Government

What are the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution known as?

Bill of Rights

Implied powers of the Necessary and Proper Clause allow

Congress to interpret its enumerated powers broadly.

Which of the following describes a federal system of government?

a system with powers shared across more than one level of government

What is the term for basic political freedoms that protect citizens from governmental abuses of power?

civil liberties

A chief executive chosen by the legislature

is a characteristic of parliamentary systems.

The Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison established

judicial review.

The Bill of Rights initially applied to the __________ government(s), while today the Bill of Rights applies to the __________ government(s).

national; national and state

State and local governments have primary authority over

police powers

Which of the following is an example of checks and balances in action?

the president vetoing congressional legislation

Counting slaves as __________ for the purposes of census did not allow slaves to __________.

three-fifths of a person; vote

When was the Second Amendment's right to bear arms selectively incorporated against the states?

2010

Choose all of the following party systems that featured the Democrats and Republicans as the two major parties.

4th 3rd

A __________ is a tax-exempt group that is not subject to contribution limits and spending caps and that is formed primarily to influence elections through voter mobilization efforts and issue ads that do not directly endorse or oppose a candidate.

527 organization

Which of the following groups identify overwhelmingly as Democrats?

African Americans

Which subgroups were most supportive of the statement that the Bible is the actual word of God? Which subgroups were least supportive of the statement that government should reduce the income differences between rich and poor?

African Americans and southerners; those with a bachelor's degree and those making more than $70,000 a year

What group was concerned about the Constitution's provisions for the strength of the president and the lack of specific guarantees of civil liberties?

Antifederalists

Why was a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?

Antifederalists demanded it for ratification.

The group that believed that the new government created under the Constitution had too much power and could become tyrannical was known as the

Antifederalists.

In _________________, the Supreme Court ruled that homosexual behavior was not protected by the Constitution, but overruled this decision nearly twenty years later.

Bowers v. Hardwick

Which case ended segregation in public schools?

Brown v. Board of Education

What is the difference between a categorical grant and a block grant?

Categorical grants are for spending on specific items and programs, whereas block grants allow states to determine how they are spent.

____________ immigrants have faced discriminatory practices since the California gold rush and the transcontinental railroad.

Chinese

What act prevented Chinese immigrants already in the United States from becoming citizens and halted almost all immigration from China?

Chinese Exclusion Act

In the following list, choose all of the statements that reflect ways that the Constitution has been amended in the past.

Congress proposes an amendment by a two-thirds vote and it is then passed by three-fourths of state legislatures. Congress proposes an amendment by a two-thirds vote and three-fourths of state conventions ratify it.

Andrew Jackson was the founder of which political party?

Democratic

The __________ parties defined the Second Party System on the issue of the tariffs (farmers versus merchants) and slavery.

Democratic and Whig

Which of the following statements best summarizes the shifts in the balance of power between the states and the federal government over the course of the country's history?

Despite some early cases to the contrary, power predominantly remained with the states until the 1930s, when the federal government expanded into many new areas.

__________ is defined as one party controlling Congress but not the presidency or different parties controlling the House and Senate.

Divided government

Which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of the lemon test?

Does the practice discriminate against any one religion?

__________ states that in a democracy with single-member districts and plurality voting, only two parties' candidates will have a realistic chance of winning political office.

Duverger's Law

During the constitutional deliberations, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote 85 articles to sway public opinion. Collectively, which of the following are these 85 articles known as?

Federalist Papers

The __________ parties defined the First Party System on the issue of the proper role and size of the national government.

Federalist and Democratic-Republican

In an attempt to pay back their student loans a bit faster, Mary and Bob commit identity theft and impersonate others to use their credit cards. The government prosecutes them but loses due to lack of evidence. After more evidence surfaces, it attempts to prosecute Mary and Bob again. In doing so, it may be violating which amendment?

Fifth Amendment

The Great Depression was the impetus for the

Fifth Party System

Which of the following is most likely to be a violation of the free exercise clause?

Forcing government employees to work on Friday night or Saturday if those are their days of worship.

Which of the following amendments provides the most substantial grounding for modern civil rights legislation?

Fourteenth Amendment

If one state recognizes a marriage sanctioned by another state, which constitutional clause is being exemplified?

Full Faith and Credit Clause

The constitutional proposals of New Jersey and Virginia found a middle ground in the

Great Compromise.

The right to privacy was established in which case?

Griswold v. Connecticut

Cases involving gender discrimination fall under which legal test?

Intermediate scrutiny

Why was the court case Plessy v. Ferguson important?

It established the idea of separate but equal.

What effect did the "rights revolution" have on the relationship between the federal and state governments?

It gave the national government control over areas that had traditionally been left to the states.

Which of the following was among the Antifederalists' criticisms of the new Constitution?

It lacked protections for individual liberties.

What causes generational effects to occur?

Key events in history shape the attitudes of people who experience them.

The legalization of marijuana in a number of states in 2012 should be seen as a victory for the __________ Party.

Libertarian

In 1973, the Supreme Court established the __________ test to determine whether materials are obscene and can therefore be regulated by governments.

Miller

When it comes to the criminal justice system, blacks are

More likely than whites to be convicted of the same crime and serve longer sentences once convicted.

What does it mean that most political judgments are latent opinions?

Most Americans form their opinions only as needed.

Which of the following statements best represents Americans' evaluations of their government?

Most Americans have a neutral or negative view of their government's performance and low levels of trust in politicians.

Which group formally received the right to vote in 1924?

Native Americans

Catholics and union members were key groups of what coalition?

New Deal Coalition

As outlined in Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from the Birmingham Jail", what was one of the key parts of civil rights protests in the South in the early 1960's?

Nonviolence

What evidence do we have that public opinion is relevant in American politics today?

Politicians and journalists spend lots of time and money trying to figure out what people think.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three themes about politics in the textbook?

Politics is done for the public good.

Which concept describes the idea that actions by the government touch most aspects of your life?

Politics is everywhere.

While court rulings on affirmative action have left substantial grey areas, which of the following best summarizes the current legality of affirmative action in college and university admissions decisions?

Race may be one of several factors in a holistic approach to determining admissions.

Why did early scholars of public opinion wrongly conclude that public opinion did not really exist?

Scholars required that public opinion be internally consistent, stable, and based on explainable beliefs.

NAACP litigation leading up to Brown v. Board of Education challenged and weakened the __________ doctrine.

Separate but Equal

The __________ has forced the Republican Party to confront conflicting issues within the party.

Tea Party

As a condition of admitting California to the United States as a free state, representatives from southern states demanded Congress pass what law?

The Fugitive Slave Act

Why do politicians have a hard time resolving the issue of abortion?

The country is divided on what policy should look like.

Why is conflict almost always a part of the political process?

The easy issues get resolved and go away, and the hard ones stay.

How has Congress managed to expand its power since the time of the Constitution?

The necessary and proper clause allowed Congress to pass laws in many new areas.

__________ is made up of politicians who were elected as candidates of a party, while __________ involves the structure of national, state and local parties, including party leaders and workers.

The party in government; the party organization

Which of the following most clearly demonstrates that political process matters?

The political party in power has extensive control over the policies that are enacted.

What is the geographic relationship between poverty and minority population?

The poverty rate is higher in areas that have higher concentrations of minorities.

Which of the following are potential problems with a survey or poll? Select all that apply.

The question may be worded poorly. The sample may not random. People may not want to express their true feelings.

Suppose you turned on the TV one morning and the local news was showing the following results of a poll on whom people said they were likely to vote for in the upcoming election Lannister: 49 percent Stark: 47 percent Tyrell: 3 percent Undecided: 1 percent Sampling error: +/-3 percent What would you conclude?

The race is too close to call.

Why is there so much debate over the meaning of the Second Amendment?

The wording of the right to bear arms is ambiguous and open to interpretation.

Which statement best characterizes the nature of political action committees and 527s?

They are not part of the political party organization.

Why did the framers of the Constitution not originally have a Bill of Rights in the document?

They believed it was unnecessary since most state constitutions already protected citizens from such violations.

Some forms of speech, such as fighting words and slander, do not warrant the same level of protection as political speech. Why not?

They do not contribute to public debate or express ideas that have important social value.

Why did the colonists create such a weak government in the Articles of Confederation?

They feared a strong government after their experience under the British as colonists.

How has the Supreme Court ruled on attempts to establish English as the official language in several states?

They have upheld such attempts.

Why are focus groups helpful in understanding public opinion?

They provide deep insights into why people hold the views that they do.

What was the biggest problem with the Articles of Confederation?

They swung too far in the direction of limited national government.

During the __________, the issues of post-Civil War reconstruction and the extent to which the federal government should regulate America's rapidly growing industrial base divided Democrats and Republicans.

Third Party System

Which amendments comprise the Civil War Amendments?

Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth

What was the name of the agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention that determined that every slave would be counted as a fraction of a person for the purposes of taxation and representation in the House of Representatives?

Three-Fifths Compromise

Why was the Brown v. Board of Education case filed?

To challenge the separate but equal doctrine.

In the landmark decision _____________, the Court ruled that rigid racial quotas were unconstitutional but allowed race to be a "plus factor" used in admissions decisions.

University of California Regents v. Bakke (1978)

The __________ Plan called for representation based on population, whereas the __________ Plan called for equal representation for each state. The two plans were eventually combined in the __________ Compromise, which created a two-house legislature featuring one house based on each plan.

Virginia; New Jersey; Great

Which of the following statements are examples of political socialization? Select all that apply.

Will's parents talked frequently about politics during family dinner. Jean-Luc grew up in an area of the country that was heavily Republican.

One system the framers did not consider was a parliamentary system. Which of the following is a characteristic of the parliamentary system?

a chief executive chosen by the legislature

What does party identification refer to?

a citizen's loyalty to a specific political party

That respondents may provide answers they believe the interviewer wants to hear is

a common problem with surveys.

What is a caucus?

a local meeting at which party members select a candidate for the general election

What is a party platform?

a set of objectives outlining the party's issue positions and priorities, which candidates are not required to support

Jim Crow laws were passed ___________ the civil war, leading to complete ___________ of the races.

after; segregation

The ambiguity of key provisions of the Constitution

allows for the Constitution to be considered a "living document."

In 2008, a landmark ruling recognized __________ right to bear arms for the purpose(s) of __________.

an individual's; self-defense and hunting

In a federal system, power is distributed

between state and national governments

To calm the fears of the Antifederalists, political actors at the founding included the __________ in the U.S. Constitution.

bill of rights

Which term describes giving each branch of government power over the other two?

checks and balances

Competitive federalism leads to the idea that

citizens will "vote with their feet."

The government has been accused of violating the privacy of American citizens in its pursuit of terrorists and other international criminals. Which is an example of this trade-off?

civil liberties for national security

Basic political freedoms that protect citizens from governmental abuses of power are known as what

civil liberties.

Imagine two government actions. The first is a Supreme Court ruling that the government cannot prevent someone from sending out pamphlets protesting a war. The second is a part of the bureaucracy that reviews complaints about racial and gender discrimination of employers. The first example deals primarily with ______, while the second is more about ______.

civil liberties; civil rights

What is the most important thing a survey company must do to ensure a proper sample?

collect a random sample

Which term describes the inability to get individuals to cooperate to achieve a common goal?

collective-action problem

The fact that an individual is better off when refusing to cooperate leads to

collective-action problems.

Congress expanding its powers in the twentieth century to end segregation and discrimination in the hotel and travel industry is an example of it using which of its powers?

commerce clause

Under the strict scrutiny standard, a law that discriminates based on race must be shown to serve some _____ in order to be upheld.

compelling state interest

Amazon decides to open a huge new warehouse complex somewhere in the Midwest. Wisconsin offers tax breaks to open the plant there. However, Illinois offers tax breaks and free land, and Michigan offers tax breaks and grant money for worker retraining. This is an example of what type of federalism?

competitive

Imagine the hypothetical kingdom of Gondor. In this mythical land there is a central city with a king and what passes for the national government. The rest of the kingdom is split into different states, each ruled by its own government. Because of the difficulty in traveling around the kingdom, the national government does little except collect a few taxes and maintain roads. Otherwise most of the power in Gondor is held by the states themselves. Gondor is an example of what kind of government?

confederal

The first form of government adopted by the United States was

confederal

Which ideology is most often associated with support for low taxes, a free market, and more traditional social practices?

conservative

Pieces of relevant information such as ideology, party identification, religious beliefs, and personal circumstances that come to mind when an opinion is requested are known as

considerations.

Although most Americans have little interest in politics, most of us encounter or are affected by politics

daily

Segregation that exists because of circumstances that occur outside the law is called ____________ segregation.

de facto

The American political parties are

decentralized organizations with loose coordination across groups.

The doctrine of interposition holds that if the national government passes an unconstitutional law, the people of a given state may

declare the law void through an act of the state legislature.

Over the last several decades, the number of ideologically moderate members in Congress has

decreased significantly.

Increasing the number of respondents __________ in a survey.

decreases the sampling error

The preamble of the U.S. Constitution

defines the two central duties of national government.

Kiki lives in a country where the leaders are selected through free and fair elections. This is most consistent with which important American value?

democracy

Redistributive tax policies and few restrictions on individual behavior are generally tenets of the __________ Party.

democratic

What are generational effects?

differences in opinion that vary by age

The process of amending the Constitution is __________, leading to a __________ proportion of proposed amendments succeeding.

difficult; very small

The ____________ holds that discrimination exists if a practice has a negative effect on a specific group, whether or not this effect was intentional.

disparate impact standard

If the Democrats control the Senate and the White House and the Republicans control the House of Representatives, what is this an example of?

divided government

Some civil liberties are rooted in the ___________ clause of the Fourteenth Amendment; the grounding for civil rights is found in the ______________ clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

due process, equal protection

The difference between __________ of public opinion and __________ is that the former argued that political opinions did not exist and the latter argued that people's opinions matter.

early theories; contemporary theories

The power to declare war is an example of which type of power?

enumerated

The __________ is primarily concerned with Congress sponsoring or favoring a specific religion.

establishment clause

According to Madison, what does people's self-interest lead to?

factions

Considering the dozens of times that the president has sent U.S. troops into conflicts overseas, Congress has declared war

far less frequently.

Which of the following best exemplifies the concept of federal preemption?

federal criminalization of marijuana even when states or cities allow medicinal use

What system of government splits power across local, state, and national levels?

federalism

The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

forbids state governments to deny "life, liberty or property" to any person without due process of law.

Which of the following is NOT an American political value identified in the textbook that helps resolve conflict?

fraternity

Civil liberties listed in the Bill of Rights include all but which of the following?

freedom from discrimination

Which of the following are First Amendment rights? Choose all that apply.

freedom of religion freedom of assembly

Gibbons v. Ogden in 1824 was important because it

gave the national government significant new authority to regulate interstate commerce.

The elastic clause

gives Congress the ability to pass laws related to its expressed powers.

Because public goods can be underproduced in a free market, they are often provided by

government

New Federalism

granted state and local governments greater control of nationally funded programs.

New Federalism was generally characterized by

granting state and local governments greater control of nationally funded programs.

Which form of speech is the Supreme Court most likely to protect?

hate speech

Which of the following options is a form of expression that is offensive or abusive, particularly in terms of race, gender, or sexual orientation, and is currently protected under the Constitution?

hate speech

What is the process by which many citizens move away from moderate positions and toward either end of the political spectrum?

ideological polarization

Public opinion is considered __________ when many citizens have positions toward either end of the political spectrum.

ideologically polarized

There is a high correlation between both the party identification of parents and their children and the __________ of parents and their children.

ideology

Under the exclusionary rule,

illegally or unconstitutionally acquired evidence cannot be used in a trial.

What is the tool used by Congress to remove a president for abuse of power?

impeachment

Antifederalists' concerns about the Constitution

included a concern that it did not specifically enumerate protected civil liberties.

To decrease sample error, a pollster must __________ the number of respondents.

increase

The United Nations is an example of what kind of organization or government?

intergovernmental

The Commerce Clause of Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution allows Congress broad regulatory power over

interstate commerce.

Providing many groups access to government in order to prevent authoritarianism

is the central tenet of modern pluralism.

A two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress as the first step for constitutional amendments

is the most common path for the successful amendments.

The Supreme Court ruling in United States v. Lopez is important because

it was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress under the Commerce Clause.

Which branch of government has played the most important role in interpreting how the meaning of the Constitution has changed over time?

judicial

Which branch received the least attention in the Constitution and only gained its most important check over the other branches in the 1800s?

judicial

If someone printed a leaflet urging Americans to resist the military draft, this would violate which free speech test(s)?

just the clear and present danger test

Sasha is asked on a survey about her views on banking reform by the government, a topic that she has not thought about very often. Sasha answers that she is in favor of it. What is her answer an example of?

latent opinion

What is the proper term for an opinion constructed on the spot?

latent political judgment

When the government increases spending, it is generally preceded by a policy mood that is

leaning liberal.

The Supreme Court uses the __________ test to determine whether a practice violates the First Amendment's establishment clause.

lemon

Leia often votes Democratic. She is in favor of government programs to help the needy and she is pro-choice. Which ideology does Leia most likely exemplify?

liberal

Which of the following is most likely to stay consistent over a person's lifetime?

liberal-conservative ideology

Separation of powers and federalism were important parts of the solution for what tension faced by the Founders?

majority rule versus minority rights

Select ALL of the following scenarios that are examples of coercive federalism.

mandating that states test schoolchildren as part of the No Child Left Behind Act the federal government requiring states to set the legal drinking age at 21 before they can receive highway funding

Which term best describes the federalism arrangement of the late 1930s?

marble cake federalism

Which term indicates the view that newcomers to America should leave their native languages and cultures behind?

melting pot

Generally, Americans tend to be moderate on __________ issues.

most

Face-to-face interviews are the __________ sampling technique.

most expensive

In a unitary government, which level of government holds ultimate authority?

national

Dual federalism is a form of federalism in which

national and state governments are seen as distinctive entities providing separate services.

What do we call the principal or main body in each party organization in America?

national committee

The central tensions at the Constitutional Convention included debates between

national power versus states' rights.

The modern Republican Party's support base is a combination of white evangelical, southern, and white male voters (though it draws support outside that base as well). The Democratic Party's support base is a combination of northeasterners, college graduates, African Americans, and female voters (though it, too, draws support outside that base). These are examples of what?

party coalitions

A __________ is a set of promises explaining what the party's candidates will do if elected.

party platform

From 1897 until 1932 one of the major parties—the Republicans—won most presidential elections, while the other major party—the Democrats—won when the Republicans were divided. The major issues of the time were industrialization and immigration. The Republicans had the support of business, while the Democrats relied on urban immigrants and southern whites. This description is an example of a

party system

What did the Separate but Equal doctrine do?

permitted a system of segregated social facilities

In the area of education policy, the local, state, and national governments all share responsibility for setting policy and carrying it out. Most officials in the education area, though, do not really interact with local, state, and national government officials who work in the areas of agriculture or health care. This is an example of what kind of federalism?

picket fence

When we want to know the level of public support for expanding the government's role in society, what do we measure?

policy mood

Generally the public looks to __________ who agree with them when they look for political information.

political actors

Which of the following is an organization that runs candidates for office and coordinates the actions of affiliated elected officials?

political party

Which is the process, often shaped by other people and the surrounding culture, by which a person forms political opinions?

political socialization

What did Aristotle call a "government ruled by the many"?

polity

When Congress holds a hearing about the way the National Security Agency is spending its money, this is an example of it using which power?

power of the purse

Imagine that you are the editor at a major daily newspaper. The government finds out that you are about to run a story detailing sensitive government information so it sues you to prevent you from publishing it. Which of the following is the government attempting to engage in?

prior restraint

What did Madison argue was the best way to prevent the tyranny of factions?

provide lots of groups with access to the government

Which of the following terms best matches this definition - citizens' views on politics and government and on what government is and should be doing?

public opinion

A president who attempts to shape public opinion will generally

publicize opinions that people already hold.

Choose all of the following beneficial things that parties do for democracy according to the textbook.

recruit good candidates for office provide accountability Coordinate their actions once in office

The ability of parties to ensure that those who run for office do so effectively and that those who win responsibly uphold their elective positions most clearly demonstrates which benefit of political parties?

recruiting good candidates

Which of the following did Thomas Paine's Common Sense advocate?

republicanism

Roe v. Wade was based on which constitutional civil liberty?

right to privacy

The Full Faith and Credit Clause has been used recently in the discussion of

same-sex marriage.

Because it would be impossible to ask all 300 million people living in the United States their opinion, we instead collect a(n) __________ when doing surveys.

sample

In which of the following situations will evidence from a warrantless search be permissible in court?

searching school lockers for stolen property if the police have probable cause

Under a system of dual federalism, the national and state governments are

seen as distinct entities providing separate services.

Miranda rights advise an individual of the Fifth Amendment's protection from

self-incrimination.

The president gets to appoint important members of the bureaucracy, but the Senate has to confirm those appointments before they go into place. This is an example of which type of power?

shared

Duverger's law states that in a democracy with __________, only two parties' candidates will have a realistic chance of winning political office.

single-member districts and plurality voting

The Three-Fifths Compromise was most directly related to which tension faced by those present at the Constitutional Convention?

slave states versus nonslave states

The Second Party System ultimately split over the issue of

slavery.

A pollster will ask a question indirectly in an attempt to avoid __________ in respondents' answers.

social desirability

Choose all of the following statements that provide examples of a free rider.

someone who does not do his or her share of a group assignment because everyone will get the same grade. someone who believes in an interest group's cause but does nothing to actively support it because he or she knows others are actively supporting it.

The __________ is one in which individuals who work for the winning party are rewarded with benefits such as jobs in government.

spoils system

Current research on party identification shows that party identification is

stable but occasionally changes when circumstances warrant.

We often say that the states are laboratories of democracy. They allow us to experiment with policies on a local level that might later be adopted by the national government. This is an argument in favor of which branch of government growing larger?

states

States' sovereign immunity refers to the fact that

states cannot be sued in federal court.

In recent years, traditional positions on federalism have changed somewhat, with liberals arguing for __________ and conservatives arguing for __________ on the issues like medicinal marijuana and gay marriage.

states' rights; strong national power

In a spoils system,

supporters of the winning party are rewarded.

In the U.S. Constitution, where are civil liberties most directly addressed?

the Bill of Rights and the due process protection of the Fourteenth Amendment

McCulloch v. Maryland is an important case because

the Supreme Court interpreted the implied powers of Congress broadly, creating the potential for increased national powers.

Which of the following statements best defines selective incorporation?

the Supreme Court's use of the Fourteenth Amendment to apply civil liberties in the Bill of Rights to the states on a case-by-case basis

Each of the following is a reason for the expansion of federal power except

the Tenth Amendment.

In what ways does the Constitution support a stronger national government? Choose ALL of the following that apply.

the fact that the preamble of the Constitution begins with "We the People of the United States" the Necessary and Proper Clause

What document is the legal foundation for the civil liberties of American citizens?

the first 10 amendments of the Constitution

American economic identity tends to center on __________ and __________.

the free market; economic individualism

Scholars describe parties as organizations that are composed of all but which of the following separate and largely independent parts?

the party in media

Which of the following factors do scholars believe has the greatest effect on a young person's ideology and partisan identification while growing up?

the person's parents

The right to nominate judges is within the powers of

the president.

What finally convinced large states such as New York and Virginia to ratify the new Constitution?

the promise of the addition of a Bill of Rights

What is an example of concurrent powers?

the responsibility of both the national and state governments to charter banks and corporations

According to Duverger's Law, if we want to know how many major political parties a country will have, what should we look at?

the rules for determining how many votes are needed to win an election, along with other electoral rules

Which of the following was NOT an area of tension among those attending the Constitutional Convention in 1787?

those who wanted to amend the Articles versus those who wanted to replace them

How are executives chosen in most other established democracies?

through selection by the legislature

Provided the regulation is content neutral, what types of regulation of an assembly do courts allow government to take?

time, place, and manner

Block grants consist of federal aid to state or local governments that is

to be spent within a specified policy area, though the receiving state or local government can decide how to spend the funds within that area.

Why did the Founders incorporate separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism into the structure of American government?

to counter the effects of powerful factions

What is the purpose of the Tenth Amendment?

to limit the powers of the central government by establishing reserved powers for states and individuals

What are the two broad purposes of all forms of government?

to provide order and promote the general welfare

Which of the following best describes the structure of the legislature under the Articles of Confederation?

unicameral, with each state having one vote

What do we call a situation in which one party controls the presidency, the Senate, and the House of Representatives?

unified government

The vast majority of countries in the world today have which system of government?

unitary

What does the Fourth Amendment provides protection from?

unreasonable searches and seizures

Controlling the negative impact of factions

was the central goal of governments according to Madison in Federalist 10.

The Federalist Papers

were advocacy pieces meant to sway public opinion.