Gov Test 2

From the end of the Civil War to the 1890s, the ________ Party was the party of the North, while the __________ Party was the party of the South.

Republican; Democratic

The National League of Cities is a good example of a

public-sector interest group

Low-level officials who hope to publicize what they view as their bosses' or the government's improper activities are usually called

"whistle-blowers"

It is estimated that over ________ percent of Americans have a television

95

Which of the following statements best characterizes media ownership in the United States?

A small number of giant, privately owned corporations control most of the country's television networks, movie studios, record companies, cable channels, book publishers, magazines, newspapers, and digital media sites

Which of the following would be an example of a ballot initiative?

A vote on whether recreational marijuana usage should be legalized in the state of California

Which statement best characterizes the influence average citizens and party elites have over the nomination process in the United States?

Although average citizens have some influence in the nominations process, party elites play an outsized role in selecting the candidates who will compete in the general election

Super PACs were made possible in part by the

Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

The New Deal coalition was severely strained and ultimately broken apart by the

Vietnam War and the issue of civil rights

The Pentagon Papers were release as a result of

a leak by a minor Defense Department staffer

Partisan loyalty is likely to be highest in the election of

a state legislator

Which of the following would be an example of a referendum?

a vote on whether to overturn a law passed by the New York state legislature and signed by the governor of New York that imposes higher taxes on wealthy residents

The frequent reporting on the federal investigation by Robert Mueller regarding whether anyone close to Trump participated in Russia's 2016 election interference is an example of the media's commitment to

adversarial journalism

Which of the following stories would an American news outlet that relies primarily on advertising revenue be LEAST likely to cover?

an economics professor providing testimony to a congressional committee on the effect of tariffs

A grassroots mobilization campaign occurs when

an interest group asks its members and their families throughout the country to write their representatives in support of the group's position

Presidential candidates who accept federal funding for their general election campaigns

are subject to strict expenditure limits

The difference between a political value and a political attitude is that values are

basic principles, while attitudes are specific preferences

The Supreme Court's landmark decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) was significant because it

dramatically increased the flow of money from interest groups and Super PACs into politics and electoral campaigns

What it the MOST important factor in predicting whether an individual votes?

education level

Libertarianism is a political ideology that

emphasizes freedom and voluntary association with small government

If a television station sold commercial time to a Republican candidate for governor but refused to sell time to the Democratic candidate for governor, this station would be in violation of the

equal time rule

The establishment of the Republican Party is a good example of

external mobilization

A membership association is a group

in which members play an important role in the daily activities and administration

"Selective benefits" are

incentives that interest groups make available only to those people who are members of their organizations

What is the MOST important and beneficial resource that lobbyists provide government officials?

information

The increased number and importance of interest groups

is a response to an increase in the size and activity of government

____________ generally support abortion rights and oppose state involvement with religious institutions

liberals

The vast majority of Americans describe themselves as

liberals, conservatives, or moderates

In classical political theory, a liberal was closest to what we would today refer to as a

libertarian

The fact that Americans strongly support minimal governmental interference with individuals' lives and property illustrates their commitment to

liberty

Which of the following sets of terms best describes America's fundamental political values?

liberty, equality of opportunity, and democracy

The media are sometimes referred to as the "fourth branch of government" because

they provide a check on the power of government and political leaders

Conservative politicians developed and communicated the notion of a fetal "right to life" in order to

unite Catholics and Protestants and link their interests to the Republican Party

Politicians attempt to "balance the ticket" with members of many important groups because

voters tend to prefer candidates who are closer to themselves in terms of race ethnicity, religion, gender, geography, and social background

The Populist Party appealed to which of the following groups?

western mining interests, small farmers, and urban workers

One way in which AARP (formerly the American Association of Retired Persons) has been effective at overcoming the free-rider problem is by providing ________ benefits to its members

selective

The fact that survey respondents overreport voting in elections and the frequency of their church attendance is an example of ________.

social desirability

In international affairs, conservatism has come to mean

support for military intervention and the maintenance of American military power

Despite its widespread availability, ___________ typically report(s) on the narrowest range of topics an provide(s) the least depth of news coverage

television

Which media source is regulated by the federal government?

television

The fact that only 63 percent of high school graduates have broadband internet access at home while almost 90 percent of college graduates do is an example of

the "digital divide"

Which of the following is NOT a reason why many Americans appear to prefer online news

the accuracy and objectivity compared to traditional news outlets

A ________ is the best example of an informational benefit provided by many interest groups

newsletter

The fact that Democratic Party leaders have become more liberal and Republican Party leaders more conservative is important because

partisans in the pubic tend to rely on party leaders for cues on the appropriate positions to take on major political issues

Liberalism and conservatism are examples of

political ideologies

The process by which political values are formed is known as

political socialization

Which of the following news sources reaches the MOST Americans

television

A political party is an organization

that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office

Who is an incumbent?

the current officeholder, running for reelection

Which agency regulates broadcast media

Federal Communications Commission

What distinguishes lobbying from other strategies of influence?

Lobbyists try to exert pressure directly on government officials themselves

Which of the following is an example of the "gender gap"?

Men are more supportive of Donald Trump's presidency than women

____________ occurs when interest groups take out advertisements and hold marches

Mobilizing public opinion

Which statement about party identification and trends over time in the United States is most accurate?

The number of people identifying as Democrats has outnumbered Republican identifiers for a long time

More than one-third of the groups with lobbying offices in Washington are

businesses and corporations

Both 527s and 501(c)(4)s

can spend unlimited amounts on political advocacy as long as their efforts are not coordinated with those of any candidate's campaign

News produced by individuals and organizations who are not employed as professional journalists is called

citizen journalism

A benefit that is sought by an interest group and that once achieved cannot be denied to nonmembers is called a

collective good

Individuals with home high=speed internet access and the technology and literacy skills to use it are called

digital citizens

In 1987, the federal government stopped enforcing the_________, arguing that it was no longer necessary due to the increasing number of television an radio stations

fairness doctrine

The fact that journalists referred to the Obama administration's health care initiative as "reform" instead of as "health care rationing" is an example of

framing

A person who enjoys the benefits of a group's collective efforts but does not contribute to those efforts is called a

free rider

In order to overcome the _________, interest groups often provide ___________ to their members

free-ride problem; selective benefits

The solidary benefits of interest groups include

friendship and consciousness-raising

In recent years, the religious right has had a great effect on American politics through

grassroots mobilization

Online activist organizations are less expensive to organize than traditional interest groups because they

have a streamlined staff structure with fewer staff, who often work from virtual offices

The Communications Decency Act

made it illegal to make "indecent" sexual material on internet accessible to those under age 18.

When membership in an organization allows for a reduction in the price of museum tickets, it is called a ________.

material benefit

Voter turnout in state and local elections is generally

much lower than turnout in national elections

During the 2000 South Carolina Republican primary, George W. Bush supporters telephoned conservative white voters to ask if they would be more or less likely to vote for John McCain if they knew he had fathered an illegitimate black child. This was an example of what tactic?

push poll

The survey sampling method that relies on randomly selected telephone numbers is

random digit dialing

"Public broadcasting" refers to any television, radio, and digital media that

receive funding from the public through license fees, subsidies, or tax dollars

During the 1980s, the Republicans added _______ to their coalition

religious conservatives and working-class whites

In order to qualify for public funding in a presidential primary, a candidate must

run as a major party candidate and raise at least $5,000 in individual contributions of $250 or less in each of 20 states

Conservatives are more likely than liberals to support

school prayer

In order for a survey accurately generalize to the entire population, the survey must

select respondents randomly and everyone in the target population must have an equal chance of being selected

Which of the following political officers is/are subject to recall elections?

the governor of the state of California

if a public opinion survey reports finding that a particular candidate is supported by 60 percent of voters and that there is a 95 percent chance that support for this candidate is somewhere between 63.1 and 56.9 percent, the 3.1 percent variation from 60 percent is called

the margin of error

A person's political party preferences are primarily acquired through the influence of

the person's family

It is difficult for political scientist to categorize unrepresented interests because

there are no organizations that can present their identities and demands