GI exam

Signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis

(1) Abdominal pain 2) Low-grade fever 3) guarding 4)rigid abdomen 5) hypotension 6)Respiratory distress 7)Nausea and vomiting. Jaundice

What's is lactose intolerance and the Therapeutic intervention

The inability to completely digest the milk sugar lactose Avoid lactose foods, lactaid, Milk dairy products

Icteric Stage of Hepatitis

The second stage of hepatitis; includes the appearance of jaundice and associated symptoms such as elevated bilirubin levels, dark or tea-colored urine, and clay -colored stools

Does the liver produces bile and send it off to the duodenum? Does the liver and the gallbladder both produce bile to help break down fats?

Yes

What is Crohn's disease and signs and symptoms

a chronic autoimmune disorder that is most often found in the ileum and in the colon or any part of the intestine. Can be hereditary Abdominal pain or cramping, weight loss, diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Barrett's esophagus

a condition that occurs when the cells in the epithelial tissue of the esophagus are damaged by chronic acid exposure. Pre-cancerous

bicarbonate juice

alkaline solution (up to 8.8) neutralizing the acidic pH of the stomach contents entering the duodenum

mechanical blockage

also known as ileus,where contents of the intestine are prevented from moving forward due to an obstacle or barrier that blocks the lumen.

diverticulum

an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract; usually related to a lack of dietary fiber

Trypsin

an enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine. Polypeptide to peptides

melena

black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood. Normally occurs in the beginning of the digestive system.

colorectal cancer

cancer of the colon and rectum

Gallbladder disorders

cholelithiasis- stones cholecystitis- inflammation choledocholithiasis- Stones in the common bile duct

ulcerative colitis

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers. Only in the colon and rectum.

Xerostomia

dryness of the mouth

Symptoms of GERD

dyspepsia heartburn/indigestion Regurgitation Bleeding

Chronic pancreatitis treatment

enzyme replacement pain control removal of offending agent

Amylase

enzyme that breaks down starch

Complication of constipation

fecal impaction, Ulcers, straining, megacolon, chronic laxative abuse

What is constipation? How to prevent it?

feces becomes hard and dry, Fecal mass held in rectum. High fiber diet, fluid, exercise

diarrhea

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

obesity

having an excess amount of body fat

occult blood

hidden blood. Only seen Microscopically

Diverticulitis

inflammation of a diverticulum

appendicitis

inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection.

What is gastritis?

inflammation of the lining of the stomach, can be acute or chronic. Therapeutic interventions bland diet , Antacids , anti-emetics

stomatitis

inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

peritonitis

inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the abdominal cavity and surrounding the organs within it)

What is celiac disease and the therapeutic interventions

malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten High calorie, high protein, gluten-free diet

diverticulosis

multiple diverticula without inflammation

non-mechanical obstruction

occurs when peristalsis is impaired and the intestinal contents cannot be propelled through the bowel.

chronic pancreatitis causes

90% caused by alcohol abuse, high fecal fat level

GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)

A digestive disease in which stomach acid or bile irritates the food pipe lining. Lower esophageal sphincter does not close tightly.

What are the liver function tests?

AST and ALT

What are some therapeutic interventions for Gerd Lifestyle changes Antacid H2 receptors antagonist Proton pump inhibitor Prokinetic agent Avoid caffeine, milk products, spicy foods Lose weight, Low fat high protein diet All of the above

All of the above

portal hypertension causes

Ascites, varices, encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome

What are some therapeutic interventions for acute liver failure

Bed rest, possible dialysis, High calorie low sodium and protein diet Lactulose, neomycin, Magnesium citrate, sorbitol Or liver transplant

frank stool

Bright red blood that happened at the end of the digestive system.

acute liver failure

Caused by viral hepatitis or drug reactions

Lipase

Emulsifies fat to fatty acids/Monoglycerides

prodromal stage of hepatitis

Flu-like symptoms, RUQ pain

Does the liver produce digestive enzymes?

Just lipase to digest fats. It does not make protein digesting enzymes...they are made by the stomach and pancreas only.

What are therapeutic interventions for diverticulitis

Prevent constipation IV antibiotics pain control or surgery

Dumping syndrome

Rapid emptying of gastric contents into small intestines. Client experience ab pain, nausea, vomiting, explosive diarrhea, weakness, dizziness, palpitations & tachycardia.

Which of these drug classes does the nurse recognize are used for Crohn disease treatment? Select all that apply. 1.5-aminosalicylates 2.Biologic response modifiers 3.Corticosteroids 4.Diuretics 5.Immunomodulators 6.Laxatives

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5

Which of these is a complication of cirrhosis? Select all that apply. 1.Clotting defects 2.Varices 3.Ascites 4.Perforation of gallbladder 5.Encephalopathy 6.Hepatorenal syndrome

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 6

Prior to administering medications via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (P E G) tube, which of these actions does the nurse take? Select all that apply. 1.Check placement. 2.Observe for abdominal distention. 3.Provide skin care. 4.Check allergies. 5.Verify tube length.

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 4, 5

The nurse understands that which of these occurs with a mechanical bowel obstruction? Select all that apply. 1.Blockage occurs within the intestine. 2.Peristalsis decreases or stops. 3.Bowel sounds are high pitched. 4.Diarrhea occurs. 5.Bowel sounds are absent.

Correct Answer: 1, 3

Which of these signs/symptoms would the nurse expect during data collection for a patient with ulcerative colitis? Select all that apply. 1.Anorexia 2.Calf pain 3.5 to 20 stools daily 4.Rectal bleeding 5.Urinary urgency

Correct Answer: 1, 3, 4

The nurse teaches the patient with liver disease that which of these should be avoided for safety? Select all that apply. 1.Alcohol 2.Antibiotics 3.Narcotics 4.Sedatives 5.Tranquilizers

Correct Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5

Which interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care for a patient after gastric surgery? Select all that apply. 1.Monitor vital signs. 2.Encourage shallow breathing. 3.Manage pain. 4.Maintain bedrest. 5.Monitor incisional site

Correct Answer: 1, 3, 5

In which of these stages of hepatitis does jaundice occur? 1.Prodromal 2.Icteric 3.Convalescent 4.Recovery

Correct Answer: 2

The nurse is caring for a patient who is vomiting. What is the priority action for the nurse? 1.Give an antiemetic drug. 2.Protect airway. 3.Administer I V fluids. 4.Insert a nasogastric tube.

Correct Answer: 2

The nurse would administer lactulose to the patient with which of these conditions? 1.Pancreatitis 2.Hepatic encephalopathy 3.Diabetes 4.Ascites

Correct Answer: 2

Which stoma color indicates an inadequate blood supply and is a priority for the nurse to report? 1.Black 2.Bluish 3.Pink 4.Red

Correct Answer: 2

The nurse teaches a patient with cirrhosis functions of the liver. Which of these would the nurse include as functions of the liver? Select all that apply. 1.Bile storage 2.Amino acid metabolism 3.Lipid metabolism 4.Synthesis of plasma proteins 5.Phagocytosis by Kupffer cells 6.Deactivation of vitamin C

Correct Answer: 2, 3, 4, 5

The nurse would evaluate the patient as understanding teaching for gastrointestinal changes that occur with aging if the patient included which of these? Select all that apply. 1.Tooth enamel softens 2.Increased gastric hydrochloride production 3.Sweet taste sensation lost 4.Saliva production increases by 33% 5.Esophagus motility lessens 6.Weaker gag reflex

Correct Answer: 3, 5, 6

Which of these converting functions does the pancreatic enzyme trypsin have? 1.Starch to maltose 2.Emulsified fats to fatty acids 3.Emulsified fats to monoglycerides 4.Polypeptides to peptides

Correct Answer: 4

Which of these is the priority nursing diagnosis for acute pancreatitis? 1.Acute Pain 2.Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume 3.Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity 4.Ineffective Breathing Pattern

Correct answer 1

What is the Gastrointestinal anatomy. Select all that apply. 1) oral cavity and pharynx 2) esophagus 3) stomach 4)small Intestine 5) large intestine 6) all of the above

Correct answer 6

What are the liver functions? 1). Carbohydrate metabolism 2) amino acid metabolism 3) lipid metabolism 4) formation of BiliRubin 5) Storage vitamin A DE & K 6) detoxification of the body 7) Activision of vitamin D 8) synthesize proteins 9) all of the above

Correct answer all of the above

True or false: does The liver gallbladder and pancreas are accessory organs of digestion? Do they Produce or stored digestive secretions?

Correct answer true

hemmorrhoids

swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy)

visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

Which of these interventions should the nurse contribute to the plan of care for constipation prevention? Select all that apply. 1.High-fiber diet 2.Fluids 3.Exercise 4.High-carbohydrate diet 5.Low-protein diet

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3

The nurse would teach the nursing assistant that the benefits of providing oral care daily include which of these? Select all that apply. 1.Important to overall health 2.Prevents pneumonia 3.Reduces ventilator-associated pneumonia 4.Provides patient comfort 5.Prevents aspiration

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4

The nurse would include which of these medications in the teaching plan for peptic ulcer management? Select all that apply. 1.Antibiotics 2.Proton pump inhibitors 3.Histamine-2 receptor antagonists 4.Calcium channel blockers 5.Bismuth subsalicylate

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5

McBurney's point

Pain in RLQ with appendicitis

Convalescent stage of hepatitis

Returning to normal liver function

Cirrhosis

Scarring of the liver tissue affecting the liver's ability to function

inguinal hernia

protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region

acute pancreatitis

results from a blocked duct, inflammation, auto digestion , elevated enzymes

obstipation

severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria

What is the gallbladder's function?

store and concentrate bile That was made from the liver

esophageal varices

swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage.