Global

Keeping up with the ideas of the document French Revolution slogan emerges

"Liberty, Equality and Fraternity "

Reforms of Napoleon

1. Creation of the Bank of France 2. Napoleonic Code 3. Education 4. Concordat of 1801

The goal of the Congress of Vienna was to

1. Establish lasting peace and stability in Europe 2. Prevent future French aggression 3. Restore balance of power 4. Restore royal families to thrones 5. Return conservative ideas to Europe= Throne Turn back time to before Napoleon and French Revolution: to old regime days restore stability to Europe following the defeat of Napoleon

Actions taken

1. Formed Kingdom of the Netherlands 2. Created German Confederation 3. Recognized independence of Switzerland 4. Added Genoa to Kingdom of Sardinia 5. Required France to return territories conquered by Napoleon but left France a major power 6. Affirmed principle of legitimacy

3 errors of Napoleon post 1804

1. Invasion of Portugal, peninsular war (guerilla warfare) 2. Battle of Trafalgar vs Britain 3. Invasion of Russia

Napoleons victories

1. Successful in Austria, Prussia and Russia- forced them to sign peace treaties 2. Build largest empire since Roman Empire

What factors led to the revolution

1. The Estate system Three estates The way it was developed sparked rebellion 2. Enlightenment Ideas People look for Freedom, Liberty and Equality 3. Economic problems Cost of living increases wages decrease. Crop failures causes prices to rise. Supporting American Revolution doubles debt. Unfair Distribution of taxes- 3rd estate carries burden 4. Weak Leadership The Nobles and King lived lavishly unaware of reality Orders new taxes not change spending

National Convention

A new form of government comes to power because of the problems in France Governments of France: 1. Constitutional Monarchy (before French Revolution) 2. Limited Monarchy from the Constitution of 1791 3. National convention

What is the constitution of 1791

After two years of debate new constitution is adopted Created limited monarchy Separation of powers- king answers to legislative assembly Creating voting requirements for men (taxpayers)

Napoleon annexed ________, parts of _______ and _______

Austrian Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland Looked to expand influence further

This country convinces __________, ___________ and ________ to join against France

Britain convinces Russia, Austria, and Sweden

The Russian army retreats from Napoleon and

Burns everything as they retreated As moved further into Russia supplies and morale dropped Russian winter killed majority of Napoleon's army Scorched-Earth Policy Russian Invasion

What is the limitations of the Catholic Church during the French Revolution

Church lands seized and sold to pay off debt State took control of the church Priests paid by the state

The First Estate

Clergy -1% of population Own 10% of land Very wealthy Pay NO TAXES and owned land

During Napoleons rule, in the US territories there was

Colonial revolt in Haiti Napoleon cuts losses of a successful rebellion Sells Louisiana territory everything east of Mississippi to Jefferson

The general agreement among the leading countries rulers about the goal of congress is the

Concert of Europe

When Napoleon is coming to power, he creates a goverment called the

Consulate and later gains support from the people through the use of a Plebiscite

Napoleon wanted to end _____ and ______ in government

Corruption and inefficiency, dismissed inefficient officials and replaced new one based on merit not family connections Got rid of inefficient people of goverment and put ones that worked well for his goverment, not ones who were not useful from family connections

Napoleon Bonaparte was born in island of ____

Corsica

Education

Creation of Lycees- government run public school

What is the primary source, the Declaration of Rights of Man

Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen Drafted during August of 1789 A statement of revolutionary ideas adopted by National Assembly Similar to the American Declaration of Independence Declaration of Rights of Man stressed natural rights and freedom for all men All men, not women "Men are born free and equal in rights" Rights include "liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression" Document also guaranteed citizens equal justice, freedom of speech and freedom of religion

Napoleons defeat

Defeat comes at the hands of a coalition army Prussia, Austria and Britain join together to defeat Napoleon's army Napoleon exiled to Elba as Louis XVIII takes power Napoleon escapes Elba and would be defeated at Battle of Waterloo Shipped to Saint Helena where he would later die

Stage Two of the French Revolution

During this stage of the revolution the new National Assembly looked to bring reforms to France These reforms were: Declaration of Rights of Man Limitation of Catholic Church 1791 Constitution adopted

Estates general

Each estate gets one vote and met separately to vote on issues Third estates would get out voted by other two France's traditional national assembly with representatives of the three estates, or classes, in French society: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. The calling of the Estates General in 1789 led to the French Revolution.

In 1804, Napoleon declares himself

Emperor Overthrew the government in France Looks to expand power throughout Europe (overtakes Russia because of this) Contributes to French Nationalism (proud to be French) Uses diplomacy to divide European powers and he conquers more territory Napoleon rule as a dictator leads to nationalistic ideas- Leads to his defeat

In 1789, King Louis XVI was forced to call the _________ to discuss raising taxes in France

Estates general

Napoleon got sole power when he was elected as

First council (sole in charge)

Which factors led to the French Revolution

France on the verge of bankruptcy, Unjust tax system, feudalistic society, and population increase means bread price is higher

Napoleon wanted to use ___________ ideas in France

French Revolution

Napoleons greatest enemy was

Great Britain

Compensation

It was decided that nations who had suffered in fighting against Napoleon would be given land. The Netherlands received Belgium, Russia got Finland and part of Poland, Prussia received the other part of Poland, and Britain received control of various colonies. Netherlands: Belgium Russia: Finland, one part of Poland Prussia: other part of Poland Britain: control of various colonies Whoever suffered the most during napoleonic wars got the most land

When revolution broke out, Napoleon

Joined army of new government

Who refuses to honor the third estate's proposition to meet the estates general

King Louis XVI

Stage One of the French Revolution

King Louis XVI forced to call the Estates General to discuss raising taxes Estates General- each estate gets one vote and met separately to vote on issues Third estates would get out voted by other two Second (on notes third) estates demands the Estates General meets together. King Louis XVI refuses to honor this and demands independent voting . The National Assembly is created as a result- Third estate create this to pass laws and reforms on the behalf of French people. Third Estate agrees to the National Assembly- proclaim the end of an absolute monarchy and beginning of a representative government. Third estate locked out of meeting room. Break down the door to a tennis court and make a pledge. Storming of Bastille Tennis Court Oath: Pledge made by third estate Looked to create a new constitution for France Louis was forced to meet the demands of the National Assembly July 14, 1789 angry crowd storms the Bastille and this is the symbolic beginning of the French Revolution Destruction of the Old Regime

After finishing military school at 16, Napoleon became a _______ in ______

Lieutenant, artillery

Who wanted to establish a balance of power among the nations

Metternich of Austria

The Third Estate

Middle class, poor, and laborers "Rest of france" 97% of the population Payed majority, or almost all, of the taxes Did not have money to pay taxes because they were the lowest class

France in the 1700s was

Most advanced nation in europe, with The largest population Prosperous foreign trade Center of the enlightenment and culture

Coup d'etat

Napoleon and two members of government over the government A sudden overthrow of the government by a small group

Napoleons failure of the continental system

Napoleon created a blockade against Great Britain in order to weaken them Prevented communication and trade from them and was supposed to make Europe self sufficient as Britain increased trade with Americas and smuggled goods from Europe In addition others didn't follow the policy Britain used Navy to cut off ships sailing to Europe This system weakened the economy of France more than that of Britain Great Britain waves their sword as Napoleon straddles the world

Peninsula War

Napoleon first took over Portugal They refuse to follow the continental system Conquered people resented Napoleon's rule Soldiers banded together to fight Napoleon Spain- Guerilla armies fought -a member of an irregular usually politically motivated armed force that combats stronger regular forces, Napoleon's troops This was- Peninsula War lead to death of 300,000 men Other conquered peoples turn on Napoleon Third of May- French firing at Spanish peasants suspected of being guerillas Napoleon's Invasion of Russia painting was guerrilla warfare

Battle of Trafalgar

Napoleon's loss Naval defeat against Britain Naval Battle 1805- Naval split of French fleet capturing many ships and destruction of French Fleet Ensures British supremacy of Navy for next 100 years Forced Napoleon to give up plans of British Invasion One of napoleons only losses in battle until his later life an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon's forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson

Decline of Napoleon

Napoleons attitude toward the people he conquered led to his decline His empire lasted around five years He worried about what the empire would be after his death, and he divorced Josephine his wife because she didn't bear children. He then married Marie Louise, the grandniece of Marie Antoinette, and his son Napoleon ll was born His son was the King of Rome

Stage Three of French Revolution

New French government is unstable France gets involved in a war with Austria and Prussia Factions emerge within the revolution King and his family were imprisoned

Napoleon was sent to military school as what age

Nine

The Second Estate

Nobility, which was 2% of the population They owned 20% of land Also wealthy, payed little taxes and held position in government

Who published the declaration of rights of women and why

Olympe de Gouges As a response, ideas are rejected In 1793 she is declared an enemy of the state and executed

Concordat of 1801

Outlines the relationship between church and state French government appoints clergy and pays their salaries This is the agreement between Pope Pius VII and Napoleon that healed the religious division in France by giving the French Catholics free practice of their religion and Napoleon political power

What is the Tennis Court Oath

Pledge made by third estate Called themselves the National Assembly Looked to create a new constitution for France Louis was forced to meet the demands of the National Assembly Third estate agreed to stay together and fight until there is a written constitution for France After they were locked out by king

Nationalism grows across Europe

Pride in the county you live in

Jacobins

Radical group that took over during stage four of the French Revolution Leaders included Georges Dantom and Maximillian Robespierre

Balance of power

Representatives also wanted to prevent future aggression on the part of France. The Congress redrew the map of Europe in an effort to prevent one nation from dominating other nations. The great powers successfully restored a balance of power. These decisions did reduce conflict in Europe for a period of time

In 1812 Napoleon fathers army to invade

Russia

The _______ demands the estates general meet together

Second estate

The role of government on the declaration of rights of man is to

Serve the people

Legacy of the Congress of Vienna

Short Term Conservatives regained control of governments Triggered revolts in colonies Long-term Created an age of peace in Europe Diminished power of France and increased power of Britain and Prussia Sparked growth of nationalism

What was the symbolic start of the French Revolution

Storming of the Bastille July 14, 1789 angry crowd storms the Bastille and this is the symbolic beginning of the French Revolution Rumors circulate about what is occurring in France. People begin to gather weapons for protection Angry mob storms Bastille looking for gunpowder and arms Kill guards and parade around with their heads Symbolic act of the revolution This caused: Great Fear As a result of rumors a panic spreads Peasants become outlaws, break into nobles properties destroying feudal papers

Napoleon reformed many things such as the

Tax system, created bank, pushed for financial managements and control of economy

Creation of the Bank of France

Taxed imports, promoted trade and industry, used paper money

Stage Four of the French Revolution

The Jacobins, a radical group, takes over Leaders of Jacobans are Georges Dantes ans Maximillian Robespierre Try to remove king and create a republic Later execute king and wife Robespierre created a Committee for Public Safety- to keep order Brings Radical Change to France

The National Assembly proclaims the end of what

The absolute monarchy and beginning of a representative government

Legitimacy

The diplomats decided to return the legitimate rulers to their thrones in cases where Napoleon had deposed them. The King of Sardinia (Italy) was restored as ruler of his various territories, and King Louis XV was recognized as the ruler of France Wanted government to go back to being ruled by ruling families of power and the monarchy Not anyone who overthrew the goverment: they were not legitimate rulers

Conservatism

The diplomats were all members of the upper classes, and therefore were interested in the traditional order of things. Historians consider these diplomats to be reactionaries (extreme conservatives) because they wanted to return to the previous era Wanted traditional ideas and values going back to time of the Old Regime. Were all upper class because the old government was very biased towards them and they didn't have to pay taxes

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

The document which states these limitations pf the catholic church during french revolution

As a result of King Louis demanding independent voting, what is created as a result

The national assembly Third estate create this to pass laws and reforms on the behalf of French people. Third Estate agrees to the National Assembly- proclaim the end of an absolute monarchy and beginning of a representative government. Third estate locked out of meeting room. Break down the door to a tennis court and make a pledge

Scorched Earth Policy

The practice of burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land

The Old Order, or the Old regime was

The social and political system of France in the 1770's French society divided into three large social classes or estates People of France unhappy with Old Regime

The Reign of Terror

Time period during the Jacobins and Robespierres rule where, to keep critics quiet, they executed them This was the period in France where Robespierre ruled and used revolutionary terror to solidify the home front. He tried rebels and they were all judged severely and most were executed

The congress of Vienna participants

Tsar Alexander I (Russia) King Frederick William III (Prussia) Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (France) Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Britain) The "Host" Prince Klemens von Metternich (Austria)

Napoleonic code

Uniform set of laws for all of France Eliminated many injustices Limited liberty and promoted order and authority over individual rights Freedom of speech and press restricted Restored slavery in French colonies All men equal before the law Changed revolution reforms- women loose freedoms Men absolute power of family A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon

Plebiscite

Vote of the people

Metternichs ideas on balance of power

Wanted to keep Europe peaceful He thought that by preventing any one nation from becoming militarily stronger than the others than Europe would be kept at peace

Committee of Public Safety

Was created by Robespierre to keep order

Final defeat

Waterloo

After the French Revolution, France had a ____ government

Weak, as people had little confidence in the power of the directory

The picture shown represents

What is this picture portraying to the viewer? The first estate on top and being carried by the other two estates, with the third estate carrying the other two at the bottom. How would you feel if you were a member of the Third Estate? Angry Do you think that such cartoons would help to spur revolution? Why? Yes, as it sparked madness in the lower estates How might an illiterate citizen react when they view a drawing like these? They would view it as attacking them as they could understand what they meant

Hero of the Hour

When Napoleon was recognized for crushing the royalists. Becomes a hero and greatly benefits his rise to power 1795 royalist march on National Convention , Napoleon defnds the delegates crushing the royalists 1796 lead the army to defend France against Austria and Sardinia Kingdom October 1795 royalist rebels march the National Convention and Napoleon is charged with defending the delegates. Greets the royalists with cannonades, wins, and becomes a hero

What was the women's march on versailles

Women get armed march to Versailles. Demand National Assembly take action against bread cost. Then turn to king and queen, break into palace kill guards, demand Louis and Marie Antoinette return to Paris Louis agrees eventually

In October of 1789, was the ___________

Womens march on versailles