GOVT 2305 Ch 1-5 Review

Based on 2012 data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the United States is home to as many as __________ local governments of different sorts.

90,000

Conflicts related to power-sharing between states and the national government are settled by

the supreme court.

Problems with establishing democracy in Iraq are, according to the text, chiefly a function of the fact that

"There is no meaningful Iraqi identity."

A typical Gallup national poll surveys approximately _______ individuals.

1,500

The American Revolution effectively ended with the surrender of Cornwallis and his army at Yorktown in

1781

In a 2014 Gallup poll, _____ percent of Americans supported affording gay marriage the same legal status as traditional marriage.

54

A confederation can best be described as

A confederation can best be described as

Which metaphor best describes cooperative federalism?

A marble cake

According to the text, which of the following is not a characteristic of public opinion?

Citizens are typically unwilling to offer opinions on matters outside their experience, even when asked by pollsters.

Which amendment does the text categorize as "disastrous"?

Eighteenth Amendment

The _________ Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

Fourth

Which of the following statements reflects the role public opinion should play according to the majoritarian model of democracy?

Government should do what a majority of the public wants

In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson's statement that "all men are created equal" is similar to which theorist's belief that government is based on the "consent of the governed"?

John Locke

Which of the following philosophers is usually associated with socialism?

Karl Marx

The Federalist Papers were drafted by

Madison, Hamilton, and Jay

"Let the end be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the constitution, and all means which are appropriate" is part of the broad Supreme Court interpretation of the elastic clause in the case of

McCulloch v. Maryland.

Which of the following is not one of the political principles relied on by the founders

One person, one vote

Two nations with deep ties to the principle of communism that have moved in the direction of more private property are

Russia and China.

Democratic governments that have in the decades since World War II been, at times, avowedly socialist include

Sweden and Germany

An example of a government policy that promotes social equality without redistributing income is

Vermont's civil unions.

National sovereignty is defined as

a political entity's externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs.

Federal government support for the Common Core was

a problem because it created an appearance that the standards threatened state authority.

Thomas Hobbes's ideal form of government was

a single ruler with unquestioned authority.

Real ID, a federally mandated program that imposes security standards for states to issue driver's licenses, is an example of

an unfunded mandate.

A polling company surveying public opinion on Obama's health-care plan finds public opinion to be almost evenly divided, for and against. The graph of such a distribution would be characterized as

bimodal

Suppose Congress funds elementary education by giving states a grant. The states may then designate the specific educational programs to receive the funds. This is an example of a _________ grant.

block

Children are likely to adopt their parents' party identification when

both parents strongly identify with the same party.

The power of the president to veto laws is an example of

checks and balances.

Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of

checks and balances.

According to the self-interest principle, people tend to

choose what benefits them personally.

In McCulloch v. Maryland, Chief Justice Marshall employed the principle of

cooperative federalism.

The use of highway construction funds has been an effective means to promote

cooperative federalism.

If universities increase funding for women's sports so that they receive comparable funding to men's, that is an example of

equality of outcome.

The major agents of early socialization in the United States are

family, school, community, and peers.

After the failure of the Articles of Confederation, the founders adopted a ________ form of government, strong enough to maintain order but not to dominate the states.

federal

Since surveying the American public about ideology began, the ideological distribution of the public has become

five percentage points.

Unless they are impeached, federal judges serve

for life.

The Constitution did not give Congress the authority to establish the Internal Revenue Service. Congress did so, however, to implement its power to "lay and collect taxes." This is an example of the use of a(n) _________ power.

implied

Today, college students are much more __________ than the general public

liberal

According to your text, the difference between libertarianism and John Locke-inspired liberalism is

libertarianism puts a greater emphasis on individual freedom.

The most frequent response (such as "I favor") in a public opinion distribution is known as the

mode

The text of the Constitution deals with slavery by

not mentioning it directly.

An estimated _________ American colonists remained loyal to the British Crown.

one in five

When elementary schools introduce students to authority figures outside the family, like the teacher, they prepare students for the value of _________; when they stress norms of democratic decision making and respecting the opinions of others, they teach _________.

order; equality

As students move from elementary school to high school, their political socialization tends to transition from knowledge of ________ to development of _________.

patriotic ritual; good citizenship

According to John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action not specified in the Constitution if that action is

plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate constitutional end.

A citizen, interest group member, or public official who champions a particular policy idea is called a

policy entrepreneur.

Federal government decision-making tends to be dominated by

political and policy goals.

The set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called

political ideology.

The process whereby one becomes aware of politics, learns political facts, and forms political values is called

political socialization.

The power of Congress to enact laws by which the national government assumes complete or partial responsibility for a state government function is known as

preemption.

The extent to which any socializing agent is influential depends on

prolonged exposure to and good communication with the agent, as well as being receptive.

A republic is a government

resting on the consent of the governed through their representatives.

The Printz v. United States decision was held to violate the constitutional principle of ___________ by transferring the president's executive authority to local sheriffs.

separation of powers

When sampled, the public strongly favors the death penalty for certain crimes. The graph of such a distribution would be characterized as

skewed.

A person who favors government ownership of some basic industries and a strong government role in directing the economy would best be labeled a

socialist.

The Daughters of Liberty opposed British rule by

spinning their own cloth and using colonial products rather than buying imported British products.

A distribution of opinions that shows little change over time is a

stable

Today, the mass media conduct most polls by

telephone.

The Bill of Rights consists of the first __________ amendments to the Constitution.

ten

The national government can act on individuals if

the action is based on a constitutionally delegated power.

One result of the Second Continental Congress was

the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.

The original procedure for selecting the vice president, under the electoral college, was

the candidate with the next-greatest number of votes would become vice president.

Historian Jack Rakove argues that in the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson was arguing for

the collective right of revolution and self-government

Historian Jack Rakove argues that in the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson was arguing for

the collective right of revolution and self-government.

Pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest when

the community is homogeneous

Antifederalists attacked the proposed Constitution on the grounds that

the national government it created was too strong

Public opinion polls can be criticized on the grounds that

the way a pollster words a question can determine the answer.

The general conclusion of the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez was that

there are limits to the national government's ability to regulate behavior based on the commerce clause.

An underlying assumption of the text is that perfect freedom and order can never be achieved because

these two values are inherently in conflict and cannot be provided simultaneously.

The goal of the statistical theory of sampling is

to reflect the views of the population with some predictable degree of accuracy.

The basic premise of federalism is that

two or more governments share power and authority over the same land and people.

According to Madison in Federalist No.10, the most common and durable source of factions has been

unequal distribution of property.

Compared to citizens in other nations, Americans are more likely to

value freedom of speech more than order.