Glaciers

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Today more than _____ of the world is covered by glacial ice.

1/10

We usually only see about _____ percent of an iceberg above water.

10

Greenland

13,800 ft. thick and 708,000 square miles

Glacier

a large mass of compacted ice that flows under the influence of gravity

2.

streams carry material as it melts

About 18,000 years ago ____ of the earth was covered by glaciers.

1/3

Antarctica

5.5 million square miles, 15,700 feet thick, and 90% ice and 77% fresh water

If all the land ice on earth melted it would raise the sea level by ____ meters.

70

3. Icebergs

80% to 90% of the iceberg is below the surface of the water

1. Icebergs

Calving: when an ice block breaks off a glacier with a terminus at seaside

The lakes and rich soil of the American _______.

Mid-West

The Fiords and peaks of ____________.

Patagonia

and ________ valley

Yosemitia

By studying ______ trapped in the ice, researchers can reveal the history of the earth's climate.

air

Continental

an ice sheet that covers a large area

2. Icebergs

approximately 20,000 created each year and 150 are hazards to ships

Snowfields

areas where winter snow fails to melt completely in the summer> this is where glaciers are formed

4. Cirques

basin formed at the top of glaciers as rock is scoured out when the ice begins to move downward

Icebergs are formed by glacial ice cracking off and this is called _____.

calving

We can see the effects of glaciers long after they have _____.

disappeared

A glacier begins to form when snow _____ faster than it ______.

fall, melts

Icebergs

floating glacial ice

7. Fiord

flooded inlet created when a glacier erodes its valley floor below sea level

6. Horn

formed when a mountain peak is surrounded by glaciers and multiple cirques

Geologists believe that for much of the last 3 million years _____ covered much of the North east Landscape of the United States.

glaciers

1.

glaciers deposited debris 3 ways > 3 facts

Firn

granular ice formed by compresses snowfield, snow that has built up for years

2. Polishing

ice and rock scrape rock under the glacier to a smooth finish

5. Tarn

lake that remains in a cirque after a glacier dissolves

5. Icebergs

largest ever > 3,700 square miles in area, 164 feet above the surface, and 1,640 feet thick. 7 times larger than Jamaica.

Terminus

leading edge of the glacier, the location where the ice melts faster than it can be replaced, or where it falls into the sea

Hanging Valleys

many these leave waterfalls after the glacier recedes> example; bridal veil falls in Yosemite

1.

material drops under it as it melts

3.

material is piled up on its edges and terminus as the ice pushes it

2. Lateral

material that is deposited on the side of the glacier

1. Terminal

material that the glacier pushed in front of it

3. Outwash Plain

melt water streams deposit sand and gravel from the glacier

Valley/ Alpine

narrow river of ice in a high valley > the most common type of glacier

2. Moraines

ridges of material deposited by glaciers > 3 types

6.

rivers cut a V shape and glaciers cut U shapes

The bottom layer of a glacier moves ______ than the top.

slower

3.

small side glaciers enter a larger glacier from higher elevations and carve out hanging valleys

3.

speed is at its greatest at the center and slower at the bottom than the edges because of friction

Wastage Zone

the area where the glacier's annual melting just exceeds

Flow Zone

the bottom portion of the glacier where the ice is like plastic and moves unevenly

The debris left behind in the sandy bluffs of cape cod was transported by glaciers from _______.

the ice age

Snowline

the lower edge of a snow field

1. Plucking

the process of ice tearing out chunks of rocks

Fracture Zone

top portion of the glacier that is brittle and cracks because of the uneven movement

4. Icebergs

water salinity is the factor of how much of the top is seen > higher salinity = more of the top is seen as it is floating out of water

3. Medial

when 2 glaciers merge their lateral moraines creating a center debris pile

Piedmont

when a valley glaciers combine and spread out over a plain


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