Global Health and Wellness

"The rights-based approach to health" indicates that:

All of the above

It is important in human subject research to allow participants to:

All of the above

Good nutrition is vital to:

All of these are correct

Scientists suggest that climate change could affect health by:

All of these are correct

When looking at low birthweights, which of the following statements are true?

All of these are correct

Which of the following is closely linked with environmental risk factors in low and middle income countries?

All of these are correct

The key principles for making ethical choices about distributing scarce resources for health should include:

Allocations so that total beneficial impact is as large as possible

Planetary health best refers to:

An approach to public health that focuses on the interrelation between human health and the dependence on natural systems such as the environment and animal health.

What has emerged as one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st Century?

Childhood obesity

Which two conditions are among the top three causes of death globally?

Heart disease and stroke

Life expectancy at birth is:

How long people born today are expected to live if existing mortality trends continue for the rest of their life

Ambient particulate matter pollution is a major risk factor for:

All of these are these are correct

Which of the following are among the top three conditions that cause disability?

COPD

Examples of countries that in the last 50 years achieved substantially better levels of population health than one might have predicted by their income level, include

Cuba, Costa Rica, and China

_____ is an insignificant value per share of capital stock specified in the corporate charter.

Par value

Environmental determinants of health would include:

Safe drinking water

An example of an emerging infectious disease would be:

The resurgence of syphilis in 2018 COVID 19 The outbreak of measles in the US in 2019 All of these are correct CORRECT

True or false: Some states allow corporations to issue no-par value common stock.

True

The Declaration of Helsinki says that anyone participating in human subject research must provide the following:

Voluntary, informed consent

An accumulated deficit means a company has ______.

accumulated more net losses than net income

Lox, Stock and Bagel, Inc. issued 50,000 shares of the 100,000 authorized. It has since repurchased 5,000 of its shares. The number of shares outstanding equals ______ shares.

45,000

A major advantage of the corporate form of ownership is ______.

limited legal liability

Improved sanitation most reduces the burden of:

parasitic worms

Treasury stock is reported in the ______.

stockholders' equity section of the balance sheet

Contributed capital of $1,000,000 is found in the ______ section of the ______.

stockholders' equity; balance sheet

WASH refers to:

water, sanitation, hygiene

Which of the following comments about malnutrition is false:

Malnutrition has no connection to infection

The risks of indoor cooking with biomass fuels and poor ventilation poses a threat because:

None of these

Waterborne infections:

Occur when water infected with a pathogen is ingested

Estimates propose that the burden of disease related to environmental risk factors is about:

23%

A major risk factor for diabetes is:

A lack of physical activity

Which of the following are in the top ten risk factors for the death of children under five years of age?

Both A and B

An example of the recent geographic spread of a communicable disease includes:

COVID-19

Common stock's par value is ______.

an insignificant amount specified in the corporate charter

Dividends Payable is recorded as a credit on the ______.

declaration date

The years of life lost due to premature death from which of the following has increased over the last decade?

diabetes

Similar to a stock split, a stock also distributes additional shares of stock to existing stockholders on a pro rata basis at no cost to the stockholders. (Enter one word per blank.)

dividend

Stockit, Inc. issued 100,000 shares of the 1,000,000 shares authorized. Stockit has repurchased 10,000 of its shares. The number of shares authorized represents the ______. (Check all that apply.)

maximum number of shares Stockit is allowed to issue

If you own stock in a corporation that goes bankrupt, you ______.

only stand to lose what you paid to buy the stock

Stock options are given to ______.

provide incentives for employees to work harder.

The only human disease ever eradicated was:

smallpox

An example of primary prevention is:

Vaccination for COVID19

What is the relationship between communicable diseases and countries incomes?

Communicable diseases go down as income goes up

Which of the following can be seen in the impact of education on health?

It helps with better prevention and management of illness

Generally, people who are healthier make:

More money than those in poor health

Children are likely to be healthier in a country in which:

The government makes education a national priority for all genders

Daffy Duct, Inc. issued 10,000 shares of no-par value common stock at $10 per share. Miss Hap, the bookkeeper, recorded the transaction with a $100,000 debit to Cash and $100,000 credit to Common stock. Which of the following is true?

This entry is correct.

When a shareholder of Limited, Inc. sells its shares to another investor on the stock exchange, Limited, Inc.'s accounting equation ______.

is not affected because the corporation is separate from its owners

Diva, Inc. declared and paid $10,000 of dividends. Dividends of $10,000 may be found on the ______.

statement of retained earnings

Dilution Solutions, Inc. repurchased 500 shares of its $2 par value common stock for $10,000. The effect of this transaction on the accounting equation, using the cost method, includes a ______. (Check all that apply.)

- $10,000 decrease in Cash - $10,000 increase in Treasury Stock

Which of the following would be found on a statement of stockholders' equity? (Select all that apply.)

- Dividends - Stock Issuances - Net Income - Treasury Stock - Additional Paid-in Capital

Advantages of equity financing over debt financing include that ______. (Check all that apply.)

- dividends are optional - equity financing does not require repayment

AnuU, Inc. sold 100,000 shares of the 1,000,000 shares it is allowed to sell. AnuU repurchased 10,000 of these shares. The number of shares issued equals ______ shares.

100,000

Obesity is defined as:

A BMI greater than or equal to 30

The best definition of a noncommunicable disease is:

A disease that is not spread by an infectious agent

Which of the following is an example of a public health approach?

A large-scale program encouraging a community to vaccinate

Significant progress made in improving human health over the past 50 years. One indicator that shows a big need for improvement is:

Almost half of all under-5 child deaths are related to malnutrition.

To prevent chronic diseases in adults, the WHO recommends which of the following?

At least 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity each week in adults

In an IPO, Ima Rich purchased 1,000 shares of BMI, Inc. for $5,000. Five years later, Ima Rick sold the 1,000 shares for $8,000 to Ralph Loring. What is the effect of this sale?

BMI, Inc., will not be directly affected by this transaction.

A noncommunicable disease is one that:

Cannot be spread from person to person by an infectious agent

The Sustainable Development Goals

Consist of a variety of goals and targets that relate to health

capital, also called paid-in capital, reports the amount of capital the company received from investors. (Enter only one word per blank.)

Contributed

When looking at nutritional status, which of the following is true?

Decrease with increases in socioeconomic status

True or false: When a corporation declares a dividend its Net Income on the income statement is reduced.

False

Which of the following is important to avoid neural tube defects in a newborn?

Folic Acid

Which of the following is best defined as differences in health that are not only unnecessary and avoidable, but also unfair and unjust?

Health inequity

When considering fertility rates and declining and aging populations, which of the following statements is true?

Highest-income countries have lower fertility and declining and aging populations.

When looking at health care and gender:

It is more dangerous for a femaleâs health in low income countries.

shares equals the number of shares minus the number of shares repurchased by the company. (Enter only one word per blank.)

Outstanding and issued

When conducting subject selection in human subject research:

Participants should be chosen so there is an acceptable risk/benefit ratio

Vaccine preventable diseases include:

Pertussis, measles, tetanus

When looking at the impact of health, the costs of Illness, and poverty, which of the following should be considerations?

Poor health and disability can be very expensive for health care systems.

Which factor is expected to have the greatest impact in the next two decades on the burden of disease?

Population aging

The best description below of the focus of public health is:

Preventing disease, extending life expectancy, and physical health promotion

Which is likely to produce the least cost per DALY and the best outcome?

Promoting good hygiene practices

The major principle(s) of the Belmont Commission Report include:

Respect for persons, Beneficence, and Justice

reports the cumulative amount of net income earned by the company less the cumulative amount of dividends since the corporation began. (Enter one word per blank.)

Retained Earnings

When looking at Rural Health, which of the following are true?

Rural populations will be less healthy than urban populations.

Which of the following would raise the most challenging issue related to adequate care and respect for human rights for diseases such as HIV?

Such diseases are often stigmatized and discriminated against

An example of secondary prevention is:

Taking a blood pressure

Disability refers to:

Temporary or long-term reduction in a person's ability to function

An example where research with human subjects in low and middle income countries prevented using a drug that had shown efficacy in wealthier countries can be found in the following:

The "Short Course" AZT Trials

The foundation of human rights is the:

The International Bill of Human Rights

The first document that specified ethical principles that guided physicians engaged in human subjects research was:

The Nuremberg Code

Which statement least reflects a global health concern?

The achievement of greater health equity in an individual country

Cardiovascular disease includes:

ischemic heart disease and stroke

Canton, Inc. issued 10,000 shares of $1 par value common stock at $10 per share. Mr. Smart, the bookkeeper, recorded this transaction with a $100,000 debit to Cash and a $100,000 credit to Common stock. As a result of this entry ______. (Select all that apply.)

- Common stock will be overstated - Additional paid-In capital will be understated

Daffy Duct, Inc. issued 10,000 shares of $1 par value common stock at $5 per share. The effect of this transaction on the accounting equation includes a ______. (Check all that apply.)

- $50,000 increase in total assets. - $50,000 increase in total stockholders' equity.

Which of the following line item amounts would be under the Retained Earnings column of a statement of stockholders' equity? (Select all that apply.)

- Dividends: Preferred - Dividends: Common - Net Income

Some of the most advancements in public health has resulted from:

- Improvements in hygiene, access to safe water, and access to safe sanitation - Improvements in technology, such as the dissemination of childhood vaccines - Increases in people's level of education - All of these are correct CORRECT

Which of the following give the best definition that The WHO defines as a determinant of health?

The range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors which determine the health status of individuals or populations

A DALY measures:

The sum of years lost due to premature death and years lived with disability, calculated on a weighted basis

The journal entry to record the declaration of a dividend includes ______. (Select all that apply.)

- a debit to Dividends - a credit to Dividends Payable

The declaration of a dividend results in ______. (Select all that apply.)

- an increase in liabilities - a decrease in Retained Earnings after temporary accounts are closed - an increase in Dividends

The declaration and payment of a cash dividend ultimately causes a(n) ______. (Check all that apply.)

- decrease in Retained Earnings - decrease in stockholders' equity - decrease in Cash

Which group generally has the most access to health resources:

The best-off groups economically

The elimination of diseases refers to:

The disease incidence being reduced in a specific area to zero

When looking at income and the leading causes of death that are non-communicable, which of the following are true?

The lower the level of income, the more likely the leading causes of death are non-communicable

Some of the things leading to the development of resistant strains of bacteria such as TB, Malaria, and Gonorrhea include:

The overuse of antibiotics Counterfeit drugs and poor prescribing practices Poor patient compliance with taking prescribed drugs All of these are correct CORRECT

Clinical trials of a drug on human subjects require that the "control group" for the trial receive at least:

The placebo

Intake of red and processed meat is associated with:

Type 2 diabetes, some cancers, and cardiovascular disease

Which of the following is true, on average globally?

Women live longer than men

Treasury stock represents ______. (Check all that apply.)

the amount paid for stock reacquired and currently held in treasury a contra-equity account

Stock options are expensed ______.

when granted and are recorded at the estimated cost of the options

Ima Rich purchased 100 shares of Stockits, Inc.'s $1 par value common stock from Stockits for $5 per share. Which statements are true regarding the effect of this transaction on Stockits' financial statements? (Select all that apply.)

- Stockholders' equity on the balance sheet increases. - The financing activities section of the statement of cash flows increases.

Mega Corporation repurchased 1,000 shares of its $1 par value common stock for $8,000. The effect of this transaction on the accounting equation includes a(n) ______. (Check all that apply.)

- decrease in assets - decrease in stockholders' equity

Retained Earnings are ______. (Check all that apply.)

- decreased by dividends - sometimes called earned capital - all of the company's earnings kept rather than distributed to stockholders - increased by net income

A stock dividend ______. (Check all that apply.)

- distributes additional shares of stock to existing stockholders on a pro rata basis. - causes retained earnings to decrease.

Preferred stock is advantageous in that it ______. (Check all that apply.)

- has priority over common stock when dividends are declared - has priority over common stock at liquidation

The effect of repurchasing stock using the cost method is to ______. (Check all that apply.)

- increase Treasury Stock - decrease assets - decrease stockholders' equity

Accumulated Deficit ______. (Check all that apply.)

- indicates accumulated net losses - means that Retained earnings has a debit balance - is shown in parentheses on the balance sheet

Stockit, Inc. issued 100,000 shares of the 1,000,000 shares it is allowed to issue. Stockit has repurchased 10,000 of its own shares. The number of shares authorized equals ______ shares.

1,000,000

A type of difference in health that is linked to social or economic disadvantage best defines which of the following?

Health disparities

The leading cause of death for females of all ages is:

Heart disease

The most common cause of cancer death worldwide is:

Lung

Determinants of health that a person are not born with include:

Social status

Zoonoses is defined as:

he spread of infection from animals to humans

Transactions between a company and its stockholders affect the company's _____ accounts only.

balance sheet

A corporation ______ have a legal obligation to pay dividends.

does not

An advantage of financing is that dividends are optional. (Enter only one word per blank.)

equity

Stunting refers to:

Failure to reach linear growth potential

Crowded areas such as prisons can often be:

Places which are excellent breeding grounds for communicable diseases such as TB

The infant mortality rate is:

The number of children under age 1 per 1,000 live births who die in a year