GOVT 2305 Midterm

What percentage of the U.S. population identifies with "nothing in particular"? https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Participates/Infographics/WTP12_WP_Religion.jpg

17 percent

About 40 percent of all federal criminal statutes passed after the Civil War were enacted between

1970 and 1998.

Which constitutional amendment extended the right to vote for nearly all citizens over the age of 21?

19th

How many Senate seats did Virginia get under the Great Compromise?

2

What percentage of the U.S. population identifies as Catholic? https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Participates/Infographics/WTP12_WP_Religion.jpg

20 percent

What is the gun ownership rate in Nebraska? https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/By_The_Numbers_Images/WTP11_FIG04.01.jpg

20 percent or less

What is federal preemption?

National standards that require the federal government to take over areas of regulation formerly overseen by the states

Which clause is the source of implied powers under the U.S. Constitution?

Necessary and proper

Which of the following demonstrated the weakness of the Articles of Confederation, leading to the Constitutional Convention?

Shay's Rebellion

What type of tyranny did the Federalists fear the most?

Tyranny of the Majority

Which of the following states had the most influence in the House of Representatives? https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Are+Americans/Infographics/WTP12_WAA_Great+Compromise.jpg

Virginia

According to the 1790 Census, Virginia had nearly twice as many residents as Massachusetts. Yet Virginia only had two more representatives in Congress than Massachusettes. What does this tell us about the impact of the Three-Fifths Compromise?

Virginia had more slaves than Massachusettes

The protection of citizens from improper government action is the definition of

civil liberties.

Shay's Rebellion was significant because it

convinced many observers that the government of the Confederation had become dangerously inefficient and indecisive.

If you were a Supreme Court Justice hearing a case involving legality of the death penalty, the issue mostly likely at hand would be

cruel and unusual punishment.

The Three-Fifths Compromise

determined that three out of every five slaves would be counted for purposes of representation and taxation.

The process of amending the Constitution is _____________, leading to a _____________ proportion of proposed amendments succeeding.

difficult; very small

Federalism is best defined as a system of government

in which power is divided between a national government and lower-level governments.

Colonial protesters of the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act rallied around which slogan?

"No taxation without representation"

About how many people own a gun in Arkansas? A. About 1 in 10 people B. 1 in 5 people C. 1 in 3 people D. 1 in 2 people https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/By_The_Numbers_Images/WTP11_FIG04.01.jpg

1 in 2 people

In which of the following years was federal aid as a percentage of the federal budget as its highest? A. 1970 B. 1985 C. 2003 D. 2013 https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/By+the+Numbers/WTP12_BTN_Federal+Aid.jpg

2003

How many Senators were there in the first Congress?

26

Which constitutional amendment extended the right to vote for nearly all citizens over the age of 18?

26th

Although _____ delegates attended the Philadelphia convention in 1787, only _____ delegates ended up signing the newly drafted Constitution.

55; 39

What led British officials to raise taxes on the American colonists during the 1760s?

A deficit that was incurred as a result of the French and Indian War

What is an unfunded mandate?

A federal law that requires the states to do certain things but does not provide state governments with the funding to implement these policies.

The First Continental Congress was

A group of colonial delegates assembled in 1774 that called for a total boycott of all British goods.

Cooperative federalism is best defined as

A type of federalism existing since the New Deal era, in which grants-in-aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities to pursue nationally defined goals.

Which of the following groups was eligible to vote in national elections of 1869?

All men over the age of 21

Which racial demographic group had the largest wage gap between male and female workers? https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Are+Americans/Infographics/WTP12_WAA_Have+Women+Achieved+Equal+Rights.jpg

Asian American

Which type of grants provides the most control to state and local governments in this distribution of federal grants-in-aid?

Block

The Boston Tea Party was largely a response to the

British government's decision to grant the East India Company a monopoly on the export of tea from Britain.

A power that is held by both the states and the national government (e.g. the power of taxation) best fits which of the following concepts?

Concurrent power

Which state had the smallest population in 1790? https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Are+Americans/Infographics/WTP12_WAA_Great+Compromise.jpg

Delaware

Which of the following protect every individual against arbituary action by national or state governments?

Due process of law

What is the name of the clause that is understood to give Congress the power to pass any law that is necessary to carry out its expressed powers?

Elastic Clause

Of the powers contained within the U.S. Constitution, which are most clearly articulated?

Expressed powers

Under which of the following types of government is it possible for state and federal laws to contradict each other, such as states legalizing marijuana even though it remains illegal according to national law? A. Unitary B. A Monarchy C. A Confederation D. Federal

Federal

Which of the following statements can be supported by the information presented in this activity? A. The biggest states received the most federal spending per tax dollar. B. Federal spending per tax dollar is fairly even across the 50 states. C. Federal spending per tax dollar is uneven, and biggest states tend to receive less in federal spending than small states. D. Spending on health care is only slight more than spending on education. https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Are+Americans/Infographics/WTP12_WAA_Federal+Spending.jpg

Federal spending per tax dollar is uneven, and biggest states tend to receive less in federal spending than small states.

Which state of the "big four" (in terms of population) has the highest spending per federal tax dollar? A. New York B. California C. Florida D. Texas https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Are+Americans/Infographics/WTP12_WAA_Federal+Spending.jpg

Florida

The era of dual federalism was from the ____________ until ____________.

Founding; the New Deal

Which amendment may be of issue if a case developed where the FBI wanted to search a citizen's computer, cell phone, or GPS devices?

Fourth Amendment

Which constitutional issue is most likely to have a day-to-day impact on your educational experience?

Free speech

What is the overall trend in grants-in-aid as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) from 1960 to 2017? https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/By+the+Numbers/WTP12_BTN_Federal+Aid.jpg

Grants-in-aid as a percentage of GDP have remained fairly consistent, although it has risen slightly over time.

Which of the following categories does the federal government spend the most on? https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Are+Americans/Infographics/WTP12_WAA_Federal+Spending.jpg

Health care

Federal aid as a percentage of state and local expenditures is the most volatile of all the aid depicted. Which of the following is correct as to why this has happened? A. In the 1960s, federal grants were on the rise as the federal government assumed a large role in funding programs in the states. Then, in the 1980s, President Reagan returned responsibility of some programs to the states. B. Federal aid as a percentage of state and local expenditures can change suddenly if states receive or lose funding from other sources. C. Federal aid as a percentage of state and local expenditures is susceptible to large swings due to the overall performance of the economy D. In the 1960s, the federal government assumed a large role in funding programs in the states, but in the 1980s there was a recession that did not allow the federal government to continue spending at the same rate. https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/By+the+Numbers/WTP12_BTN_Federal+Aid.jpg

In the 1960s, federal grants were on the rise as the federal government assumed a large role in funding programs in the states. Then, in the 1980s, President Reagan returned responsibility of some programs to the states.

The commerce clause of Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution affords Congress broad regulatory power over what?

Interstate commerce

Which of the following was a ramification of the Three-Fifths Compromise?

It allowed for a political agreement between the North and South.

Between 1960 and 2017, what was the trend in the percentage of women who are college students? A. It declined significant;y B. It declined slghtly C. It increased by one or two percentage points D. It increased significantly https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Are+Americans/Infographics/WTP12_WAA_Have+Women+Achieved+Equal+Rights.jpg

It increased significantly

Between 1960 and 2017, what was the trend in the percentage of women who are in Congress? A. It increased significantly B. It increased by one or two percentage points C. It declined slightly D. It declined significantly https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Are+Americans/Infographics/WTP12_WAA_Have+Women+Achieved+Equal+Rights.jpg

It increased significantly

The oldest constitution still in use belongs to which country?

The United States

The guidelines that government action toward religion is permissible if it is secular in purpose, neither promotes nor inhibits the practice of religion, and does not lead to "excessive entanglement" with religion are all a part of which court test?

Lemon test

How many states sent delegates to the Annapolis Convention in 1786?

Less than half of the states sent delegates

The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the right of the national government to create a national bank and reaffirmed the notion of national supremacy in which landmark case?

McCulloh v. Maryland (1819)

Incorporation was used for the first time in over 40 years in which of the following cases that concerned the Second Amendment?

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Which of the following states had a voter turnout of over 50 percent in 2016? A. Florida B. Missouri C. New Jersey D. Virginia https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Participates/Infographics/WTP12_WP_State+and+Local+Politics.jpg

Missouri

Which group of states has the HIGHEST rate of gun ownership? A. Montana, Wyoming, Idaho B. Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia C. Washington, Oregon, California D. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/By_The_Numbers_Images/WTP11_FIG04.01.jpg

Montana, Wyoming, Idaho

Which of the following cities had the lowest voter turnout for municipal elections? A. Seattle B. Washington, D.C. C. Houston D. New York https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Participates/Infographics/WTP12_WP_State+and+Local+Politics.jpg

New York

Which southern state has the LOWEST rate of gun ownership? A. South Carolina B. North Carolina C. Georgia D. Tennessee https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/By_The_Numbers_Images/WTP11_FIG04.01.jpg

North Carolina

Which geographic region has the lowest spending per federal tax dollar? https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Are+Americans/Infographics/WTP12_WAA_Federal+Spending.jpg

Northeast

Which of the following groups was eligible to vote in national elections back in 1789?

Only white men over the age of 21 who owned property

Which of the following statements can be supported with the data presented in the infographic? A. Non-Christians make up a majority of Americans. B. Catholic Americans are the largest religious subgroup. C. People who are not affiliated with any particular religion are the largest subgroup presented. D. People who are not affiliated with any particular religion have increased in number recently but are still a minority of Americans. https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Participates/Infographics/WTP12_WP_Religion.jpg

People who are not affiliated with any particular religion have increased in number recently but are still a minority of Americans.

What did the New Jersey Plan propose for Congress?

Representation would be equal for each state.

In the first Congress, ______________ had the fewest members in the U.S. House of Representatives. A. Connecticut B. Maryland C. Rhode Island D. Virginia https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Are+Americans/Infographics/WTP12_WAA_Great+Compromise.jpg

Rhode Island

Which of the following states benefitted the most from the Great Compromise? A. Pennsylvania B. Rhode Island C. New Jersey D. Massachusettes https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Are+Americans/Infographics/WTP12_WAA_Great+Compromise.jpg

Rhode Island

Many abortion cases, including Roe v. Wade, Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, and Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England, for instance, can be argued as which constitution issue?

Right to privacy

Which type of states had the lease influence in the House of Representatives?

Small States

If you were engaging in a public event, involving speakers, protests, and passing out leaflets, you would most likely be involved in which of the following categories?

Speech plus

What level of government writes the majority of criminal laws?

State governments

If you were an Antifederalist, which of the following would concern you about the central government having too much power?

The Elastic Clause

Of the following statements, which can be determined by the information presented in the graphic? A. The amounts of federal aid and grants fluctuate greatly over time, but the amount of grants-in-aid as a percentage of GDP remains relatively constant. B. The amounts of federal aid and grants have increased over time, but the amount of grants-in-aid as a percentage of GDP has decreased. C. The amounts of federal aid and grants have decreased over time, but the amount of grants-in-aid as a percentage of GDP has increased significantly. D. The amounts of federal aid and grants remain consistent, but the amount of grants-in-aid as a percentage of GDP is volatile. https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/By+the+Numbers/WTP12_BTN_Federal+Aid.jpg

The amounts of federal aid and grants fluctuate greatly over time, but the amount of grants-in-aid as a percentage of GDP remains relatively constant.

Which of the following is established by the Fifth Amendment?

The courts cannot hold trials for serious offenses without provision for a grand jury.

What is one of the biggest problmes with federal block grants?

There is a need for greater accountability in how the funds are actually spent by the states.

The five men appointed by the Second Continental Congress in 1776 to write a statement about American independence from British rule were Robert Livingston, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and

Thomas Jefferson

Based on the information presented in this acitivity, which of the following explanations of voter turnout in local and state elections is best supported? A. Large cities tend to have much higher turnout than smaller cities. B. Midterm elections have significantly higher turnout rates than non-presidential, non-congressional elections. C. Voters are more engaged during a presidential election than in other elections. D. Voters are less engaged during a presidential election than in other elections https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Participates/Infographics/WTP12_WP_State+and+Local+Politics.jpg

Voters are more engaged during a presidential election than in other elections

In which of the following areas of government do women have as large a share of political offices as men? A. In state legislatures B. As state governors C. In Congress D. Women are underrepresented in all these areas https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Are+Americans/Infographics/WTP12_WAA_Have+Women+Achieved+Equal+Rights.jpg

Women are underrepresented in all these areas

Daniel Shay was

a former army captain who led a mob of farmers in a rebellion against the Massachusetts government.

The Antifederalists argued that the powers of the national government should be limited by

adding a bill of rights to the Constitution.

The issue of representation was addressed in the Great Compromise by giving each state

an equal number of senators but linking representation in the House of Representatives to population.

In a federal system, power is distributed

between the state and national governments.

The Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth amendments, taken together, define

due process of law.

Taking private property for public use is covered under the provision of

eminent domain.

The _____________ rule is the most restraint imposed by the courts on police behavior because it rules out precisely the evidence that produces a conviction.

exclusionary

The First Amendment's ________________ clause protects the right to believe in and practice one's religion of choice.

free exercise

A unitary system is a

government in which the national government holds the ultimate authority

The power delegated by a state to a local unit of government to manage its own affairs is known as

home rule.

The core component of the Virginia Plan was that

it provided for a system of representation in the national legislature based on the population of each state or the proportion of each state's revenue contribution to the national government, or both.

Civil liberties are

limitations on government action.

In 2015 and 2017, what type of election cycle was the country in? https://d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/Political_Science/We_the_People/WTP12/Who+Participates/Infographics/WTP12_WP_State+and+Local+Politics.jpg

non-presidential, non-congressional

James Madison believed that the greatest conflict of interest in the Philadelphia convention was between _________________ and _________________ .

northern states; southern states

The main function of the privileges and immunities clause of Article IV is that it

prevents states from discriminating against nonresidents.

The full faith and credit clause

requires that each state's public actions and judicial proeedings be honored by the other states.

Most of the rules and regulations Americans face in their daily lives are set by

state and local governments.

The doctrine of nullification asserted that

states were not bound by federal laws that they considered unconstitutional.

The first nation to adopt federalism as its governing framework was

the United States.

The Tenth Amendment states that

the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

The Declaration of Independence was a remarkable philosophical statement for it time because it asserted that

there were "unalienable rights" that could not be abridged by governments.

General revenue-sharing grants are a central component of the process of devolution, which is a policy

to remove a program from one level of government by delegating it or passing it down to a lower form of government.

Under the terms of the Great Compromise, the House of Representatives

was based on proportional representation

The framers of the U.S. Constitution intended to create a presidency capable of

withstanding excessive popular pressure by making it subject to indirect election through the electoral college.