Glycolysis

What is formed when the phosphate is removed from phosphophenol pyruvate?

ATP

What is made by dephosphorylating 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate in step 7 of Glycolysis?

ATP

What are the steps in Glycolysis in which ATP is used?

Steps 1: Glucose -----> Glucose 6 phosphate Step 3: Fructose 6 phosphate ----> Fructose 1,6 phosphate

What are the steps in Glycolysis in which ATP is gained?

Steps 7 and 10

What enzyme adds a phosphate to fructose 6 phosphate to make fructose 1,6, phosphate in Step 3 of Glycolysis?

phosphofructokinase HINT:(phosphate + adding to fructose +kinase(a phosporylizer)

What is the enzyme called that facilitates the rxn in step 7?

phosphoglycerate kinase HINT:(adds a phosphate via phosphorylization(kinase)

What enzyme moves the phosphate from the 3 position to the 2 postion on the phosphoglycerate molecule?

phosphoglycerate mutase HINT(An isomerase that kind of creates a "mutant" out of 3-phosphoglycerate)

What is the very last step of Glycolysis?

phosphophenol pyruvate ------> pyruvate

What does a Kinase do?

phosphorylation/ dephosphorylation (addition and subtraction of a phosphate)

What is the mechanism by which the first step in glycolysis occurs? What is expended in the process?

phosphorylation: ATP

What is step 6 in the Glycolysis process?

Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosophate -----> 1,3, bisphosphoglycerate

What is step 7 of Glycolysis?

1,3 bisphosphoglycerate ------> 3-phosphoglycerate

How many reactions are there total in Glycolysis?

10

What is produced from the Glycolysis process?

2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 H20, 2 pyruvate

What is step 9 of glycolysis?

2-phosphogycerate------->phosphophenol pyruvate

What happens in step 8 of glycolysis?

3-phosphoglycerate---->2-phosphogylcerate

How many ATPs are actually formed in Glycolysis? Why is this different from what is actually produced?

4 are formed, but 2 are put in by the cell, so only 2 net ATPs are formed.

What is needed by phosofructokinase to produce fructose 1,6 phosphate from fructose 6 phosphate?

An ATP molecule (2nd used in Glycolysis)

What does an Isomerase do?

Changes shape, not composition

What does an Aldolase do?

Cleaves sugar into smaller sugars.

Which enzyme removes a water from 2-phosphoglycerate?

Enolase

What is the fourth step in the Glycolysis process?

Fructose 1,6 phosphate -----> dihydroxyacetone phosphate AND glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate.

What is Step 2 in the Glycolysis process?

Glucose 6 phosphate -----> fructose 6 phosphate

What is the first step in the Glycolysis process?

Glucose---->Glucose 6 Phosphate (addition of a phosphate)

What are the 3 major types of enzymes involved in Glycolysis?

Kinases, Isomerases, and Aldolases.

What is the molecule called that helps the rxn in step 6 occur? What is produced from that molecule after the rxn takes place?

NAD; NADH

What enzyme facilitates the change from Glucose 6 phosphate to fructose 6 phosphate in Step 2 of glycolysis?

Phosoglucose Isomerase

What enzyme catalyzes the reaction in step 10 of glycolysis?

Pyruvate Kinase

What is the goal of Glycolysis?

To turn Glucose into pryuvate, so it can enter into the Krebs cycle to produce more energy and generate ATP (Energy) in the process.

Which enzyme produces glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate from dihydroxylacetone molecules?

Triosphosphate Isomerase

How does Fructose 1,6 Phosphate get broken down into dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate?

aldolase

How do we end up with 2 NET ATPs at the end of glycolysis instead of 1?

because everything done after step 5 is done to both of the glyceraldehyde 3 phosphates produced in steps 4 and 5

Which of the molecules created in the fourth step cannot continue in the process of Glycolysis as is?

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

What is the fifth step in Glycolysis?

dihydroxyacetone phosphate ----->glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

What is the third step in the Glycolysis process?

fructose 6 phosphate---->fructose 1,6 phosphate

What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the rxn in step 6?

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase HINT:(takes a H+ off glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate, adds a phosphate, so its a kinase)

What enzyme phosphorylizes Glucose into Glucose 6 Phosphate in step 1?

hexokinase