Government, Unit 4

4) Why have third parties emerged throughout the different periods in American history?

to bring attention to important issues that the major political parties would not address

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What issue is most prominent in the current immigration debate?

whether or not immigrants should be allowed to receive governmental services

6) Select FOUR responsibilities of national committees.

write the parties' platforms campaign for candidates plot election strategies coordinate fundraising

4) Why are individuals with a strong sense of political efficacy more likely to vote than those lacking such a sense?

(not edited) A person who believes that one's actions can make a difference in government is more likely to take action.

Match the reform movements with the descriptions. 1. right to vote 2. a separation into different groups 3. taxation without representation 4.weakened discrimination against minority groups and brought about desegregation 5. improvement of working conditions 6. conscientious objections to morality of war 7. freedom for individuals and equality of man

(not edited) 1. Womens suffrage 2. segregation 3. american revolution 4. abolition of slavery 5. labour laws and unions 6. antiwar 7. civil rights

Match the descriptions with the words. Answers will be used more than once. 1. attend school 2. work to provide one's own basic needs 3. stay informed on public issues 4. hold the government accountable 5. obey they law 6. vote to influence policy

(not edited) 1. civic duties 2. personal responsibilities 3. civic responsibilities 4. civic responsibilities 5. civic duties 6. civic responsibilities

A ____ is a requirement that one must fulfill.

(not edited) Civic duty

A ____ is something that one should do, but is not required to fulfill.

(not edited) Civic responsibility

2) Why does a high or low voter turnout not always ensure a legitimate election? Select THREE reasons.

(not edited) If the turnout is too low, then blocs of discontinued voters may have boycotted the election If the turnout is too low, then the election results do not reflect the will of the people If the turnout is too high, then there is the appearance of corruption

6) According to the chart, why is the Reading system effective?

(not edited) It engages in personal, face-to-face interaction with voters to remind them of their civic responsibility.

3) Which statement is NOT a requirement when registering to vote?

(not edited) One must sign a statement of understanding with recognized political party

What are two responsibilities that government has to society?

(not edited) Protect individual rights Promote the well-being of society

Select the best. answer

(not edited) The Purposes of Civil Disobedience

1) Select TWO reasons why there is not an accurate record of the number of eligible voters in the United States

(not edited) The United States does not have compulsory registration and voting laws like other democratic countries An accurate count depends on whether individuals register or not

Why do conflicts occur between the interests of individuals and society?

(not edited) There are issues that cause conflict between the self-interest of the individual and the common good.

Select TWO facts about personal responsibilities

(not edited) They originate in natural rights—the right to life and liberty—that have existed long before government Each individual takes ownership of his own self, family, and community.

7) Select TWO reasons why registration and voting laws might discourage voter turnout.

(not edited) Voter ID laws may discourage potential voters who do not have ready access to photo identification. Registration laws can be complex, and fulfilling them can be time-consuming.

5) Select TWO reasons why "get-out-the-vote" drives are effective in mobilizing voters

(not edited) Voters are reminded of their civic responsibility to vote The political party focuses getting its supporters out to vote

10) Sarah Palin and Hillary Clinton contributed to breaking the ____ keeping women from running for the nation's highest office.

(not edited) glass ceiling

11) Select TWO requirements for a citizen who wishes to run for a public office.

(not edited) must meet minimum age and residency requirements must register with appropriate government office and pay required fees

9) Voters who cannot make it to a polling station may ____.

(not edited) request an absentee ballot in advance

Match the descriptions with the words. Answers will be used more than once. 1.take ownership of one's self, family, and community 2. volunteer for public service 3. pay taxes 4.defend the nation by serving in the military 5. respect the rights of others 6. serve in court on juries 7. contribute to the common good

(not edited) 1. personal responsibilities 2. civic responsibilities 3. civic duties 4. civic duties 5. personal responsibilities 6. civic duties 7. civic responsibilities

8) The belief that one can make a difference in government is referred to as ____.

(not edited) political efficacy

Match the statements with the government ideologies. 1. Government intervenes widely in an attempt to ensure equal results, not equal opportunities. 2.Under the control of a single faction, political organization, or class domination, the state has no limits to its authority 3.The individual experiences autonomy from government interference, which provides unrestricted opportunity and liberty. 4.A strong central government supporting a nationalistic ideology is organized as a police state with a strong military under a dictator. 5. Broad government intervention works to achieve equal results and to maintain an ordered liberty. 6.Private ownership is abolished, and all factors of production are placed under central control within a classless society.

1. Socialism 2. Totalitarianism 3. Libertarianism 4. Facism 5. Populism 6.Communism

Match the descriptions to the words 1. professing to work for what is best rather than for a particular party 2.the beliefs that guide an individual or group 3. members of different parties working together on a specific issue 4. basing support on one's party affiliation regardless of other circumstances 5. a statement of the values and goals of a political party 6. a situation in which there is no movement in any direction

1. nonpartisan 2. ideology 3.bipartisan 4. Partisan 5. platform 6. gridlock

Match the descriptions with the words 1. does not accept contributions that exceed $5,000 but allows groups to actively support chosen candidates 2. writes a party's platform, plots election strategies, coordinates fundraising, and campaigns for candidates 3. American Association of Retired Persons 4.came about as a result of an election in which members of different parties were elected President and vice president 5. works to elect party members to state offices 6. allow people with like-minded beliefs to participate in politics by nominating and supporting candidates

1. political action committee 2. national committee 3. public interest groups 4. the twelfth amendment 5. state party organization 6. political parties

Match the political ideologies with the letters on the spectrum.

A. Libertarianism B. Populism C. Conservatism D. Liberalism

5) _________ practiced by members from differing political parties who agree to work together on specific issues or positions _________ the set of beliefs that guide individuals or groups _________ varied and diverse _________ practiced by those who profess to work for what they feel is best and do not declare a party affiliation _________ practiced by those who support a party's policies without any consideration of other ideologies _________ a political party's statement of goals and values _________ voters

Bipartisan politics Ideology Heterogenous Nonpartisan politics Partisan politics Platform Electorate

____ believe that unhindered free-enterprise economic markets and individual enterprise can solve economic and social problems such as poverty.

Conservatives

The American ______ is the belief that all Americans have the opportunity to achieve a better and happier life, if they are willing to work for it.

Dream

5) How are immigration problems different today from problems that existed early in the history of the nation?

Early immigrants typically enjoyed opportunities of equality in life. Today, illegal immigration is an issue raising the question of whether or not immigrants should be allowed to receive governmental services.

6) Select TWO examples of how schools influence the political socialization process.

Education tells individuals that they can make a difference in the government. National identity is taught in the early grades through political symbols and mock elections.

______ are organized around a common interest, represent a base of membership, and cannot nominate political candidates.

Interest groups

1) Select TWO ways interest groups differ from political parties.

Interest groups are organized around a common issue. Interest group membership is limited.

1) Select THREE reasons why public opinion is a key component of a representative democracy.

It allows for freedom of expression of differing viewpoints. It allows for voluntary participation in the government process. It shapes the policies that lawmakers support or oppose.

How does a political party fulfill its function as an informer and stimulator of interest?

It educates the public about important issues and encourages citizens to vote.

6) Select TWO facts about populism.

It is justifiable to use government power to promote order and equality at the expense of personal freedoms. It demands broad government intervention to achieve equal results and to maintain an ordered liberty.

11) How does the national party organization benefit the state organization?

It provides financial support in helping state organizations to fund potential candidates' campaigns for elected office.

3) Both conservatism and liberalism have their roots grounded in the social contract theory of ____, who believed that human nature allows men to be selfish

John Locke

The roots of both conservatism and liberalism find a basis in the social contract theory of ____ that teaches that human nature results in selfishness that government must address to some degree.

John Locke

2) Select THREE reasons why Americans should be knowledgeable about political issues.

Knowledgeable Americans receive more political gains from the government. Knowledgeable Americans will more likely earn higher salaries. Knowledgeable Americans are more active in the political process.

2) Select THREE ways a two-party system reflects a democratic society.

Political parties convert public opinion into public policy by representing the voters' political beliefs. Political parties link the people to the government by giving people a voice. People have an opportunity to participate in the direction of the government and its policies.

Which paragraph best describes the two-party system and its political organization in the United States

Political parties have evolved into loosely organized groups whose goal is to influence governmental policy by electing officials to office. The parties are large and compete for members; therefore, they shy away from controversial issues that might alienate voters from the party. Each level of organization is independent of the others.

The _____ Party won the majority of presidential elections between 1860 and 1932.

Republican

Conservative ideology is considered to be ______ of center.

Right

4) Select THREE ways third parties influence elections.

They encourage voter turnout at the polls. They provide a venue for dissatisfied voters to vote against "politics as usual." They bring attention to issues that majority parties may not want to address.

The Farmers Market Coalition is an example of a(n) ___ interest group.

agricultural economic

14) __________ The head of government reports to the legislative branch. __________ Political parties are highly organized, and officials are elected based on party platform. __________ Controversial social issues are personal matters. __________ The chief executive may call for elections at any time; the legislature may hold a vote of confidence regarding the chief executive. __________ Checks and balances separate the legislative and executive branches. __________ The framers preferred this system to prevent abuses of power.

parliamentary form of government parliamentary form of government presidential form of government parliamentary form of government presidential form of government presidential form of government

Alexis de Tocqueville found America "_____ in nature" because common people could compete with the elite in politics and capitalism.

peculiar

2) What are the differences the early citizenry had to overcome to develop a political culture that sustained democracy?

political ideology differences religious differences ethnic differences territorial concerns

Checks and balances separate and limit the power of the executive and legislative branches in a(n) _____ form of government.

presidential

7) _________ This party system developed as a result of a division in the one-party rule by the Democratic-Republicans. _________ Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal expanding government power established Democratic dominance for decades. _________ This system developed as a result of two factions that were left over from the ratification of the Constitution. _________ This system began around the time of Abraham Lincoln's election. The parties were defined by geographical or regional beliefs, with the South being primarily Democratic and the North being primarily Republican. _________ In this system, the Republican Party became the majority party because of its strong support for a gold standard. _________ this system developing during the Reagan administration experienced a dealignment of voter loyalty to parties rather than realignment.

second party system (1828 - 1856) fifth party system (1932 - 1980) first party system (1796 - 1824) third party system (1860 - 1892) fourth party system (1896 - 1928) sixth party system (1980- present)

Which statement is NOT a reason why Americans should be knowledgeable about political issues?

to guarantee one's financial success

dubious

uncertain, doubtful, or untrustworthy

3) Select THREE grassroots strategies most typically used by interest groups to get their members to pressure policymakers.

urging members to contact policymakers before an important vote or to start petition drives using mass mail-outs and telephone calls to rally public support for the group's cause organizing demonstrations and protests to get media attention or endorse candidates

Which statement is NOT a strategy used by interest groups to pressure policymakers?

using litigation to personally sue individual policymakers

heterogenous

varied and diverse

chagrin

vexation

electorate

voters

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12) Choose the letter in each row that would most likely represent a characteristic of a person who would vote. 1. A. Masters degree B. a GED C. high school dropout 2. A. 15,000 income B. 32,000 income C. 65,000 income 3. A. truck driver B. Dentist C. fast-food worker 4. A. a Democrat B. an independent C. a volunteer 5. A. a 30 year-old man B. senior citizen C. 18 year-old woman 6. A. men B. women C. about the same

(not edited) 1. A 2. B or C 3. B 4. A 5. C or A 6. C

1) What are FOUR paradoxes on which political culture was formed?

A diverse population can unite behind broad-based principles for their governance. Differences in beliefs can strengthen democracy. There can be concern for the individual and the greater society as well. Unity can come from diversity.

8) Match the letters on the spectrum with the political ideologies.

B. Liberal D. Reactionary C. Conservative A. Radical

Frenchman _____ feared that Americans would come to value equality more than freedom.

Alexis de Tocqueville

11) _________ School lunches should include more cheese and milk. _________ More should be done to protect the nation's wilderness areas. _________ The federal government should provide more low-interest loans to small businesses. _________ Drug costs and healthcare must be made affordable for all people, especially for the elderly and the young. _________ Speed limits should be raised to 75 miles per hour nationwide. _________ Workers should not be fired if they are involved in any strike. _________ Teachers should be allowed to retire with full benefits after 30 years of teaching. _________ Employment programs should be expanded for military veterans.

Associated Milk Producers National Wildlife Federation Chamber of Commerce American Association of American Trucking Association American Federation of Law National Education Association American Legion

7) Which statement best represents the American Dream?

Citizens of every rank have the opportunity to work hard and achieve a better and happier life.

_______ focus on ordered liberty and emphasize opportunity over government efforts to ensure equality.

Conservatives

9) Match the letters on the spectrum with the statements and political ideologies. Answers will be used more than once.

D. (conservatism) Jose opposes government intervention that he believes decreases economic opportunities rather than helps those in need. He also believes that society benefits when government sets limits on human behavior. C. libertarianism B. (populism) Sean believes the government should take strong measures to ensure everyone enjoys the same economic benefits, even if personal freedoms are sacrificed. A. Liberalism C. (libertarianism) Samantha believes that government should only do what is absolutely necessary and stop trying to guide people's moral behavior. B. Populism A. (liberalism) Carey is convinced that his political party should encourage the government to intervene to seek equality for all citizens while protecting personal freedoms. D. Conservatism

Match the letters on the spectrum with the political ideologies.

D. Liberal B. Reactionary C. Radical

The ______ Party's leadership during the Great Depression led to a half-century of political dominance.

Democratic

8) Choose if the statements describes the Democratic Party or the Republican Party. _________ once called the Jeffersonian, Anti-Federalist, or Democractic-Republican Party _________ tends to have Southerners, Catholics, and conservatives as constituents _________ dominated presidential elections between 1828 and 1860 _________ won the majority of presidential elections between 1860 and 1932 _________ party of Herbert Hoover _________ platform against slavery before the Civil War _________ maintained a half century of political domination beginning during the Great Depression _________ has attracted new voters, young people, and women in recent elections _________ supported bimetallism _________ regained the Presidency due to national unrest and rioting, coupled with the opposing party's rising involvement in the unpopular Vietnam War

Democratic party Republican party Democratic party Republican Party Republican Party Republican Party Democratic Party Democratic Party Democratic Party Republican Party

The ____ Party was also known as the Jeffersonian Party.

Democratic-Republican

_____ groups are business, agricultural, or professional special interest groups.

Economic

2) Conservatives and liberals share no common beliefs.

False

Which factor likely has the greatest impact on one's political socialization process?

Family

5) Select TWO examples of how friends and social groups influence the political socialization process.

Friends' opinions may be valued but do not have great influence on political views. Social groups, especially religious groups, influence the formation of political views more than friends.

4) The best title for the above diagram would be ______. increases the public's awareness of various causes serves as a check and balance of the political process represents the interests of a specific segment of society

Functions of Interest Groups in Democracy

5) The GOP—Republican Party—is an abbreviation for _____.

Grand Old Party

______ campaigns seek to pressure policymakers by rallying members and nonmembers to contact policymakers and to protest.

Grassroots

Select the best answer

Ideology

American diversity is united through equality and ______.

Individualism

_____ feel that liberty is best protected when government stays out of matters involving moral or personal values.

Liberals

______ advocate government intervention for social issues, such as environmental protection, healthcare, childcare, and greater government oversight of education.

Liberals

5) Select TWO facts about libertarianism.

Libertarians would limit government to essential and necessary functions. This ideology seeks to protect the autonomy of the individual from government interference by providing unrestricted opportunity and liberty.

1) _________ propose a candidate for office _________ organize rallies, conventions, and media events _________ oppose policies and behavior of party in power _________ campaign for candidates _________ educate the public on important issues _________ recruit nominees to run for public office _________ hold elected officials accountable to the people they represent _________ connect the people with their elected leaders _________ pressure lawmakers to support party platform

Nominating Function Informer and Stimulator of Interest Overseer of Public's Business Informer and Stimulator of Interest Informer and Stimulator of Interest Nominating Function Overseer of Public's Business Government Function Overseer of public's Business

6) Select TWO facts about political action committees.

PAC contributions cannot exceed $5,000 per election to any candidate seeking federal office. Corporate and trade association PACs usually ignore party lines, opting to back candidates who are likely to win and who will support their views.

4) Select TWO examples of how parents influence the political socialization process.

Parents provide the first messages about authority, order, trust, tolerance, cooperation, and obedience. Parents teach their children about politics through subtle messages and casual remarks.

One's ______ status in society is based on many economic and social factors.

Socioeconomic

5) Why would interest groups use grassroots methods to influence policymakers?

Such methods get officials to take notice of an issue.

Which statement is NOT a reason public opinion is important in a democratic republic?

The Constitution requires legislative decisions to pass the Public Opinion Test.

2) What led to the creation of the second party system?

The Democratic-Republican Party split into rival factions: the National Republicans, led by John Quincy Adams, and the Democratic-Republicans, led by Andrew Jackson.

10) Which of the following would be the best title for the chart? - Independent - Fragmented by occasional internal strife - Decentralized - No hierarchy

The Limitations of Political Parties

1) What was a consequence of the first contested presidential election resulting in a President from the Federalist Party and a vice president from the Democratic-Republican Party?

The Twelfth Amendment was passed, providing separate balloting for the offices of President and vice president.

6) Select THREE reasons Tocqueville thought American politics was "peculiar in nature."

The diversity in America contributed to common core values accepted by all Americans. A common man with a strong work ethic could participate in capitalism as readily as the elite. Immigrants could quickly become landowners when they came to America.

Another name for the Republican Party is ____.

The grand old party

7) Select TWO examples of how the media influences the political socialization process.

The media feeds both the politician and the public with information that may reflect or shape public policies. The media provides a constant stream of political thought that gives information to the general public.

6) Select THREE ways early party systems contributed to the evolution of political parties that exist today.

They held elected officials accountable to their constituents. They defined the role of government in setting public policy. They allowed differences of opinion over various issues to be resolved.

12) How might interest groups such as the National Rifle Association or Sierra Club influence politics?

They promise politicians that by supporting their position, the politicians can attract voters to the party.

The ____ party system began around the time of the Civil War when party affiliations were defined by geographical or regional beliefs.

Third

_____ parties typically form to bring attention to issues that major parties have overlooked.

Third

4) What did Tocqueville mean when he stated, "Democratic peoples want equality in freedom, and if they cannot have that, they still want equality in slavery"?

Tocqueville feared that the desire to be equal was of more importance to the American people than freedom.

3) What is the legacy of the second party system?

Today's Republican and Democratic parties formed during this period.

realignment

a change of identification within an existing political structure

bimetallism

a currency system that accepts both gold and silver as legal tender

Stereotype

a generalized image of something; a common conception

grassroots campaign

a political movement beginning at the local level where many volunteers give their time to support the local party, which can lead to helping the national party

platform

a political party's statement of goals and values

magnate

a powerful and influential person

dealignment

a removal of identification with a particular group

gridlock

a situation in which something cannot move in any direction

3) According to the Lesson, select THREE typical reasons why a voter may choose to affiliate with a particular party.

based on one's educational level based on one's income level based on one's work environment

The National Restaurant Association is an example of a(n) ___ interest group.

business economic

2) Select THREE inside strategies most typically used by lobbyists to influence lawmakers.

can assist in writing legislation can testify before legislative hearings as an expert witness on particular issues can meet personally with the lawmaker

1) ________ focuses on ordered liberty and emphasizes opportunity over government efforts to ensure equality ________ holds that unhindered free-enterprise economic markets and individual enterprise can solve economic and social problems such as poverty ________ is considered to be left of center ________ believes liberty is best maintained when government stays out of matters involving personal or moral values ________ views government as a necessary evil that has the responsibility to ensure ordered liberty ________ is interested in guaranteeing equal outcomes for all people ________ advocates intervention in social issues, such as environmental protection, healthcare, childcare, and greater government oversight of education ________ is considered to be right of center

conservatism conservatism liberalism liberalism conservatism liberalism liberalism conservatism

Paradox

contradiction

The most recent party system experienced a(n) _____ of voter party loyalty.

dealignment

9) _________ a removal of identification with a particular group _________ a powerful and influential person _________ a change of identification of individuals into like-minded groups _________ a situation in which something cannot move in any direction _________ a currency system that accepts both gold and silver as legal tender _________ to be nominated for an office one currently holds

dealignment magnate realignment gridlock bimetallism renomination

8) _____ groups are divided into business, professional, and agricultural groups.

economic

9) The goal of state party organizations is too ___________.

elect candidates to state offices

3) In order for Americans to be united, their diversity must unite around which two themes?

equality and freedom from discrimination

8) The strongest influence on one's political party affiliation is __________.

family

A(n) _______ is a small group of people who are well-informed about politics.

issue public

Liberal ideology is considered to be ______ of center.

left

7) Special interest groups sometimes use ___ through test cases that challenge the constitutionality of existing laws.

litigation

13) Organizing fundraising events, contributing money, and publicizing candidates through press releases, telephone campaigns, and campaign literature typically take place at the _____ level.

local

4) What Americans consider as moderate would be ____ on the British political spectrum.

much further to the right

Disdain

o despise

9) The proliferation of information available ____ has helped people to think about and express their political views by giving them more ways to share their views with others.

on the internet

Which statement does NOT describe a factor that might influence which party a voter chooses to affiliate with?

one's place of birth

3) Select THREE errors that could reduce the validity of polls.

opinions that shift quickly concerning major issues an inadequate sample size respondents who do not tell the truth about their beliefs and attitudes

disproportionate

out of proportion

In the ______ form of government, the chief executive reports to the legislative branch but may call for elections to replace legislators.

parliamentary

skew

slant or distort

Special interest groups that seek group goals rather than profit are _____ interest groups.

public

10) _____ organizations seek policy changes that do not result in profits for the organization but meet group goals.

public interest

9) _____ groups bring local and state issues before Congress.

public interest

14) ________ National Parent Teacher Association ________ National Conference of Mayors ________ National Association of Manufacturer ________ The Christian Coalition ________ American Farm Bureau Federation

public interest group government interest group business economic interest group religious interest group agricultural economic interest groups

proliferation

rapid growth

socioeconomic

relating to social and economic factors that define one's status in society

11) _____ groups attempt to influence policymakers to protect freedom of religion and support moral causes.

religious

The _______ error of a poll is based on margin of error and level of confidence.

sampling

The _____ party system formed when the Democratic-Republican Party split in the late 1820s

second

renomination

to be nominated for an office one currently holds

7) ________ implements widespread government intervention in an attempt to ensure equal results, not equal opportunities ________ a nationalistic ideology that favors a strong central government—typically a dictatorship—organized as a police state with a strong military ________ abolishes private ownership and places all factors of production under central control within a classless society ________ regulates every aspect of public and private life through the control of a single political organization, faction, or class domination with no limit to its authority

socialism fascism communism totalitarianism

10) _________ relating to economic and social factors that define one's status in society _________ slant or distort _________ uncertain or untrustworthy _________ measured by margin of error and confidence level _________ rapid growth _________ out of proportion _________ small group of people who are well-informed about political matters

socioeconomic skew dubious sampling error proliferation disproportionate issue public

8) Select the TWO people/groups that direct state party organizations.

state chairperson central committee

Which answer is NOT a possible error that could influence the accuracy of a poll?

the age and gender of the poll taker

7) Select the FOUR organizational elements of national parties.

the national chairperson congressional campaign committees the national committee the national convention

ideology

the set of beliefs that guide individuals or groups

scrutinize

to analyze