Global humanities test 3

Which Arabic word identifies a niche found in a mosque, intended to indicate the direction of Mecca? a. ummah b. sura c. sharia d. mihrab

d. mihrab

What is the role of the muezzin? a. to provide a private space for meditation b. to guide the faithful to Mecca c. to ward off temptation d. to call the faithful to prayer

d. to call the faithful to prayer

What famous church was built in Rome during the reign of the Emperor Constantine? a. Saint Peter's Basilica b. the Coliseum c. Saint John's Cathedral d. Saint Mark's Cathedral

a. Saint Peter's Basilica

How did scholars working in the "House of Wisdom" contribute to the dissemination of Aristotle's writings in the West? a. Their Arabic translations of Aristotle preserved the works. b. They discovered previously unknown writings by Aristotle. c. Their Arabic translations of Aristotle preserved the works. d. They published Latin translations of Aristotle's works.

a. Their Arabic translations of Aristotle preserved the works

Which term refers to pages held together by stitching (an early form of a book)? a. codex b. encaustic c. mosaic d. scroll

a. codex

What is the language of the Qur'an? a. Arabic b. Persian c. Hebrew d. Aramaic

a. Arabic

What is the name of the body of literature which consists of authoritative commentaries on the Qur'an and explanations of oral traditions? a. Hadith b. Sharia c. Muezzin d. Alhambra

a. Hadith

Who was Theodora? a. Justinian's wife b. Augustine's lover, before he renounced his depraved ways c. Theodoric's daughter d. Constantine's wife

a. Justinian's wife

Which of the following was NOT written by Augustine? a. On the Conversion of Clerics b. The Literal Meaning of Genesis c. Confessions d. The City of God

a. On the Conversion of Clerics

Who became the most important figure in the spread of the Christian church after the death of Jesus? a. Paul b. Peter c. Matthew d. John

a. Paul

What is responsorial singing? a. singing in which the congregation responds with simple refrains to the cantor's lines b. singing in which two sections of the congregation alternate in chanting lines from psalms. c. singing in which the choir responds to the congregation's lines d. singing in which the congregation chants beneath the cantor's melody

a. singing in which the congregation responds with simple refrains to the cantor's lines

Where is the apse located in a church? a. surrounding the altar b. along the transept c. near the entrance d. between the pews

a. surrounding the altar

A common feature in Islamic art, ______ refers to patterns of geometric shapes that fit together without overlaps. a. tessellation b. fiber art c. calligraphy d. arabesque

a. tessellation

What event in 622 marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar? a. the Hejira b. the hajj c. Ramadan d. the mihrab

a. the Hejira

What is the term for a chapel dedicated to a specific purpose? a. votive b. studia c. pendentive d. lunette

a. votive

According to the Bible, who was the father (patriarch) of the Hebrews? a. Isaac b. Abraham c. Noah d. David

b. Abraham

How is the Qur'an organized? a. It is divided into seven large-scale subsections. b. It is divided into 114 suras. c. It consists of a single very long, undivided chapter. d. It is divided into four separate volumes.

b. It is divided into 114 suras.

In what language did the Sufi mystic Rumi primarily write? a. Arabic b. Persian c. Turkish d. Urdu

b. Persian

Who were the three most important kings of the United Monarchy of Canaan? a. Abraham, Isaac, and Saul b. Saul, David, and Solomon c. Methuselah, Noah, and David d. Job, Jacob, and Solomon

b. Saul, David, and Solomon

What is the Septuagint? a. a translation into Latin of the Hebrew Bible b. a Greek version of the Hebrew Bible c. a translation into Sanskrit of the Greek Bible d. a Latin version of the Greek Bible

b. a Greek version of the Hebrew Bible

What was a common symbol of early Christianity? a. a bird b. an anchor c. a fountain in a garden d. a lion and a lamb

b. an anchor

What is the term for an underground cemetery, especially common during early Christianity? a. palimpsest b. catacomb c. narthex d. apse

b. catacomb

What was Justinian's major architectural achievement? a. the construction of the Galla Placidia Church b. the rebuilding of the Hagia Sophia c. the rebuilding of San Vitale d. the construction of the Arian Baptistery

b. the rebuilding of the Hagia Sophia

Who was Justinian? a. the ruler of the Visigoths in the 6th century b. the ruler of the eastern Roman Empire in the 6th century c. the foremost champion of Aristotelian thinking in his day d. the ruler of the western Roman Empire in the 6th century

b. the ruler of the eastern Roman Empire in the 6th century

What work of Augustine's is considered the beginning of self-reflective writing in the West? a. Philosophical Consolations b. On Faith c. Confessions d. City of God

c. Confessions

What city was the center of imperial life in the Roman Empire in the 5th and early 6th centuries? a. Rome b. Venice c. Constantinople d. Ravenna

c. Constantinople

To what use was the Hagia Sophia converted after the Turks assumed control? a. It became a synagogue. b. It became a royal palace. c. It became a mosque. d. It became a museum.

c. It became a mosque.

How does the shape of the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna differ from traditional basilica design? a. It has a tripartite dome. b. It is hexagonal. c. It is octagonal. d. It is rectangular

c. It is octagonal

The literal translation of the Arabic word _______ is "recitation." a. ummah b. Sufi c. Qur'an d. sura

c. Qur'an

What is a hajj? a. a sacred text attributed to Muhammad b. an architectural feature of a mosque c. a pilgrimage to Mecca d. an Islamic devotional poem

c. a pilgrimage to Mecca

What is the meaning of the word "Islam"? a. teaching b. right path c. submission (to Allah) d. charitable act

c. submission (to Allah)

What are the four most important sources of information about the life of Jesus? a. the Dead Sea Scrolls, Lamentations, and Proverbs b. the books of Revelation, Leviticus, and the Psalms c. the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John d. Acts of the Apostles, Song of Solomon, and the Pauline Letters

c. the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John

Into what groupings did the ancient Hebrews divide their Bible? a. the Creation Story, the Pauline Letters, and the Book of Revelation b. the Gospel, the Babylonian Letters, and the Writings c. the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings d. the Psalms, the Tenets, and the Epistles

c. the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings

What did the Chi-Rho monogram refer to? a. Psalms used during Christian worship services b. early Christian beliefs about the afterlife c. the first two letters of the Greek word for "Christ" d. commonly cited Biblical proverbs

c. the first two letters of the Greek word for "Christ"

What is a primary reason the textbook gives for the rapid spread of Islam? a. the grandeur of Islamic architecture b. the Ummayad Caliphate's campaign to convert Africa and Asia c. the simplicity of its original teachings d. the glorious afterlife promised in the Qur'an

c. the simplicity of its original teachings

Who were the apologists? a. people who lamented the expulsion of mankind from the Garden of Eden b. critics of Christian worship practices c. writers who defended Christianity against attacks from the Roman Empire d. Christians who acknowledged their sins and expressed the desire to repent

c. writers who defended Christianity against attacks from the Roman Empire

Which Muslim scholar invented algebra and created a modern numerical system? a. Al-Hazen b. Rhazes c. Moses Maimonides d. Al-Khwarizmi

d. Al-Khwarizmi

The dispute over whether Jesus was equivalent to or distinct from God is called the ________________. a. Edict of Milan b. Nika riots c. Nicaean debate d. Arian controversy

d. Arian controversy

Who is considered the founder of Islam? a. Ishmael b. Allah c. Abraham d. Muhammad

d. Muhammad

What is the significance of the Ka'bah? a. It is the site of the largest mosque in Islam. b. It was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. c. Muhammad lived there as a young man. d. Muhammad established it as the spiritual center of Islam

d. Muhammad established it as the spiritual center of Islam

How did pendentives help in the construction of the Hagia Sophia's? a. They reinforced the foundation b. They formed a stable tunnel. c. They sat atop the cupola. d. They distributed the dome's weight.

d. They distributed the dome's weight.

"Doctors of the church" refers to which of the following? a. clergy who studied medicine b. priests who studied Greek philosophy c. physicians who treated ill clergy members d. a group of saints who developed church doctrine

d. a group of saints who developed church doctrine

What was the "Babylonian Captivity"? a. the period immediately before the coming of Christ b. the enslavement of the Babylonian people c. the imprisonment of the Babylonian people d. a period of Hebrew exile

d. a period of Hebrew exile

What is the Biblical meaning of "covenant"? a. a prophecy that determines human destiny b. a sacred text c. a shelter or refuge d. an agreement between God and humans

d. an agreement between God and humans

What is the term for a mosque's pulpit, or platform on which the worship leader stands? a. minbar b. ummah c. rebab d. caliph

d. caliph

Which of the following terms identifies the books included in the modern Christian Bible (Old and New Testaments)? a. apocrypha b. pentateuch c. catechism d. canon

d. canon

During the holy month of Ramadan, Muslims are to do which of the following? a. write in a prayer journal b. give one article of clothing to charity each week c. pray 15 times per day d. fast from sunrise to sunset

d. fast from sunrise to sunset

What is the meaning of the Greek root of "icon" (eikon)? a. legend b. symbol c. message d. image

d. image

What term refers to the arrangement of parts of a public religious service? a. blessing b. order c. mass d. liturgy

d. liturgy

What is the Hebrew term for "the anointed one," referring to a savior? a. Israelite b. rabbi c. yahweh d. messiah

d. messiah