like b. clay-colored c. black and tarry d. bright red

c. black and tarry

Which of the following would a nurse expect to assess in a client with peritonitis? a. hyperactive bowel sounds b. deep slow respirations c. board-like abdomen d. decreased pulse rate

c. board-like abdomen

Which ulcer is associated with extensive burn injury? a. cushing ulcer b. peptic ulcer c. curling ulcer d. duodenal ulcer

c. curling ulcer

The nurse is creating a discharge plan of care for a client with a peptic ulcer. The nurse tells the client to avoid a. skim milk b. acetaminophen c. decaffeinated coffee d. octreotide

c. decaffeinated coffee

Which of the following appears to be a significant factor in the development of gastric cancer? a. ethnicity b. gender c. diet d. age

c. diet

A client who had a Roux-en-Y bypass procedure for morbid obesity ate a chocolate chip cookie after a meal. After ingestion of the cookie, the client reported cramping pains, dizziness, and palpitation. After having a bowel movement, the symptoms resolved. What should the nurse educate the client about regarding this event? a. bile reflux b. gastric outlet obstruction c. dumping syndrome d. celiac disease

c. dumping syndrome

Which term refers to the first portion of the small intestine? a. pylorus b. peritoneum c. duodenum d. omentum

c. duodenum

A health care provider suspects that a client has peptic ulcer disease. With which diagnostic procedure would the nurse most likely prepare to assist? a. gastric secretion study b. barium study of the upper gastrointestinal tract c. endoscopy d. stool antigen test

c. endoscopy

Your patient, who is presenting with signs and symptoms of GERD, is scheduled to have a test that assesses the function of the esophagus' ability to squeeze food down into the stomach and the closer of the lower esophageal sphincter. The patient asks you, "What is the name of the test I'm having later today?" You tell the patient the name of the test is: a. lower esophageal GI series b. transesophageal echocardiogram c. esophageal manometry d. esophageal pH monitoring

c. esophageal manometry

Diet therapy for clients diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) includes: a. caffeinated products. b. spicy foods. c. high-fiber diet. d. fluids with meals.

c. high-fiber diet.

The nurse caring for an older adult client diagnosed with diarrhea is administering and monitoring the client's medications. Because one of the client's medications is digitalis (digoxin), the nurse monitors the client closely for: a. hyperkalemia. b. hyponatremia. c. hypokalemia. d. hypernatremia.

c. hypokalemia.

A resident at a long-term care facility lost the ability to swallow following a stroke 4 years ago. The client receives nutrition via a PEG tube, has adapted well to the tube feedings, and remains physically and socially active. Occasionally, the client develops constipation that requires administration of a laxative to restore regular bowel function. What is the most likely cause of this client's constipation? a. increased fiber b. lack of solid food c. lack of free water intake d. lack of exercise

c. lack of free water intake

The nurse recognizes that the client diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer will likely experience a. vomiting b. hemorrhage c. pain 2-3 hours after a meal d. weight loss

c. pain 2-3 hours after a meal

The nurse is monitoring a client's postoperative course after an appendectomy. The nurse's assessment reveals that the client has vomited, has abdominal tenderness and rigidity, and has tachycardia. The nurse reports to the physician that the client has signs/symptoms of which complication? a. pelvic abscess b. hemorrhage c. peritonitis d. ileus

c. peritonitis

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new rx for aluminum hydroxide. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? a. take the medication with food b. monitor for diarrhea c. wait 1 hour before taking other oral medications d. maintain a low-fiber diet

c. wait 1 hour before taking other oral medications

After providing education to a patient with GERD. You ask the patient to list 4 things they can do to prevent or alleviate signs and symptoms of GERD. Which statement is INCORRECT? a. "It is best to try to consume small meals throughout the day than eat 3 large ones." b. "I'm disappointed that I will have to limit my intake of peppermint and spearmint because I love eating those types of hard candies." c. "It is important I avoid eating right before bedtime." d. "I will try to lie down after eating a meal to help decrease pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter."

d. "I will try to lie down after eating a meal to help decrease pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter."

The nurse is irrigating a colostomy when the patient says, "You will have to stop, I am cramping so badly." What is the priority action by the nurse? a. Replace the fluid with cooler water since it is probably too warm. b. Inform the patient that it will only last a minute and continue with the procedure. c. Stop the irrigation and remove the tube. d. Clamp the tubing and give the patient a rest period.

d. Clamp the tubing and give the patient a rest period.

Which of the following clients is at highest risk for peptic ulcer disease? a. Client with blood type A b. Client with blood type B c. Client with blood type AB d. Client with blood type O

d. Client with blood type O

A nurse is applying an ostomy appliance to the ileostomy of a client with ulcerative colitis. Which action is appropriate? a. Scrubbing fecal material from the skin surrounding the stoma b. Cutting the faceplate opening no more than 2 inches larger than the stoma c. Maintaining wrinkles in the faceplate so it doesn't irritate the skin d. Gently washing the area surrounding the stoma using a facecloth and mild soap

d. Gently washing the area surrounding the stoma using a facecloth and mild soap

The nurse is cautiously assessing a client admitted with peptic ulcer disease because the most common complication that occurs in 10% to 20% of clients is: a. Intractable ulcer b. Perforation c. Pyloric obstruction d. Hemorrhage

d. Hemorrhage

A client is being evaluated for esophageal cancer. What initial manifestation of esophageal cancer should the nurse assess? a. Hiccups b. Foul breath c. Sensation of a mass in throat d. Increasing difficulty in swallowing

d. Increasing difficulty in swallowing

A client is recovering from an ileostomy that was performed to treat inflammatory bowel disease. During discharge teaching, what would the nurse stress the importance of? a. Wearing an appliance pouch only at bedtime b. Taking only enteric-coated medications c. Consuming a low-protein, high-fiber diet d. Increasing fluid intake to prevent dehydration

d. Increasing fluid intake to prevent dehydration

A client suspected of having colorectal cancer requires which diagnostic study to confirm the diagnosis? a. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) b. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan c. Stool Hematest d. Sigmoidoscopy

d. Sigmoidoscopy

A client taking metronidazole for the treatment of H. pylori states that the medication is causing nausea. What teaching should the nurse provide to the client to alleviate the nausea? a. Discontinue the use of the medication. b. Crush the medication and put it in applesauce. c. Ask the healthcare provider to prescribe another type of antibiotic. d. Take the medication with meals to decrease the nausea.

d. Take the medication with meals to decrease the nausea.

A client comes to the clinic after developing a headache, abdominal pain, nausea, hiccupping, and fatigue about 2 hours ago. The client tells the nurse that the last food was buffalo chicken wings and beer. Which medical condition does the nurse find to be most consistent with the client's presenting problems? a. gastric ulcer b. duodenal ulcer c. gastric cancer d. acute gastritis

d. acute gastritis

Which of the following does NOT play a role in the development of GERD? a. pregnancy b. hiatal hernia c. usage of antihistamines or calcium channel blockers d. all of the above play a role

d. all of the above play a role

A nurse is caring for a client who underwent a subtotal gastrectomy. To manage dumping syndrome, the nurse should advise the client to: a. don't drink liquids 2 hours before meals. b. restrict fluid intake to 1 qt (1,000 ml)/day. c. drink liquids only with meals. d. drink liquids only between meals.

d. drink liquids only between meals.

A patient visited a nurse practitioner because he had diarrhea for 2 weeks. He described his stool as large and greasy. The nurse knows that this description is consistent with a diagnosis of: a. a disorder of the large bowel b. inflammatory colitis c. a small bowel disorder d. intestinal malabsorption

d. intestinal malabsorption

A nurse is reviewing lab results for a client with an intestinal obstruction, and infection is suspected. What would be an expected finding? a. leukopenia; metabolic acidosis; elevated sodium, potassium, and chloride b. leukocytosis; metabolic alkalosis; elevated sodium, potassium, and chloride c. leukopenia, decreased hematocrit; low sodium, potassium, and chloride d. leukocytosis; elevated hematocrit; low sodium, potassium, and chloride

d. leukocytosis; elevated hematocrit; low sodium, potassium, and chloride

When the bowel twists and turns itself and obstructs the intestinal lumen

volvulus

A client is prescribed a histamine (H2)-receptor antagonist. The nurse understands that this might include which medication(s)? Select all that apply. a. nizatidine b. cimetidine c. lansoprazole d. famotidine e. esomeprazole

a, b, d

A patient reports frequent heartburn twice a week for the past 4 months. What other symptoms reported by the patient may indicate the patient has GERD? SATA a. bitter taste in mouth b. dry cough c. melena d. difficulty swallowing e. smooth, red tongue f. Murphy's sign

a, b, d

Which of the following manifestations are associated with a deficiency of vitamin B12? Select all that apply. a. Thrombocytopenia b. Pernicious anemia c. Lethargy d. Macrocytic anemia e. Loss of hair

a, b, d

During a home health visit, you are helping a patient develop a list of foods they should avoid due to GERD. Which items in the patient's pantry should be avoided? SATA a. hot and spicy food b. peppermint patties c. green beans d. tomato soup e. chocolate fondue f. almonds g. oranges

a, b, d, e, g

A nurse is planning care for a client who has acute gastritis. Which of the following nursing interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? SATA a. evaluate intake and output b. monitor lab reports of electrolytes c. provide 3 large meals a day d. administer ibuprofen for pain e. observe stool characteristics

a, b, e

Which of the following interventions are appropriate for clients with gastritis? Select all that apply. a. Use a calm approach to reduce anxiety. b. Give the client food and fluids every 4 hours. c. Discourage cigarette smoking. d. Provide general education about how to prevent recurrences. e. Notify the physician of indicators of hemorrhagic gastritis.

a, c, d, e

Which statement is INCORRECT about Histamine-receptor blockers? A. "H2 blockers block histamine which causes the chief cells to decrease the secretion of hydrochloric acid." B. "Ranitidine and Famotidine are two types of histamine-receptor blocker medications." C. "Antacids and H2 blockers should not be given together." D. All the statements are CORRECT.

A. "H2 blockers block histamine which causes the chief cells to decrease the secretion of hydrochloric acid."

A patient asks what type of testing is performed to assess for diverticulosis. As the nurse, you know that which test below is used to assess for diverticulosis? A. Colonoscopy B. Fleets enema C. Bronchoscopy D. Cystoscopy

A. Colonoscopy

A patient arrives to the clinic for evaluation of epigastric pain. The patient describes the pain to be relieved by food intake. In addition, the patient reports awaking in the middle of the night with a gnawing pain in the stomach. Based on the patient's description this appears to be what type of peptic ulcer? A. Duodenal B. Gastric C. Esophageal D. Refractory

A. Duodenal

A patient is recovering from discomfort from a peptic ulcer. The doctor has ordered to advance the patient's diet to solid foods. The patient's lunch tray arrives. Which food should the patient avoid eating? A. Orange B. Milk C. White rice D. Banana

A. Orange

You are providing discharge teaching to a patient taking Sucralfate (Carafate). Which statement by the patient demonstrates they understand how to take this medication? A. "I will take this medication at the same time I take Ranitidine." B. "I will always take this medication on an empty stomach." C. "It is best to take this medication with antacids." D. "I will take this medication once a week."

B. "I will always take this medication on an empty stomach."

The physician orders a patient with a duodenal ulcer to take a UREA breath test. Which lab value will the test measure to determine if h. pylori is present? A. Ammonia B. Urea C. Hydrochloric acid D. Carbon dioxide

D. Carbon dioxide

In the stomach lining, the parietal cells release _________ and the chief cells release __________ which both play a role in peptic ulcer disease A. pepsin, hydrochloric acid B. pepsinogen, pepsin C. pepsinogen, gastric acid D. hydrochloric acid, and pepsinogen

D. hydrochloric acid, and pepsinogen

You're educating a group of patients at an outpatient clinic about peptic ulcer formation. Which statement is correct about how peptic ulcers form? A. "An increase in gastric acid is the sole cause of peptic ulcer formation." B. "Peptic ulcers can form when acid penetrates unprotected stomach mucosa. This causes histamine to be released which signals to the parietal cells to release more hydrochloric acid which erodes the stomach lining further." C. "Peptic ulcers form when acid penetrates unprotected stomach mucosa. This causes pepsin to be released which signals to the parietal cells to release more pepsinogen which erodes the stomach lining further." D. "The release of prostaglandins cause the stomach lining to breakdown which allows ulcers to form."

B. "Peptic ulcers can form when acid penetrates unprotected stomach mucosa. This causes histamine to be released which signals to the parietal cells to release more hydrochloric acid which erodes the stomach lining further."

A patient is experiencing an acute episode of diverticulitis. The patient is having abdominal pain, temperature 102.6 'F, and elevated WBCs. As the nurse, you know it is important to A. Encourage intake of high-fiber foods B. Monitor the patient for peritonitis C. Apply a heating pad to the patient's abdomen to help alleviate pain D. Encourage intake of full liquids

B. Monitor the patient for peritonitis

A patient with a peptic ulcer is suddenly vomiting dark coffee ground emesis. On assessment of the abdomen you find bloating and an epigastric mass in the abdomen. Which complication may this patient be experiencing? A. Obstruction of pylorus B. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding C. Perforation D. Peritonitis

B. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Helicobacter pylori can live in the stomach's acidic conditions because it secretes ___________ which neutralizes the acid A. ammonia B. urease C. carbon dioxide D. bicarbonate

B. urease

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication associated with ulcerative colitis? A. Toxic megacolon B. Anemia C. Stricture D. Peritonitis

C. Stricture

True or False: Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis are two forms of IBS (irritable bowel syndrome).

False

True or False: Most patients with chronic diverticulitis require surgery at some point, such as a bowel resection. If the healthy bowel cannot be reconnected right away, a permanent colostomy will be created until it can be reconnected

False; a TEMPORARY colostomy will be created

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gastric cancer? a. Most patients are asymptomatic during the early stage of the disease. b. Most cases of gastric cancer are discovered prior to metastasis. c. Women have a higher incidence of gastric cancer than men. d. The prognosis for gastric cancer is generally considered good.

a. Most patients are asymptomatic during the early stage of the disease.

When preparing a client for surgery to treat appendicitis, the nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Risk for infection related to inflammation, perforation, and surgery. What is the rationale for choosing this nursing diagnosis? a. Obstruction of the appendix reduces arterial flow, leading to ischemia, inflammation, and rupture of the appendix. b. The appendix may develop gangrene and rupture, especially in a middle-aged client. c. Obstruction of the appendix may increase venous drainage and cause the appendix to rupture. d. Infection of the appendix diminishes necrotic arterial blood flow and increases venous drainage.

a. Obstruction of the appendix reduces arterial flow, leading to ischemia, inflammation, and rupture of the appendix.

A patient has been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. The nurse explains the diagnosis to the patient and his family by telling them that a hernia is a (an): a. Protrusion of the upper stomach into the lower portion of the thorax. b. Involution of the esophagus, which causes a severe stricture. c. Extension of the esophagus through an opening in the diaphragm. d. Twisting of the duodenum through an opening in the diaphragm.

a. Protrusion of the upper stomach into the lower portion of the thorax.

A patient has the following symptoms: urgent and frequent bowel movements of diarrhea that contains blood with pus and mucous, low hemoglobin/hematocrit, potassium level of 2.0. Based on the patient's signs and symptoms, which disease does this describe? a. Ulcerative colitis b. Crohn's disease

a. Ulcerative colitis

When a loop of intestine adheres to an area that is slowly healing after surgery

adhesion

A patient had a colonoscopy which showed a "cobble-stone" appearance of the GI lining. This is found in a. Ulcerative colitis b. Crohn's disease

b. Crohn's disease

A client has a new order for metoclopramide. The nurse identifies that this medication can be safely administered for which condition? a. gastritis b. gastroesophageal reflux disease c. peptic ulcer with melena d. diverticulitis with perforation

b. gastroesophageal reflux disease

A client with severe peptic ulcer disease has undergone surgery and is several hours postoperative. During assessment, the nurse notes that the client has developed cool skin, tachycardia, labored breathing, and appears to be confused. Which complication has the client most likely developed? a. pyloric obstruction b. hemorrhage c. perforation d. penetration

b. hemorrhage

Which of the following is considered a bulk-forming laxative? a. mineral oil b. metamucil c. milk of magnesia d. dulcolax

b. metamucil

A nurse practitioner prescribes drug therapy for a patient with peptic ulcer disease. Choose the drug that can be used for 4 weeks and has a 90% chance of healing the ulcer. a. cimetidine b. omeprazole c. famotidine d. nizatidine

b. omeprazole

The nurse is evaluating a client's ulcer symptoms to differentiate ulcer as duodenal or gastric. Which symptom should the nurse at attribute to a duodenal ulcer? a. hemorrhage b. vomiting c. awakening in pain d. constipation

c. awakening in pain

To prevent gastroesophageal reflux in a client with hiatal hernia, the nurse should provide which discharge instruction? a. "Lie down after meals to promote digestion." b. "Limit fluid intake with meals." c. "Take antacids with meals." d. "Avoid coffee and alcoholic beverages."

d. "Avoid coffee and alcoholic beverages."

A client reports constipation. Which nursing measure would be most effective in helping the client reduce constipation? a. Provide adequate quantity of food. b. Obtain medical and allergy history. c. Obtain complete food history. d. Assist client to increase dietary fiber.

d. Assist client to increase dietary fiber.

After teaching a group of students about irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and antidiarrheal agents, the instructor determines that the teaching was effective when the students identify which of the following as an example of an antidiarrheal agent commonly administered for IBS? a. peppermint oil b. lubiprostone c. dicyclomine d. loperamide

d. loperamide

Diet modifications for patient diagnosed with chronic inflammatory bowel disease include which of the following? a. low protein b. iron restriction c. calorie restriction d. low residue

d. low residue

Which medication classification represents a proton (gastric acid) pump inhibitor? a. famotidine b. metronidazole c. sucralfate d. omeprazole

d. omeprazole

Which of the following medications is classified as a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)? a. nizatidine b. famotidine c. cimetidine d. omeprazole

d. omeprazole

Which client requires immediate nursing intervention? The client who: a. presents with ribbonlike stools. b. complains of epigastric pain after eating. c. complains of anorexia and periumbilical pain. d. presents with a rigid, board-like abdomen.

d. presents with a rigid, board-like abdomen.

When the bowel protrudes through a weakened area in the abdominal wall

hernia

Stool with the presence of mucus or pus are characteristic of what bowel disorder?

inflammatory enteritis or colitis

Large, greasy stools are characteristic of what bowel disorder?

intestinal malabsorption

When one part of the intestine telescopes into another portion of the intestine

intussusception

Loose, semisolid stools are characteristic of what bowel disorder?

large bowel disorder

Watery stools are characteristic of what bowel disorder?

small bowel disorder