GLST FINAL EXAM
Number of Speakers of Spanish worldwide
560 million worldwide 470 million native speakers
A Separation (Farhadi, 2011)
A Separation is a 2011 Iranian drama film written and directed by Asghar Farhadi, starring Leila Hatami, Peyman Moaadi, Shahab Hosseini, Sareh Bayat, and Sarina Farhadi. It focuses on an Iranian middle-class couple who separate, the disappointment and desperation suffered by their daughter due to the egotistical disputes and separation of her parents, and the conflicts that arise when the husband hires a lower-class caregiver for his elderly father, who suffers from Alzheimer's disease. A Separation won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 2012, becoming the first Iranian film to win the award. It received the Golden Bear for Best Film and the Silver Bears for Best Actress and Best Actor at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival, becoming the first Iranian film to win the Golden Bear. It also won the Golden Globe for Best Foreign Language Film. and the Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Feature Film. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, making it the first non-English film in five years to achieve this.
"cradle of civilization" in 5000 BC Mesopotamia
Ancient Mesopotamia is called the cradle of civilization. The first cities and empires formed here. ... 5000 BC - The Sumer form the first towns and cities. They use irrigation to farm large areas of land.
Most spoken languages in the Middle East
Arabic and Hebrew represent the Afro-Asiatic language family. Persian and Kurdish belong to the Indo-European language family. Turkish belongs to Turkic language family. About 20 minority languages are also spoken in the Middle East.
Soccer in spain (FC Barcelone (Barca)/ Real Madrid/ the classico/ identities linked to the Barca/How do Christopher Columbus, La Casas: who were they?
Bartolomé de las Casas 1484 - 18 July 1566) was a 16th-century Spanish colonist who acted as a historian and social reformer before becoming a Dominican friar.
Catalan: where is it spoken? Number of people who speak it?
Catalan is a language spoken in three regions of Spain: Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands. Outside Spain, it is the official language of Andorra. It is also spoken in some parts of France and Italy 7.3 million people speak Catalan
Catalonia: where is it? Population? Main city?
Catalonia has been part of Spain since its genesis as a united state in the 15th century, when King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile married and united their realms. ... When Spain became a republic in 1931, Catalonia was soon given broad autonomy. 7.441 million Barcelona
Establishment of Israel
Creation of Israel, 1948. On May 14, 1948, David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel. U.S. President Harry S. Truman recognized the new nation on the same day.
Holy places in Islam
Dome on the Rock, the wailing wall Mecca and Kaaba lots of prayer occurs here
ETA: what was it? number of victims of ETA
ETA, which is pronounced "etta," is a leftist group that conducts terrorist attacks to win independence for a Basque state in northern Spain and southwestern France. ETA stands for Euskadi ta Askatasuna, which means "Basque Fatherland and Liberty" in the Basque language.
What countries make up the Middle East?
Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iraq Kuwait. Jordan. Israel. Iraq. Iran. Egypt. Egypt is located in the north eastern region of Africa, where it has borders along the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Gulf of Aqaba. Cyprus. Cyprus is another island nation, located in the Mediterranean Sea between Turkey and Egypt. Bahrain.
Even the Rain Movie (2010)
Even the Rain is a 2010 Spanish drama film directed by Icíar Bollaín about Mexican director Sebastián (Gael García Bernal) and Spanish executive producer Costa (Luis Tosar) who travel to Bolivia to shoot a film depicting Christopher Columbus' conquest. Sebastián and Costa unexpectedly land themselves in a moral crisis when they and their crew arrive at Cochabamba, Bolivia, during the intensifying Cochabamba Water War in 2000, which their key native actor Daniel (Juan Carlos Aduviri) persistently leads. The film received nominations and won awards internationally, including an Ariel Award for Best Ibero-American Film and three Goya Awards, one of which was Best Original Score for the work of Alberto Iglesias. Additionally, the film was nominated as Spain's entry for the 2011 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
Franco: who was he? When did he arrive in power? When did he die?
Francisco Franco Bahamonde ; 4 December 1892 - 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939, after the nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975. He established a military dictatorship.
What are the 3 monotheistic religions to which the vast majority of people in the region belong?
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam large majority of them are muslim, with jews as a minority in Isreal and some significant Christian populations
The Spanish Civil War years? Who won?
July 17, 1936 - April 1, 1939 On March 28, 1939, the Republicans finally surrendered Madrid, bringing the Spanish Civil War to an end. Up to a million lives were lost in the conflict, the most devastating in Spanish history. Franco subsequently served as dictator of Spain until his death in 1975.
4 main Spanish speaking countries of the World
Mexico (113 million native speakers) Colombia (47 million native speakers) Spain (40 million native speakers) Argentina the US
Languages spoken in Spain
Nowadays five languages are spoken in Spain: Galician- Portuguese, Spanish (Castilian), Basque, Catalan and Occitan (aranès). Spanish (Castilian): It is the official language in all over the country.
Tenets and practices of Islam
Oneness of Lordship: To believe that Allah is The ONLY Creator, Provider, and The Commander. B) Oneness of Worship: To believe that Allah is the ONLY God who should be worshipped, and obeyed as Allah prescribed. C) Oneness of Allah's Names and Attributes: To believe that Allah Is Perfect and His Names and Attributes are Perfect according to what Allah tells us about Himself in the Quran, believing that those Names and Attributes, in their perfection, belong only to Allah. ◊ Muslims believe that NO one shares Allah's divinity that is neither angel nor human. Allah says: "And Allah makes none to share in His decision and His rule." (Holy Quran 18:26) ◊ Muslims do not believe that Allah sleeps, gets tired, or dies. Those attributes are only for Allah's creations. Allah has neither Weakness nor Weariness. ◊ Muslims do not believe that human beings are created in the image of Allah. ◊ Muslims believe that there is no intermediary who will take any one nearer to Allah or plead on anyone's behalf. They believe that any individual can directly supplicate to Allah and ask for anything he/she wants.
Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire after WWI
Partition of the Ottoman Empire. The partition of the Ottoman Empire (Armistice of Mudros, 30 October 1918 - Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate, 1 November 1922) was a political event that occurred after World War I and the occupation of Constantinople by British, French and Italian troops in November 1918.
Documentary Heavy Metal in Baghdad
THEMES ambivalence to the new democracy that has resulted after removal of Saddam Hussein restrictions on freedom of expression discriminated against for being influenced by western culture (beards, clothing) fear of being attacked for being different strategies of survival and coping during during the civil war heavy metal as way of channeling aggression and emotion refugee life and migration starting over in syria, discriminated against as Iraqis with low paying jobs
The Basque countries: where are they, in what countries, size, population
The Basque and Catalan cultures promulgate identities that threaten the unity of the Spanish nation. ... Barcelona, in the region of Catalonia, is the second largest city in Spain, with impressive Medieval architecture and Mediterranean beaches, and many buildings designed by Gaudi.
The Basque language, number of speakers, where it is spoken, is it related to other European languages?
The Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, the Basque Country. The Basque language is spoken by 28.4% (751,500) of Basques in all territories. Of these, 93.2% (700,300) are in the Spanish area of the Basque Country and the remaining 6.8% (51,200) are in the French portion.
Spain Catalonia's independence
The Catalan independence movement is a social movement historically derived from Catalan nationalism, which seeks independence of Catalonia from Spain. The Estelada flag, which has a "blue" and a "red" version, has become its main symbol.
The Catalan referendum of 2017. Number of voters? Problems with the referendum?
The Catalan independence referendum of 2017, also known by the numeronym 1-O (for "1 October") in Spanish media, was an independence referendum held on 1 October 2017 in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia, passed by the Parliament of Catalonia as the Law on the Referendum on Self-determination of Catalonia
Water War of 2000 in Bolivia
The Cochabamba Water War was a series of protests that took place in Cochabamba, Bolivia's fourth largest city, between December 1999 and April 2000 in response to the privatization of the city's municipal water supply company SEMAPA.
PP: what is this political party? ideas about Spanish unity?
The People's Party (Spanish: Partido Popular [paɾˈtiðo popuˈlaɾ] ( listen); known mostly by its acronym, PP [peˈpe]) is a conservative and Christian-democratic political party in Spain. It is one of the four major parties of modern Spanish politics.
Examples of relationship between religion and the state in Muslim nations in the region (some ex in the film A separation for example)
The Quran- the Muslim holy Scripture , recordings of messages from God to Muhammad , never cited or changed The Hadith - second holy book of Islam, written down by followers of Muhammad about his life
The 5 Fundamental Practices
The Shahadah (Testament of faith) - Trusting and understanding the words of the Shahadah. The shahadah means there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah the shahadah can be recited when a person chooses to convert to Islam as the words in the shahadah are the key fundamental beliefs in Islam. Prayer (Salah) - Praying five times a day, kneeling towards Mecca. There are specific ritualistic movements and prayers that are said. Fasting during the month of Ramadan (Sawm) - Islamic Fasting is not eating or drinking beverages when the sun is out, only when the moon is out. Charity or alms-giving (Zakat) - Each year a Muslim should give money to charity (Usually 2.5% of their savings). If a person does not have much money, they can do other things instead. A pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) - Muslims should go to Mecca to worship Allah on a pilgrimage. They should do this at least once in their lives. A person does not have to make this pilgrimage if they cannot afford to, or they are physically unable to (Though they can get someone else to go for them).
Documentary: The Basque ball: Skin Against Stone (2003)
The film's purported intention is to create a bridge between the different political positions that coexist, sometimes violently, in the Basque Country. In order to do so, Medem edits the interviews giving a sense of dialogue between parties that refused to sit down and talk. Due to its lack of contextualization, the film may be hard to understand to audiences without previous knowledge of the Basque problem—it is obviously a film designed to be viewed by Spanish audiences, or people familiar with the issues. The movie also utilizes footage from the Basque portions of the 1955 travelogue Around The World With Orson Welles, and continually intercuts between interviews and jai alai players.
Tainos Indians vs Quechua speaker Indians
The first native American peoples encountered by Columbus — in the Bahamas, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico — were the Arawak-speaking Taino. Their language became extinct within a hundred years of the invasion. Spanish and many other European languages inherited a number of loans from Arawak languages.
Shi'a and Sunni split (Islam)
The original split between Sunnis and Shiites occurred soon after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, in the year 632. ... And it was fundamentally that political division that began the Sunni-Shia split." The Sunnis prevailed and chose a successor to be the first caliph
When was the US invasion of Iraq? What was the controversy around it? related to Heavy Metal in Baghdad
Thursday, March 20 The 2003 invasion of Iraq was the first stage of the Iraq War (also called Operation Iraqi Freedom). The invasion phase began on 20 March 2003 and lasted just over one month, including 21 days of major combat operations, in which a combined force of troops from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Poland invaded Iraq. This early stage of the war formally ended on 1 May 2003 when U.S. President George W. Bush declared the "end of major combat operations", after which the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was established as the first of several successive transitional governments leading up to the first Iraqi parliamentary election in January 2005. U.S. military forces later remained in Iraq until the withdrawal in 2011.
History of the prophet Muhammad
born in present day Saudia Arabia orphaned and lived in house of his uncle Abu Talib Muhammad becomes a merchant and marries wealthy widow - has 2 daughters was a thoughtful man - visitd a cave near Mecca to contemplate visited by Angel Gabriel is told God chose him to transcribe divine messages records and dissipates these messages as the Quran develops a small following in a region marked by brutal social practices - slavery female infanticide
Other common practices in Islam (related to meat, alcohol, etc.)
taboo against eating pork prohibition of alcoholic consumption Sabbath observed on Friday prohibition of money lending with interest-seen as exploitative common view of Jesus Christ
