Gilded Age

Slater

An English technologist who found out about prizes being offered in the U.S to help with U.S technology. He came over and built a machine that spun thread, textile mill, and contributed to the U.S industrial revolution. Significance: He brought ideas to U.S and allowed other people to challenge his ideas to create new machines.

14th Amendment

Citizenship for people born in the US HS Finally giving individuals who were born in America, no matter color, giving them citizenship

"Redemption"

Gov. of South Carolina Wade Hampton was against blacks and demanded an end to reconstruction. Once Hampton became Governor, he reduced black politicians in Government and political participation. Significance: The blacks being sharecroppers (slaves with a little more freedom) and blacks that weren't in office the country was "redemed" because whites were back in charge.

Subsidy

Governmental help for businesses, usually in the form of money Significance: Only railroads received subsidy because they were already so expensive that of they broke they wouldn't be able to pay. Farmers did not because it would increase mass production making the problem worse and taxes would be higher.

Critics of sharecropping claimed it was "slavery with a paycheck." To what extent do you agree or disagree with this evaluation? Explain your answer.

I agree strongly the Plantation owners took advantage of the mass new freed slave population because a lot of the population was poor. The free men with the little money needed somewhere to live and a way to make money, the plantation owners needed workers because they lose their labor force. The owners without the mass influx of cash coming from their free labor force they wanted the same money, so they took it from the poor blacks. In the end, the never got money Disagree; they were making lives and were not under total control of the White men No cruelty

Steel

In 1800's mass production of steel allowed the product to be cheaper. Significance: Steel was used to build railways and bridges that were strong enough to carry large engines. This allowed factory owners to send their finished products anywhere. The mass production of steel also allowed there to be the invention of elevators which made building taller.

In what ways did sharecropping perpetuate (continue) the dependence of African Americans on white landowners?

It perpetuated because they were using the poor black's and taking their money. The white men still depended on their money from the blacks now they are "free" but only receive little pay.

Jim Crow Laws

Jim Crow Laws were statutes and ordinances established between 1874 and 1975 to separate the white and black races in the American South. In theory, it was to create "separate but equal" treatment, but in practice Jim Crow Laws condemned black citizens to inferior treatment and facilities HS: it did not solve the problem only made it worse it created the idea of white superiorty

Inventions

Loom- invented by Boston Merchant Francis Cobot Lowell Mill- Slater (English Man) built first American Mill Conveyor Belt- Oliver Evens invented Interchangeable parts- Eli Whitley (assembly line) Mass production- making things in large amounts for less money

Ben Tillman

Man who lead the agrarian revolution and eventually became the governor of South Carolina and lead redemption and turned the southern states of Mississippi against the Blacks and ran them out of political states HS: Turns the White men, poor and wealthy, against the blacks by uniting them to abolish black politics (KKK)

Influence of Westward Expansion on Natives

Many natives were forced by Americans to leave their territories in order for the Americans to have more land to sell to settlers and to build railways. Significance: The natives were forced and treated badly by the Americans

Furnishing men/merchants

Men who helped Sharecroppers get suplies to start growing on thier farms HS: they took lots of money away from sharecroppers (racistism)

Land Speculator

People who want to buy land as cheaply as possible and then re-sell it at a much higher rate. Significance: land was already expensive to buy and was sometimes hard to sell to settlers because of the expenses.

Business regulations

Regulations on working conditions, meat & foods, business advertising, and railroad rates uniformed. Significance: The government did not regulate any of these industries during gilded age which put people at risk for disease, false advertisement, and being over worked.

Pacific Railway Act

The "Pacific Railroad Acts" were a series of acts of Congress that promoted the construction of a "transcontinental railroad" (the "Pacific Railroad") in the United States through authorizing the issuance of government bonds and the grants of land to railroad companies. It was signed by Abraham Lincoln on July 1 of 1862. Significance: This railroad brought settlers and their goods to new lands and produced a way to transport goods across the country.

steam power

The most important invention during the industrial revolution and was developed in England. It channeled the force of steam to provide power and these engines were much more efficient than water-powered machines. They did not require a nearby water source. Significance: Many machines used steam-engines to power their mills including Oliver Evans who invented the conveyor belt.

Westward Expansion

The movment of American's to the West HS: People began to use rail roads and spread out and move the indians out

Urbanization

The movment of families moving from farms to rural homes closer to the city Significance: People could not compete with the factories so they moved into cities to work in factories. The conditions were bad because there were not laws on how many hours ppl. had to work and it was dangerous.

Immigration Policy

The senate approved the bill (Chinese exclusion Act) in 1882 however it did not help workers very much. Significance: Was the first act to restrict immigration based on race, violence against Chinese in U.S was caused after this act such as the 1885 massacre in Rock Springs.

Landowners

Usually white men who were in charge of sharecroppers Significance: making it like slavery because of the poor blacks who were always in debt. (could never get out of sharecropping and become something better)

telegraph

a system for transmitting messages from a distance along a wire, especially one creating signals by making and breaking an electrical connection. Significance: The government provided telegraph poles along the length of the railroad in order to have more efficient communication in the U.S.

Tariffs

a tax on imports significance: The government did adopt tariff in the late 1800's . It helped protect some businesses from foreign competition

Homestead act

encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land. Significance: This act is what drew settlers to use the railways and provided expansion over the U.S. This eventually led to urbanization and the Industrail Revolution.

15th Amendment

grants African Americans right to vote HS The South hated this bill and started to use violence, KKK, to retain white supremacy in the southern states government.

Government bond

is a bond issued by a national government, generally with a promise to pay periodic interest payments and to repay the face value on the maturity date. Significance: In order to build the railroads, the government provided bonds in order to pay themselves back over 30 years and their workers.(came out of U.S currency)

regulating monopolies

one company controls an entire industry. Significance: the government decided to focus only on preventing cutthrought businesses practices, saying that if a business owner achieved a monopoly through legitimate methods, it wasn't illegal.

Sharecropping

poor people (usually blacks) who used land to grow crops from landlords and had to share their harvest with that landlord at the end of the season. Significance: Many were in debt and had to borrow money from landlord for necessities so they were always trying to pay back landlord with crops. Was an ongoing cycle

13th Amendment

slavery or indentrued servetued HS was created to give black freedom from plantation owners but instead they were still workig in from them in the Sharecropping cycle.

Segregation

the action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart. Significance: The government put amendments into play such as the 13,14,15 which gave black men the rights to all men and when they realized that that wasn't working they simply gave up and segregation was put into play.

Industrialization

the process in which a society or country (or world) transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services. Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production and craftsmen are replaced by assembly lines. Significance: Many ideas leading to the industrial revolution came from England and their technology, this lead to urbanization and more government regulations

Length of Workday

there was not regulation on the conditions the workers were working in or how long they had to work for. Significance: This caused dangerous actions such as Unions being formed and rebelling against organizations and factory owners in order for the workers to protect their rights.

Problems resulting from urbanizations

too many people and hard to get jobs mass production (works make less money) sanitary issues, dangerous working conditions Unions (rebelling workers)