Gov Chap 5 Quiz Review

It is estimated that there are as many as _____ undocumented aliens residing and working in the U.S.

12 Million

A series of civil rights acts, extending full citizenship to anyone born in the United States and giving African-Americans full equality, authorizing the president to enforce the law with the armed forces, setting out specific criminal sanctions for interfering with the right to vote as protected by the Fifteenth Amendment, and making it a federal crime to deprive an individual of rights privileges and immunities secured by the Constitution, were enacted in the period between

1865-1875

Currently for every dollar earned by men, women earn about _____ cents.

78

_____ passed "English-only" laws, making English their official language.

About half of the states

Generally, the rights rooted in the 14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection are known as

Civil Rights

The owner and proprietor of Bubba's Rib Cage, an eatery located at the confluence of three different interstate highways, despises minorities and wants to refuse to allow them to eat at his restaurant. His actions violate the

Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Which of the following is true?

Civil liberties specify what government cannot do, while civil rights specify what government must do to ensure equal protection and freedom from discrimination.

_____ segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies is known as

De facto

The Supreme Court's decision in _____ in 1857 held that slaves were not citizens of the United States and thus not entitled to the rights and privileges of citizenship, a ruling that contributed to the inevitability of the Civil War.

Dred Scott v. Sanford

State and local agencies responsible for enforcing anti-discrimination laws are known as

Fair Employment Practices Agencies

In his Executive Order that prohibited discrimination in employment by any employer who received federal funds, President _____ also required all such employers to establish affirmative action plans.

Lyndon Johnson

Martin Luther King's philosophy of nonviolent civil disobedience was influenced greatly by

Mahatma Gandhi.

_____ led the Montgomery bus boycott, formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and became a driving force in the civil rights movement.

Martin Luther King

Which of the following is true?

Members of Congress from both parties have introduced legislation that would extend citizenship to illegal aliens now residing in the United States.

The Defense of Marriage Act of 1996 was passed in response to

a ruling by the Hawaii Supreme Court that might have allowed same-sex couples to marry.

The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution

abolished slavery

The policy in admissions or hiring that gives special consideration to traditionally disadvantaged groups to overcome the present effects of past discrimination is known as

affirmative action.

The policy that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination is known as

affirmative action.

In the U.S. women gained the right to vote nationwide

after Britain and Canada but before Japan and Italy

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 prohibits

age discrimination against people without a valid occupational reason.

In 2003 the Supreme Court considered two different admissions polices adopted at the University of Michigan and

approved affirmative action plans that took race into consideration as part of a complete examination of the applicant's background.

The Supreme Court invalidated the 1875 Civil Rights Act

arguing that the Fourteenth Amendment was aimed at limiting state action, not the actions of private citizens.

Today, U.S. schools are integrated precisely in the manner outlined by the Supreme Court in its landmark 1954 decision.

becoming segregated again due to changes in the proportion of whites and minorities living in urban areas.

In recent years, Hispanics have

begun to reverse their reputation for being politically inactive or disinterested.

The transportation of public school students from areas where they live to schools in other areas to eliminate school segregation based on residential patterns is known as

busing.

A nonviolent, public refusal to obey allegedly unjust laws is known as

civil disobedience.

The law regulating conduct between private persons over noncriminal matters is known as

civil law.

Judge-made law that originated in England from decisions shaped according to prevailing customs is known as

common law

The Supreme Court's opinion in Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena means that an affirmative action program must do all of the following except

continue for a period of at least ten years.

In _____ cases, the government is the prosecutor because the violations are against the public order.

criminal

Racial segregation that occurs because of past social and economic conditions and residential racial patterns is known as

de facto segregation.

In the 2003 decision of Lawrence v. Texas, the Supreme Court

declared laws against sodomy between consenting adults in private unconstitutional.

Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique

described the unequal status of women in the United States.

The Americans With Disabilities Act

does not apply to carpel tunnel syndrome.

In recent years,

factions within both the Democratic and Republican parties have proposed measures that would lead to citizenship for illegal aliens.

The phrase "don't ask, don't tell" refers to a policy toward gay men and lesbians

granting limited protection to members of the military.

The modern movement for the rights of gay men and lesbians began

in 1969, following a riot that broke out when police raided the Stonewall Inn, a New York gay bar.

In a 1996 decision of Romer v. Evans, the Supreme Court

invalidated a Colorado law that denied homosexuals the right to seek specific protection of the law.

A practice, policy, or procedure that denies equality of treatment to an individual or to a group because of gender

is gender discrimination

In India, dowry killing

is rarely prosecuted.

The glass ceiling

is reinforced by so-called "mommy-track" jobs

The tests commonly administered as a precondition for voting were called

literacy tests.

Common law is the law

made by judges that originated in England from decisions shaped according to prevailing customs.

A poll tax was used to

make it more difficult for African Americans to vote.

With regard to child custody and visitation rights

most states do not deny custody solely on the basis of their sexual orientation

The civil rights movement led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was based on the philosophy of

nonviolent civil disobedience.

The Equal Rights Amendment was

not ratified by the necessary 38 states

The Civil Rights Act of 1968

prohibits discrimination in housing.

In the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) the U.S. Supreme court held that

public school segregation of races violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Supreme Court ruled in the Bakke case that

race cannot be the sole factor in admissions decisions

The charge that some affirmative action programs discriminate against non-minorities is called

reverse discrimination.

De facto segregation means

segregation because of previous conditions, not deliberate government intention.

In 1896 the United States Supreme Court ruled in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson that

separation of races is not a violation of the Constitution.

On the issue of sexual harassment, the Supreme Court has ruled that

sexual harassment can occur when words or actions of a sexual nature interfere with the employee's work or create a "hostile environment."

The use of _____ was instrumental in bringing about the integration of lunch counters, buses and trains.

sit-ins

After the fight for the Equal Rights Amendment, various women's groups addressed all of the following issues except

special legislation to protect the health of female factory workers.

The Fourteenth Amendment does all of the following except

states that the right to vote shall not be abridged on account of race.

A(n) _____ is a legal writ requiring a person's appearance in court to give testimony.

subpoena

_____ is the right to vote.

suffrage

The role of the federal courts changed after the case of Brown v. Board of Education in that

the Supreme Court in effect told lower federal courts that they had to take an activist role in society.

What is most important about all of the 1800s Civil Rights Acts was

the belief that congressional power applied to official or government action or to private action.

The members of the Hispanic community who participated in the marches in 2006 voiced one overriding common request, which was

the desire to obtain U.S. citizenship.

The direct result of the case of Plessy v. Ferguson was

the development of a system of legal racial segregation known as "Jim Crow."

A major consequence of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was

the elimination of discriminatory voter registration tests.

The separate-but-equal doctrine holds that separate-but-equal facilities do not violate

the equal protection clause.

Women's rights have been threatened by all of the following except

the ideology of Saddam Hussein's Baath Party

Citizens eighteen years or older received a constitutional right to vote in part because

they could be drafted into the military at that age.

The success of civil rights groups in Brown v. the Board of Education

triggered an enormous backlash among segregationists.

The quest to achieve school integration resulted in

violence in several cities throughout the nation over the issue of busing.

The grandfather clause

was a tool used by southern states to disenfranchise African Americans.

African American leader Malcolm X

was part of a movement that preferred racial separation..

In the 1944 case of Smith v. Alwright, the Supreme Court ruled the _____ to be a violation of the Fifteenth Amendment.

white primary

The white primary in Southern states allowed

whites to exclude African Americans from voting in Democratic primaries