GOVT 2306 Final exam

Which of the following use party caucuses in Texas? -Only minor parties use caucuses in Texas as of 2017. -the Democrats -the Republicans

only minor parties use caucuses in Texas as of 2017

Voters who are able to vote in any primary regardless of their party affiliation live in a state with a(n) ______ primary system. -blanket -closed -open -semi-closed

open

What authority do city governments have that in counties is quite limited? -law enforcement -ordinance passage -disbursement of funds -infrastructure maintenance

ordinance passage

Minor political parties in Texas nominate candidates in a(n) ________ _________.

party caucus

The Texas Election Code requires major parties to utilize which process of selecting nominees for the general election? -party primaries -party caucuses -a petition signed by 5,000 registered voters -nominating conventions

party primaries

Voting in another party's primary to intentionally nominate a weaker candidate is known as -party raiding. -runoff voting. -crossover voting. -false voting.

party raiding

The introduction of new technologies has led to a shift from -capital-intensive campaigns to labor-intensive campaigns. -big-tent parties to niche political movements. -party-centered politics to candidate-centered politics. -professional campaign tactics to amateur campaign tactics.

party-centered politics to candidate-centered politics.

The political history of Texas could be viewed as a chronological parade of -ideologies. -wedge issues. -personalities. -parties.

personalities

A person's answer to the question, "What should government do?" is influenced by their ______ ______, which is their belief about political processes and the role that government should play in society. -collective benefits -political values -patriotic feelings -public goods

political values

In recent years, most of the growth in state expenditures in Texas has been driven by -inflation. -public safety costs. -population increases. -the cost of health care.

population increases

What is the lowest level of the permanent party organization in Texas? -precinct chair -county chair -district chair -ward chair

precinct chair

What is the lowest level of the permanent party organization? -county chair -member of the county executive committee -local party volunteer -precinct chair

precinct chair

Candidates can get on the general election ballot if they -Register with the secretary of state as a write in candidate -Win a party primary -Collect signatures -All of the answers apply.

all of the answers apply

Which of the following can help offset the power of interest groups? economic diversity competitive political parties legislative professionalism All of these answers are correct.

all of these answers are correct

Today, Republicans in Texas hold -all statewide elected offices. -only the state house and the governor's office. -only the state house and the state senate. -only the governor's office and the state senate.

all statewide elected offices

In 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the section of the Voting Rights Act that -outlawed the use of the poll tax and property requirements for voting. -allowed the federal government to oversee the operation of elections in certain states. -required federal oversight of state elections. -forbid the use of Voter ID laws in states with a history of discrimination.

allowed the federal government to oversee the operation of elections in certain states.

An interest group that appears to have many grassroots members but in fact does not have individual citizens as members is called what? -a "007" organization -an "astroturf" organization -a "Benedict Arnold" organization -a "sheep's clothing" organization

an "astroturf" organization

Which of the following would not be classified as a "Special Election"? -Approval/Rejection of proposed constitutional amendments. -An election to select party candidates. -Election to replace an elected official who died or resigned. -Bond Election

an election to select party candidates

State and local interest groups (SLIGs) represent -the leadership (elected or appointed) of an organization. -the individual members of an organization. -an organization.

an organization

Which of the following describes the People's Party? - anti-elite - anti-tax - anti-labor - anti-agrarian

anti-elite

A major reason for disorganization at the 2008 Democratic district and county conventions following the precinct conventions was the -attendance of many first-timers who did not know the rules. -actions of many attendees who opposed both major presidential candidates. -confusion resulting from the very similar policy positions of the two presidential candidates. -failure of the precinct conventions to send up an adequate number of delegates.

attendance of many first-timers who did not know the rules.

Texas is considered to be a(n) _____________________ average tax capacity state. -Low -Average -High

average

The excise tax on gasoline is an example of a tax based on the -need of the state. -ability to pay. -environmental cost. -benefit received.

benefit received

Which of the following races experienced a decline in the 2016 election in Texas? Multiple Choice -Black -Asian -Hispanic -White

black

As of 2016, -the Texas Republicans use a primary and the Texas Democrats use a caucus. -both parties in Texas use caucuses. -both parties in Texas use primaries. -the Texas Democrats use a primary and the Texas Republicans use a caucus.

both parties in Texas use primaries

In state elections from 2006 to 2014, which sector contributed the most amount of PAC money to campaigns? -labor -environmental -business -ideology

business

The process of electioneering begins with -candidate recruitment. -focus groups. -interest polling. -raising money for campaign costs.

candidate recruitment

In the past 17 presidential elections, Texas voted Democratic only four times. Three of those times it was because the -candidates hailed from Texas or the South. -candidates adopted a traditionally Republican platform. -opposing Republican candidates were socially liberal. -opposing Republican candidates held moderate voting records.

candidates hailed from Texas or the South.

A state's potential to tax is call its tax ______________.

capacity

In a council-manager government, who is responsible for preparing the budget? -the mayor -the city council -the city manager -the city clerk

city manager

Advocates say the ________ encourages party identification and loyalty. -semi-closed primary system -closed primary system -blanket primary system -open primary system

closed primary system

The poll tax of 1902, would be equivalent to about $_____ today. -2 -30 -50 -10

$30

In Texas, to run as an independent for statewide office, a candidate must file a petition with a number of signatures equal to ________ of the votes cast for governor in the past election. -5 percent -10 percent -1 percent -19 percent

1 percent

The _____ ______ ticket format is a paper ballot form that is no longer used in Texas. The party that held the governor's office was the first party column on the ballot.

column format

Which of the following is an example of a group that cannot draw strength from geographic distribution? -commercial shrimp fishermen -health insurance providers -the Texas Municipal League -the League of Conservation Voters

commercial shrimp fishermen

he Texas Election Code has its most profound impact on political party activity in which area(s)? -party organization and fundraising -candidate selection -conduct of primary elections -All of these answers are correct.

conduct of primary elections

Which of the following is not a position of the Texas Green Party? - substance abuse, including alcoholism, to be treated as a disease or psychological disorder, not a crime. - the decriminalization of marijuana, and the immediate release of all prisoners held on only nonviolent marijuana-related charges. - consenting adults ought not be restricted from partaking in activities that harm no one else. This includes possession, consumption and/or market transactions of substances for medicinal, recreational, or other purposes. - pre-employment and/or random drug screening is a violation of the 4th amendment of the U.S. Constitution and an immediate ban on these practices.

consenting adults ought not be restricted from partaking in activities that harm no one else. This includes possession, consumption and/or market transactions of substances for medicinal, recreational, or other purposes.

Which of the following accurately describes the Shivercrats? -a liberal faction of the Texas Democratic Party that stayed aligned with the national Democratic Party -conservative Republicans who voted for Democratic presidential candidates -Conservative Democrats who stood for office as both Democratic and Republican candidates -liberal Republicans who voted for Democrats in national elections

conservative Democrats who stood for office as both Democratic and Republican candidates

Heavy dependence on ______ taxes makes for an income-elastic tax structure. -income -corporate -property -consumer

consumer

Taxes that individuals pay when they buy goods and services are ______ taxes. -consumer -franchise -per capita -proportional

consumer

What best describes Texas's franchise fee? -business property tax -tax on business expansion -corporate equipment tax -corporate income tax

corporate income tax

If you selected any city in Texas at random, what governmental form would you most likely find? -weak mayor-council -council-manager -commission -strong mayor-council

council-manager

Bond elections are held for the purpose of -filling a vacancy due to death or resignation. -selecting party candidates. -to select electoral college members. -debt being approved by local voters.

debt being approved by local voters

During the Republic of Texas, political parties -were the center of electoral politics. -were active and growing. -did not exist like they do today. -were stronger than they are today.

did not exist like they did today

If you want to participate in absentee voting in Texas, what should you do? - At the time you register for the year in which an election will be held, state that you plan to be an absentee voter. - Request an absentee ballot by mail, including a signed affidavit, and then mail your completed ballot back. - Go to your early polling place any time from 17 to 4 days before the election and cast your vote.

Go to your early polling place any time from 17 to 4 days before the election and cast your vote.

The Texas presidential primaries are held in which month? -February -March -April -May

March

In Texas, under the regressive tax system, those in the top 1% of wage earners, pay approximately ______% of their income taxes. -10 -20 -12.5 -4

NOT 20

Third party candidates must collect signatures from which of the following to get on the ballot. -Residents of the state -Registered voters who did not vote in the primary -Any registered voter in the state.

Registered voters who did not vote in the primary

Which of the following is an example of a government organization? -MADD -NEA -SLIGs -NRA

SLIGs

Write-in candidates must file an intetion before the election with the -Texas State House and Senate -Texas Ethics Commission -Federal Elections Commission -Secretary of State

Secretary of State

How does compensation for legislative staff in Texas compare to that of other states? -The Texas legislature provides less money for staff salaries than most states. -The Texas legislature provides average compensation for its staff members. -The Texas legislature provides more money for staff salaries than any other state. -Compensation in Texas is comparatively low, but state employees enjoy strong union rights.

The Texas legislature provides more money for staff salaries than any other state.

In 1975, the Voting Rights Act was applied to Texas and required that all changes in election procedures obtain pre-clearance by the -governor's office. -U.S. State Department. -U.S. Justice Department. -state legislature.

US Justice Department

What voting practice was developed with the U.S. armed services in mind? -Internet voting -absentee voting -early voting -proxy voting

absentee voting

Which of the following is one of the five types of lobbyist? -citizen -in-house -governmental -All of these answers are correct.

all of these

The Texas Republican Party currently holds -majority control of the Texas State House. -majority control of the Texas State Senate. -the Speaker of the House position. -the Lt. Governor's position. -All of these answers apply.

all of these answers apply

In an attempt to influence court decisions, interest groups may file "friend of the court" briefs, otherwise known as ______ briefs. -ad hominem -amicus curiae -stare decisis -sua sponte

amicus curiae

During the 1980s there were 10 special sessions of the Texas legislature to correct revenue shortfalls. What was the cause of these shortfalls? -reduction in federal grants under President Reagan -white flight to the suburbs -declining price of oil -inflation

declining price of oil

When economic conditions are bad, state tax revenues in Texas -are unaffected. -decrease. -increase. -must be shared with the federal government.

decrease

The funds in the state budget that are not restricted for a specific purpose are -regressive. -discretionary. -earmarked. -nonrivalrous.

discretionary

Which of the elected officials prosecutes major crimes before the district courts? -County Judge -District Attorney -Constable -Sheriff

district attorney

The _______ _________ is a corporate "income tax" in Texas that is assessed on income earned by corporations in the state.

franchise fee

As of 2016-2017, what is the third-largest source of revenue for Texas state government? -sales tax -service tax -franchise fees -income tax

franchise tax

Money in campaigns has ______ in recent years. -increased dramatically -decreased slightly -decreased dramatically -increased slightly

increased dramatically

In Texas, how significant is the digital divide for politics? -It is relatively unimportant. -It is only important for local races. -It is significant.

it is significant

What are the prospects for the Republican Party gaining ground among Hispanics? -It is unclear. -The prospects are abysmal. -The prospects are very good. -The Republicans' chances are just as good as the Democrats'.

it is unclear

The Texas Municipal League, which represents Texas city officials, derives its greatest strength from -its influential membership. -its large numbers. -its free riders.

its influential membership

Pro-business conservatives at the core of the Texas Republican Party establishment seek to -eliminate subsidies for private companies. -keep government spending low. -increase government regulation of the economy. -limit private property rights.

keep government spending low

What aspect of a state's tax system seems to indicate a high level of regressivity? -lack of a corporate income tax -lack of a personal income tax -a proportional income tax -a low consumer sales tax

lack of a personal income tax

The practice of trying to influence members of the legislature is called ___________

lobbying

What is/are an example of a toll good? -subsidized housing -public education -natural resources -national parks

national parks

When the economy of a state grows more diverse, -no single industry or group can dominate. -it is easier for a single rich interest to monopolize power. -the number of interest groups shrinks. -the influence of interest groups becomes greater.

no single industry or group can dominate

Fire Protection would be considered -non-exclusive -exclusive.

non-exclusive

Voters elect candidates to statewide offices, such as governor, lieutenant governor, and attorney general, in _______________ (non-presidential/presidential) election years.

non-presidential

What is the largest category of interest group? -social interest groups -nonmembership organizations -professional associations -government organizations

nonmembership organizations

In Texas, local elections such as city council and school board, are ______________ elections. -partisan -nonpartisan

nonpartisan

An example of a temporary party organization is the -county executive committee. -precinct convention. -state executive committee. -precinct chair.

precinct convention

Election in which candidates for each office are selected to represent the party. -Primary -Bond -General -Special

primary

Which of the following would not be considered a valid ID for voting in Texas? -Passport -Student ID -Drivers License -License to Carry a Handgun

student ID

The __ Amendment protects the states the authority to regulate the health, safety, and morals of their citizens. Eighth Ninth Tenth Thirteenth

tenth

In Texas, to be considered a major party and hold a primary election, a party's gubernatorial candidate must receive a minimum of ___% of the vote. -20 -30 -10 -25

20

Which of the following does not reflect the stance if the Texas Democratic Party Platform, -Possession of small amounts of controlled substances should be to a misdemeanor, even when it is a repeat offense. -Possession of small amounts of drugs should be citation only, no arrests. -Drugs should be immediately legalized. -Drug use should be treated as a public health challenge rather than as a crime.

drugs should be immediately legalized

Which of the following was controversial to both Republicans and Democrats following the Civil War? -Edmund J. Davis's governorship -the Emancipation Proclamation -Abraham Lincoln -U.S. military rule from 1866 to 1869

Edmund J Davis's governorship

The process that allows a person to vote before the regular election is known as _______ voting

early

A good example of a proportional tax is the tax on -capital gains. -property investments. -earned investment income. -earned income for Medicare.

earned income for Medicare

How does the general history of third parties affect their relative success now? -Many people think a vote for a third party is wasted and thus do not support them. -Most people are not aware that third parties exist. -Third parties tend to be weaker now because their past electoral successes did not radically change the nature of government. -Most people admire third parties and try to support them if they agree with the party's positions.

Many people think a vote for a third party is wasted and thus do not support them.

Texas primaries are held the first Tuesday in _________ of even numbered years. -April -February -May -March

March

The permanent party organization consists of -governor-appointed party officers. -party members elected to state or federal office. -elected party officers. -elected party officers and party volunteers.

elected party officers

States conducting the semi-closed primary require voters to register or change their party affiliation by which day? -Election Day for the primary election -Election Day for the general election -the voter's birthday -the first day of early voting

election day for the primary election

Interest group efforts to influence the outcome of elections is known as -campaigning. -influence peddling. -electioneering. -lobbying.

electioneering

______ refers to the various activities in which interest groups engage to try to influence the outcome of elections. -Collective bargaining -Rent seeking -Lobbying -Electioneering

electioneering

Since 2008, all 254 counties in Texas have used what type of voting system? -Internet -electronic -punch-hole -paper ballot

electronic

Who can early vote in Texas? -Voters who will be out of state on election day. -Any registered voter. -Voters with disabilities. -Students attending Universities outside of the State.

any registered voter

In which type of city government do voters elect people to directly oversee city departments: -commission -council-manager -weak mayor -strong mayor

commission

In the Texas Republican Party, free-market libertarian Republicans call some pro-business efforts ______, claiming they are inconsistent with true capitalism. -proto-socialism -corporate welfare -logrolling -crony capitalism

crony-capitalism

When voters leave their party and vote in the other party's primary it is known as ___________ ______________.

crossover voting

Which category of PAC spent the most money in the 2014 Texas election cycle? -ideological/single issue -energy/natural resources/waste -real estate -agriculture

ideological/single issue

Since 2012, property taxes collected by local government has consistently -decreased. -stayed the same. -increased

increased

How often does Texas hold general elections? -every year -twice a year -every two years -every four years

every two years

Public housing would be considered -exhaustive. -non-exhaustive.

exhaustive

True of False: The County Judge is required to be a licensed attorney.

false

True or False: All cities with a population of 100,000 or more, must operate under the Strong Mayor form of government.

false

True or False: The County Judge has veto power over the other County Commissioner's decisions.

false

True or false: Because of the revolving door policy in Texas, retiring legislators must wait two years before becoming a registered lobbyist.

false

True or false: Compared to other states, Texas has relatively low property taxes.

false

True or false: In order to gain access to the ballot, candidates from all parties must submit petitions signed by 5 to 10 percent of registered voters.

false

True or false: The increase in local government collection of tax revenues in Texas is an indication of the declining role of the federal government in funding services, especially schools.

false

True or false: Under Texas law, members of state licensing boards are not allowed to be members of the interest groups that cover the subject matter of their licensing activities.

false

True or false: Voters participating in a semi-open primary can vote in both party primaries during the same election cycle.

false

_________ goods are often non-exhaustive only to a certain point. (Think about toll roads and public beaches.)

toll

Voters elect all 150 members of the Texas House of Representatives every -three years. -four years. -two years. -year.

two years

On average, Texas generates ______ of its revenue from its own sources. -two-thirds -one-quarter -a small percentage -one-half

two-thirds

The Texas Farmers Union (not to be confused with the Texas Farm Bureau) represents which segment of the Texas agricultural industry? -farm equipment suppliers -large agricultural producers -retail sales of farm goods -family farms and ranches

family farms and ranches

The expansion of political participation in the southern U.S. states has come about largely because of -federal government intervention. -the civil rights movement. -suffrage movements of the early twentieth century. -the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

federal government intervention

Health and human services is funded primarily with -federal grants. -special excise taxes. -property taxes. -the lottery.

federal grants

If you wanted to run for statewide office in Texas you could pay a filing fee of ________ or submit a petition with ________. -$9,250; 45,000 signatures -$3,750; 47,000 signatures -$53,000; signatures equaling 3 percent of the votes cast for the office in the past election -$500; signatures equaling 3 percent of the votes cast for the office in the past election

$3,750; 47000 signatures

________ is the political principle that assigns different functions to different levels of government. -Republicanism -Federalism -Separation of powers -Constitutionalism

federalism

Of the following, the most nontax revenue in Texas is generated by -lottery income. -fees, fines, licenses, and penalties. -interest income. -land income.

fees, fines, licenses, and penalties.

Although entertaining members of the legislature is used by interest groups, bribery of a public official is -a misdemeanor -felony -even more effective and legal.

felony

What must a candidate do in order to run as an independent for statewide office in Texas? -file a petition with a specified number of signatures -obtain approval from the election board -follow the same process as the candidates from the major parties -post a bond to cover the costs of candidacy

file a petition with a specified number of signatures

Which of the following statements about realignment is accurate? - It is the result of a temporary deviation of voting behavior. - It happens within one election cycle. - It is dependent on specific factors that influence the vote in a specific election. - It is the movement of one population category from party to party. - It occurs when one party displaces another party as the majority party.

- It is the movement of one population category from party to party. - It occurs when one party displaces another party as the majority party.

The payment that is required in order to get a candidate's name on the primary or general election ballot is known as a _____________ ____________.

filing fee

A ________ is a panel of "average citizens" who are used by political consultants to test ideas and words for later use in campaigns. -poll -focus group -test group -statistical sample

focus group

Which of the following accurately describe the Texas Municipal League? -very large membership -focused committees -highly organized -influential members

focused committees highly organized influential members

The fact that oil industry lobby groups have been able to strongly influence the Texas Railroad Commission's three commissioners instead of having to influence the governor is an example of how ________ can increase interest group strength. -a fragmented government structure -poor legislative professionalism -wide geographic distribution -economic diversity

fragmented government structure

Because individuals may benefit from the work of interest groups whether or not they participate in the groups' activities, some groups have difficulty recruiting members due the _________ _________ problem.

free rider

Which of the following is not an earmarked category and is part of discretionary spending? -funding for Medicaid -funding for Medicare -funding for public schools -funding for state universities

funding for state universities

Regular elections held every two years to elect state officeholders are known as _________ elections

general

Third parties have a difficult time winning for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that -it is more difficult for a third party candidate to get on the ballot. -representatives run in single-member districts. -general election candidates need a majority to win. -most Texans identify with one of the two major parties.

general election candidates need a majority to win

In Texas, voters can cross-over vote, or vote for candidates from multiparties, in which elections? -General Elections -all elections -Primary Elections

general elections

According to the Texas Municipal League, roughly 75% of Texas cities are -Unincorporated -Commission forms of government -General law -Home Rule

general law

Most cities in Texas are chartered under -home law. -general law. -general rule. -home rule.

general law

_________________ ______________a characteristic of some interest groups, refers to the fact that the groups have members in all regions of the state.

geographical distribution

In 1919, Texas did which of the following, marking notable achievements for the Progressive movement in the state? -ratified the Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition) -enacted significant antimonopoly legislation -implemented progressive taxation -ratified the Nineteenth Amendment (women's suffrage)

- ratified the eighteenth amendment (prohibition) -ratified the nineteenth amendment (women's suffrage)

What was the outcome of the 2008 Democratic Party caucuses in Texas? -Clinton won the popular vote in the Texas primary. -Obama won the popular vote in the Texas primary. -Obama secured the majority of the state's precinct convention delegates in the caucus. -Clinton secured the majority of the state's precinct convention delegates in the caucus.

-Clinton won the popular vote in the Texas primary. -Obama secured the majority of the state's precinct convention delegates in the caucus.

Which of the following currently qualify as minor parties in Texas? -Socialist Workers Party -Green Party -Libertarian Party -Raza Unida Party

-Green Party -Libertarian Party

Identify which of the following are indicative of the changing nature of elections today. -Catholic and male votes, once solidly Republican, have now migrated over to the Democratic Party. -The voice of labor unions has declined in elections. -Catholic and male votes are now overwhelmingly Republican, reversing a trend. -The media have a big influence on elections.

-The voice of labor unions has declined in elections. -Catholic and male votes are now overwhelmingly Republican, reversing a trend. -The media have a big influence on elections.

Which of the following best describes a semi-open primary? -Voters can switch parties between races. -Voters must declare party affiliation before Election Day. -Voters are required to request a party ballot. -Voters may vote in any party primary.

-Voters are required to request a party ballot. -Voters may vote in any party primary.

In 1994, Republican victories in Texas included which of the following? all of the state Supreme Court seats Reason: They gained a majority of seats, but not all. control of the agricultural commissioner's office Reason: They retained control of this office. all seats on the Railroad Commission George W. Bush as governor gain of three seats on the state board of education

-gain of three seats on the state board of education -all seats on the Railroad Commission -George W. Bush as governor -control of the agricultural commissioner's office

Which of the following would most likely be considered wedge issues? -gay marriage -abortion rights -gun control -simplification of tax laws

-gay marriage -abortion rights -gun control

Who or what can be a part of membership organizations? -individual citizens -businesses -federal agencies -local governments

-individual citizens -businesses

Interest groups need money for which of the following? -lobbying -public relations -electioneering -to pay grassroots members -to pay full-time staff

-lobbying -public relations -electioneering -to pay full-time staff

What are primary sources of local tax revenue in Texas? -income taxes -local sales taxes -property taxes -business taxes

-local sales tax -property tax

In past financial crises, revenue shortfalls in Texas have been resolved by which of the following? -raising gasoline taxes -raising sales taxes -instituting a personal income tax -increasing fees

-raising gasoline taxes -raising sales taxes -increasing fees

Which of the following are indicators of party dealignment in Texas? -rise in mass media campaigning -decreased split-ticket voting -high voter turnout -candidates seeking name recognition

-rise in mass media campaigning -candidates seeking name recognition

As laid out in the text, what general tax shifting methods may businesses use to respond to a tax increase? -shifting taxes to the consumer through higher prices -making legal challenges against the tax -reducing income so the tax burden will be lower -absorbing the cost through lower profits to its shareholders/owners -shifting the taxes onto workers through lower wages

-shifting taxes to the consumer through higher prices -absorbing the cost through lower profits to its shareholders/owners -shifting the taxes onto workers through lower wages

Which of the following were political parties that developed in Texas in the latter half of the nineteenth century? -Socialist Party -Justice Party -the Grange -Green Party -People's Party -Greenback Party

-the Grange -People's Party -Greenback Party

Rank each of the following sectors in highest to lowest contributors in State Campaigns. -labor -ideology -business

1- business 2- ideology 3- labor

According to the Texas Election Code, each election precinct must contain between -9,000 and 10,000 voters. -500 and 2,000 voters. -14,000 and 20,000 voters. -100 and 5,000 voters.

100 and 5,000 voters

Women were given full voting rights in Texas in _______. -1910 -1915 -1918 -1920

1920

As of 2017, there were __________________ registered lobbyists in Texas. -197 -1927 -19,270 -51,000

1927

The ______ presidential election, in which the Shivercrats ran for office, broke the tradition of straight-ticket Democratic voting in Texas.

1952

In which decade was the poll tax abolished in Texas? -1890s -1960s -1940s -1920s

1960's

John Tower was first elected in 1961. In what year was the next Republican elected to statewide office in Texas? -1972 -1978 -1994 -1966

1978

When did the Texas legislature change the rules to allow anyone to vote absentee without restrictions? -1993 -1979 -Texas has always allowed unrestricted absentee voting. -2001

1979

Republicans in Texas experienced setbacks in which of the following elections? -1982 -1978 -1986

1982

Republicans bounced back in the elections of ______ and set the stage for today's Republican Party. -1978 -1986 -1982 -1990

1986

Texas has been a predominately one party Republican state since the -1870s -1960s -1970s -1990s

1990's

A Democrat was last elected to statewide office in Texas in -1994. -2004. -1990. -2000.

1994

In what year did Texas become a one-party Republican system, substantially changing Texas party politics? -2000 -1990 -2004 -1994

1994

The Republican Party has controlled the governor's office in Texas without interruption since -1994. -1948. -1972. -2000.

1994

The General Election is always held ___________________________, even numbered years. -1st Tuesday in November -1st Tuesday in March -2nd Tuesday in November -1st Tuesday following the 1st Monday in November

1st Tuesday following the 1st Monday in November

in Texas, the Primary Election is held ______________________, even numbered years. -1st Tuesday in May -1st Tuesday in November -2nd Tuesday in April -1st Tuesday in March

1st Tuesday in March

By state law, the local sales tax is fixed at no more than ______ percent of the value of the sale. -5 -3 -1.5 -2

2

After what election did the Republican Party hold all statewide offices and comprise the majority in both the Texas House and Senate? -2004 -2000 -1994 -1996

2000

As of 2017, there were almost _______ registered lobbyists in Texas. -200 -800 -2000 -4500

2000

For incorporation to proceed in Texas, first a minimum population of ________ citizens must be living within a two-square-mile area. -201 -1,001 -501 -2,501

201

For fiscal years 2015 and 2016, the Texas state budget was about $________ billion. -209 -268 -75 -123

209

When the Supreme Court struck down Section ____ of the Voting Rights Act, Texas no longer had to receive federal approval before changing any in-state voting procedure.

4

In the 2014 election, Greg Abbott raised $_____ million in contributions. -5 -8 -44 -18

44

In 2018, Greg Abbott received ___% of the vote, being re-elected governor. -69 -40 -53 -48

53%

As a member of the Raza Unida Party, Ramsey Muniz received ______ percent of the vote for Texas governor in 1972. -6 -26 -16 -60

6

After the statewide poll tax was adopted, voter turnout in 1904 when from ____% to _____ %. -80; 40 -30; 60 -60; 30 -40; 80

60; 30

How many states do not have any form of personal income tax? -7 -13 -2 -19

7

How many states, including Texas, have no personal income tax? -1 -12 -3 -7

7

What percentage of the revenue on which Texas depends is from income-elastic taxes? -85-90 percent -65-70 percent -roughly 50 percent -75-80 percent

85-90 percent

Voter turnout in municipal elections tends to be low because -Cities conduct elections in off years and in May, as opposed to the November general election cycle. -All of the reasons stated, lead to lower turnout. -Lack of media coverage and information on local elections. -Lack of interest in how much authority city government has over the daily life of residents.

All of the reasons stated, lead to lower turnout

The interests of state and federal agencies are represented by -government organizations. -nonmembership organizations. -membership organizations -political action committees.

government organizations

The Texas Republican Party suffered a big setback in 1990 when Democrat ______ was elected to the governor's office. -Lloyd Bentsen -Clayton Williams -Bill Clements -Ann Richards

Ann Richards

In the 2018 Republican Primary, J.K. Ellzoy received 21%; Ron Wright received 45%; and Ken Cope received 7%, etc. Which of the following is correct: - Because no candidate received an absolute majority, Ellzoy and Wright had to have a run off election. - Both Ellzoy and Wright will be placed on the General Election ballot. - Wright won because he had the highest percentage of the vote. Incorrect

Because no candidate received an absolute majority, Ellzoy and Wright had to have a run off election.

By 1988 the Republicans had made significant gains, aided by Bill Clements's election as ______ and George H. W. Bush's election as ______. -U.S. senator; governor -U.S. representative; U.S. senator -governor; president -speaker of the Texas House; U.S. representative

governor; president

By 1988 the Republicans had made significant gains, aided by Bill Clements's election as ______ and George H. W. Bush's election as ______. -speaker of the Texas House; U.S. representative -governor; president -U.S. senator; governor -U.S. representative; U.S. senator

governor; president

Whose election as governor in 1978 marked the real beginning of two-party politics in Texas? -John Tower -Bill Clements -Phil Gramm -Lyndon B. Johnson

Bill Clements

The County Chair for the political parties is selected -By the precinct chairs of the county -By the county voters of the party -By the county executive committee -By the state party chair

By county voters of the party

The current trend in state spending indicates that local governments will be picking up a ______ share of the cost of providing services to the citizens of Texas in future. -greater -lesser

greater

Under lobbying regulations, what type of interest groups are required to register and file reports on their activities? -organizations that help recruit candidates for office -all interest groups -groups that have regular contact with legislators -any group participating in grassroots lobbying

groups that have regular contact with legislators

What was Sam Houston's position with respect to the issue of slavery? -He opposed it. -He both opposed and supported it, depending on the politics at the time. -He supported it. -He remained neutral on the issue.

he opposed it

About 60 percent of the money that Texas receives from the federal government is spent on -public safety. -health and human services. -transportation. -education.

health and human services

Texas spends most of the money it gets from the federal government on -border security. -health and human services. -education. -infrastructure and transportation development.

health and human services

How do parties that achieve minor-party status nominate candidates? -through the write-in process -in a primary election -by obtaining enough signatures -in a party caucus

in a party caucus

A(n) ________ is an organization of individuals sharing common goals that tries to influence governmental decisions. -fraternity -political movement -interest group -political party

interest group

As opposed to crossover voting, party raiding -does not involve an opposing party. -is an intentional effort to weaken an opposing party. -occurs when a voter genuinely likes the other party's candidate. -causes voters to change their party affiliation.

is an intentional effort to weaken an opposing party.

n the 1952 and 1956 presidential elections, many Yellow Dog Democrats broke with tradition and voted for -Adlai Stevenson II. -Dwight D. Eisenhower. -Lyndon B. Johnson. -Earl Warren.

Dwight D Eisenhower

Voting for which presidential candidate ended the Texas tradition of straight-ticket balloting for Democrats? -Richard Nixon -Dwight Eisenhower -Barry Goldwater -Ronald Reagan

Dwight Eisenhower

Which of the following is false regarding County Commissioner's Court elections? -Members are elected to 4 year terms. -The County Judge is elected at at large. -County Commissioners are elected to represent one of four precincts in the county. -Elections are nonpartisan.

Elections are nonpartisan.

True or False: It is illegal for an interest groups to endorse an candidate running for office.

FALSE

True or False: Approximately 25% of Texas workers belong to unions.

False

True or False: Voters must register to vote every two years in Texas.

False

True or false: All farming interest groups have the same policy goals.

False

What third party in Texas advocates social justice, ecological sustainability, nonviolence, and political reform? -Raza Unida Party -Libertarian Party -Natural Law Party -Green Party

Green Party

Why did Bill Clements's election to office signify the beginning of real two-party politics in Texas? -He used his political power to change electoral rules in Texas that made prospects more favorable to Republican candidates. -He used his political and appointment power to bring Republicans into many state offices. -His election coincided with an organizational collapse of the Democratic Party. -His popularity and skill in the position made Republicans far more popular in Texas.

He used his political and appointment power to bring Republicans into many state offices.

Why did the state vote Republican, in 1928, for presidential candidate Herbert Hoover? -The Democratic Party in Texas had dissolved into factional in-fighting and did not mount an effective campaign. -Hoover was essentially Democratic in ideology. -The Democratic candidate strongly supported desegregation. -Hoover's opponent was Roman Catholic.

Hoover's opponent was Roman Catholic

What message is the text trying to impart with the examples of Clayton Williams and George Bush with respect to media coverage? -Political consultants are able to reframe candidate mistakes so that the press treats them as positives. -In the race for voter attention, any coverage is essentially good coverage. -Intense media coverage can backfire for candidates if they make public mistakes. -Candidates have largely sought to hide from the press for fear of receiving negative coverage.

Intense media coverage can backfire for candidates if they make public mistakes.

What is the impact of Texas political culture on political participation? -It has no significant effect on political participation. -It discourages political participation. -It moderately encourages political participation. -It strongly encourages political participation.

It discourages political participation.

What is the purpose of a focus group? - It is a forum in which the candidate can ask donors for money. - It helps political consultants determine the emotional response of average citizens to the campaign message. - It provides an opportunity for the campaign manager and the candidate to focus on any issues they should address. - It gives the political consultant a chance to review the candidate's message.

It helps political consultants determine the emotional response of average citizens to the campaign message.

How does the Texas Constitution limit welfare spending? -It limits welfare spending to no more than 1 percent of the state budget. -It limits welfare spending to no more than 5 percent of the state budget. -There is no constitutional limit on welfare spending. -It limits state welfare spending to a match of what the federal government contributes.

It limits welfare spending to no more than 1 percent of the state budget.

Which of the following characteristics applies to the caucus system more than to the preference primary system? -It requires a big money investment. -It attracts more media exposure. -It requires big, professional campaign organizations. -It requires more grassroots organization.

It requires more grassroots organization

How did the legislature change the franchise fee in 2007? -It was eliminated. -It was expanded to most kinds of businesses. -It was expanded to include both business earnings and investment -income. It was reduced to encourage business investment.

It was expanded to most kinds of businesses.

Why is it unnecessary for the Texas Municipal League to maintain constant contact with it's members? -It is so decentralized that committees make all decisions. -It is not active enough to require it. -The leadership does not consult members on most issues. -Its processes are so organized that it functions efficiently without it.

Its processes are so organized that it functions efficiently without it.

Who is best known for arguing that "factions" would play an important role in American politics? -James Madison -Thomas Paine -Ben Franklin -George Washington

James Madison

When was the last time a Democratic presidential candidate won the Texas vote for president? -Lyndon Johnson in 1964 -Jimmy Carter in 1976 -Bill Clinton in 1992 -Bill Clinton in 1996

Jimmy Carter in 1976

Who was the first Republican elected to statewide office in Texas since Reconstruction? -Phil Gramm -Lyndon B. Johnson -John Tower -Bill Clements

John Tower

All of the following groups would be considered powerful in Texas because the represent the traditionalistic political culture of the State, EXCEPT -Agriculural groups -Labor groups -Religious Groups -Professional groups

Labor groups

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways elections have changed? -Media changes have influenced the nature of campaigns. -Labor unions have become a stronger voice. -Catholic and male voters have migrated to the Republican Party. -Social issues have grown in importance.

Labor unions have become a stronger voice

The resignation of ______ as a U.S. senator allowed Texas Republicans to capture their second U.S. Senate seat in 1992. -Bill Clements -Lloyd Bentsen -Ann Richards -Clayton Williams

Lloyd Bentsen

Which of the following methods of registration is allowed in Texas? -Election day registration, in person only -When renewing driver's license online -Mail in voter registration, at least 30 days before an election -Online registration with the county voter registrar.

Mail in voter registration, at least 30 days before an election

How has party dealignment affected the relationship between candidates and parties? - Candidates seek to portray themselves as party loyalists in order to attract the core party faithful to the voting booth. - Candidates tend to rely more heavily on party fund-raising skills. - Many candidates distance themselves from parties to make a more direct connection with the voters. - Candidates more often tend to have parties run their campaigns but prefer party involvement to stay secret.

Many candidates distance themselves from parties to make a more direct connection with the voters.

______________ is responsible for establishing the mission, policy and direction for the city government. -City Manager -County Commissioners. -Mayor and City Council -Citizens

Mayor and City Council

What is the most important tool for interest groups seeking to influence election outcomes? -Money -Public relations -Connections -Lawyers

Money

Cigarette, tobacco and alcoholic beverage taxes made up approximately ___% of the 2016-2017 Texas budget. -0 -25 -5 -45

NOT 25

Typically, voter turnout for elections is highest when those elections are held in -January. -November. -May. -August.

November

In the process of electioneering, money is usually funneled to candidates through -SLIGs. -lobbyists. -trade associations. -PACs.

PACs

In Texas, the Tea Party is most closely aligned with the -Libertarian Party. -Republican Party. -American Independent Party. -Democratic Party.

Republican Party

During the time of the Republic of Texas, which individual advocated for annexation and peaceful relations with the Native American tribes of Texas? -Edmund Davis -Sam Houston -Davey Crockett -Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar

Sam Houston

Who among the following dominated the politics and government of the Republic of Texas? -Allan Shivers -Bill Clements -Sam Houston -Mirabeau Lamar -Stephen Austin

Sam Houston Mirabeau Lamar

Members of the electoral college are selected at the _______ Party Convention. -Precinct -County -State -National

State

Which type of interest group has little power in Texas compared to many other states? -business organizations -trade associations -labor unions -religious groups

labor unions

Which of the following interest groups consistently donates the largest amount to politicians in Texas? -Texans for Lawsuit Reform -Texas Medical Association -Texas AFL-CIO -Texas Community College Teachers Association

Texans for Lawsuit Reform

Which of the following is an example of a peak business organization? -Christian Coalition -Texas Medical Association -Texas Farm Bureau -Texas Association of Manufacturers

Texas Association of Manufacturers

Which of the following is true of property taxes in Texas? -Texas's local governments have been reducing their reliance on property taxes as a source of revenue. -Texas has one of the highest average property tax rates in the nation. -About half of property tax revenue is collected by the state and about half by local governments. -Property tax rates have been slowly falling in Texas in recent years.

Texas has one of the highest average property tax rates in the nation.

All of the following were used to restrict the voting rights of people of color, except -White primaries -Annual registration -The 15th Amendment -Poll tax

The 15th amendment

With respect to the issues of the day, officeholders in Texas during the Civil War era generally supported the positions taken by -the Confederacy. -the Republican Party. -the Union. -Sam Houston.

The Confederacy

What did Ted Cruz predict would happen if Texas ever does "turn blue"? -The Republican Party would have to shift its base to the Northeast. -The Republican Party would have to shift its base to the Northwest. -The Republican Party would cease to exist.

The Republican Party would cease to exist

Ballot eligibility requirements are set by -the states. -federal law. -tradition. -the parties.

The States

The states of Texas, Florida, and Washington are all roughly equivalent in their dependency on consumer taxes. What common characteristic do they share related to this? -biennial legislative sessions -high dependency on extraction of natural resources -very low federal funding -lack of a personal income tax

lack of a personal income tax

Why does the Texas oil industry lobby focus on influencing the Texas Railroad Commission? -The Texas Railroad Commission oversees the state oil industry. -The Texas Railroad Commission is the most powerful agency in the state. -The Texas Railroad Commission has a particularly close relationship with the governor. -The Texas Railroad Commission controls transportation costs in the state, which includes the transport of oil.

The Texas Railroad Commission oversees the state oil industry.

Which Party specifically states they oppose legalization of drugs? -The Texas Democratic Party -The Texas Green Party -The Texas Libertarian Party -The Texas Republican Party

The Texas Republican Party

Which of the following statements about the political party system in the United States is accurate? -The U.S. national parties are strong because of the large number of officials who are elected nationwide. -The United States has 50 state party systems. -The United States has strong national parties. -The state political party organizations are dependent on the national party organizations.

The United States has 50 state party systems.

Which of the following allowed the federal government to oversee the operation of elections at the state level until a Supreme Court ruling in 2013? -None of these answers is correct. -the Voting Rights Act -Article 10 of the U.S. Constitution -the ruling in the U.S. Supreme Court case Lawrence v. Texas

The Voting Rights Act

What happens if a candidate is unable to make the necessary payment to get on the ballot? -The candidate will be prohibited from entering the race. -The candidate can file for a court order. -The candidate must appeal to the governor for an exemption. -The candidate can be put on the ballot by filing a petition.

The candidate can be put on the ballot by filing a petition.

The Texas Farm Bureau represents which segment of the Texas agricultural industry? -retail sales of farm goods -large agricultural producers -family farms and ranches -farm equipment suppliers

large farms and ranches

For many years in Texas, the Democratic Party -leaned toward a libertarian ideology. -held a platform indistinguishable from the Republican platform. -leaned very conservative and traditional. -leaned very liberal.

leaned very conservative and traditional.

Which of the following statements about taxes based on an individual's ability to pay are accurate? -The federal income tax is a tax based on an individual's ability to pay. -Most taxes at the state level are not based on ability to pay. -Taxes based on ability to pay are benefit-based taxes. -The excise tax on gasoline is an example of a tax based on the ability to pay.

The federal income tax is a tax based on an individual's ability to pay. Most taxes at the state level are not based on ability to pay.

Interest groups such as LULAC and the NAACP most effectively achieve policy change through -Issue advertisement -Litigation -Lobbying -Electioneering.

litigation

Attempts to discuss topics of interest with a member of the legislature in an ambush-style meeting in the public hallways outside a legislative chamber is the original form of what's still known as -lobbying. -"gottcha" politics. -influence peddling. -guerrilla influence.

lobbying

During the era of labor-intensive politics, parties prepared ballots for general elections. Who or what prepares these ballots today? -The parties continue to prepare ballots for both primary and general elections. -state governments, using federal specifications -local governments, using state specifications

local governments, using state specifications

How is interest group influence weakened in competitive, two-party states? -The parties assume a greater role in recruiting and supporting candidates, replacing a vital function of interest groups. -Interest groups face reduced funding. -The parties encourage elected officials to enact legislation weakening the power of PACs and interest groups. -The parties control industries that form and fund interest groups, reducing the probability of interest group formation.

The parties assume a greater role in recruiting and supporting candidates, replacing a vital function of interest groups.

What are the two primary sources of revenue for local government in Texas? -local sales tax and property tax -income tax and state sales tax -block grants and local sales tax -property tax and state grants

local sales tax and property tax

Which of the following is not a top revenue source for Texas? -federal funding. -property taxes. -lottery revenue -sales tax

lottery revenue

Which category of Texans, by income, pays the highest amount of sales and excise taxes as a percentage of income? -second-highest 20 percent -middle 20 percent -second-lowest 20 percent -lowest 20 percent

lowest 20 percent

Special elections in Texas -may occur to fill vacancies in the Texas legislature or national House or Senate. -cannot be used to decide on amendments to the state constitution. -occur in November. -are limited to only major party candidates.

may occur to fill vacancies in the Texas legislature or national House or Senate.

In its pursuit of electioneering, an interest group's most import resource is -money. -public relations. -lobbyists. -manpower.

money

What is the most important tool for interest groups seeking to influence election outcomes? -connections -lawyers -public relations -money

money

As compared to the national average, a Texas family in the lowest 20 percent of income pays ______ of their income in taxes. -more -the same amount -less

more

Which of the following is true of the recent trend in collection of nontax revenue? - The trend in recent years has been to increase service charges and fees as a way to increase revenue and avoid raising taxes. - The trend in recent years has been to increase service charges and fees for education but to decrease them for most other state services. - The level of service charges and fees has stayed flat in recent years because legislators fear negative public reactions. - The trend in recent years has been to decrease service charges and fees as federal contributions to state revenue have increased.

The trend in recent years has been to increase service charges and fees as a way to increase revenue and avoid raising taxes.

Which of the following does not represent current Texas voter registration guidelines? -Must be a resident of the State. -Must be at least 18 years of age. -Must be registered at least 90 days before an election. -Must be a US Citizen.

must be registered at least 90 days before an election

Under current Texas lobbying rules, an individual who crosses either the "compensation and reimbursement threshold" or the "expenditure threshold" while engaged in lobbying efforts -is guilty of influence peddling. -will be banned from further lobbying efforts for the period of two years. -must register as a lobbyist with the Texas Ethics Commission. -All of these answers are correct.

must register as a lobbyist with the Texas Ethics Commission.

What is meant by the "nonrivalrous consumption" quality of a public good? -The government chooses who consumes the good, eliminating competition or rivalry for the good. -The use of a good by a person or persons does not diminish the availability of that good for others to use or enjoy. -The person or persons benefiting from the good are not aware of that benefit. -The good is something that occurs naturally; it is not something the government is capable of providing.

The use of a good by a person or persons does not diminish the availability of that good for others to use or enjoy.

How does the party structure in Texas affect interest group power and influence? -The weakened structure of party competitiveness strengthens interest group influence. -The competitive party structure of Texas weakens interest group influence. -Interest groups aligned with the Democratic Party control the state's agenda. -Interest groups aligned with the Republican Party control the state's agenda.

The weakened structure of party competitiveness strengthens interest group influence.

Can a Texas voter who voted in the primary election of one party vote in the runoff primary of the other party? -yes, if it is an open primary -yes -no, unless it was a blanket primary -no

no

Which of the following is true of party politics in Texas from the end of Reconstruction until the 1960s? -No Democrat was elected to statewide office. -The state only voted for Democratic presidential candidates. -No Republican was elected to statewide office. -Republicans were elected in large numbers to local offices only.

no Republican was elected to statewide office

Special elections to fill a vacancy in an office is -partisan -non-partisan

nonpartisan

Service charges, fees, and the lottery are sources of -income-elastic taxes. -earmarked revenue. -discretionary funding. -nontax revenue.

nontax revenue

How has the interest group tactic of entertaining legislators changed over the years? - Although all forms of entertaining legislators are prohibited by law, the practice is stronger than ever before. - There is far less provision of entertainment, food, and bribes, but it is still a key part of the process. - Interest groups are now forbidden by law from entertaining or "wining and dining" legislators. - The process of giving legislators lavish entertainment and gifts has grown dramatically in recent years.

There is far less provision of entertainment, food, and bribes, but it is still a key part of the process.

An election held in which of the following months is not considered a special election? -January -August -May -November

november

How do most modern political candidates define themselves and create an image? - They hire advertising agencies with little campaign experience for a fresh approach. - They hire political consultants to craft a message and strategy. - Most manage their own campaigns. - They rely on their political party to craft a message and strategy.

They hire political consultants to craft a message and strategy

What best describes the role of independent gubernatorial candidates in the 2006 election? - They pulled enough voters away from the Republican candidate to elect a Democrat with only a plurality. - They pulled enough voters away from the Democratic candidate to elect a Republican with only a plurality. - The near impossibility of either of the two candidates to gather enough signatures to be included led to reform.

They pulled enough voters away from the Democratic candidate to elect a Republican with only a plurality.

True or False. Texas cities have a national reputation of being well managed.

True

True or False: In 2014, there were over 1400 registered PACs in Texas.

True

True or False: In Texas, 59% of the population lives in the 10 largest urban counties.

True

True or False: Straight-ticket voting ends in Texas as of the November 2020 election.

True

True or False: The amount of money contributed by PACs from 1998 to 2014 has more than tripled.

True

True or False: To be an effective lobbyist, the individual must be an issue expert.

True

True or false: In Texas, consumers, not business, pay most of the taxes.

True

John Tower was the first Republican to hold statewide office in Texas since the 1870s when he was elected in 1961 to the -Texas house. -U.S. Senate -Texas Supreme Court. -governorship.

U.S. Senate

Which Texas electoral faction supported Dwight Eisenhower in both the 1952 and 1956 presidential elections? -minority groups -Yellow Dog Democrats -Yellow Pup Republicans -New Deal liberals

Yellow Dog Democrats

A blog called Working Families for Walmart appeared to be a grassroots effort to support the organization. What was it, in reality? -a blog authored by a public relations firm hired by Walmart -a blog started by disgruntled Walmart employees -a parody authored by anonymous sources -a smear campaign authored by Walmart competitors

a blog authored by a public relations firm hired by Walmart

What roadblock to the establishment of a personal income tax in Texas was established in 1992? -a constitutional amendment that prohibits a personal income tax -legislation requiring a constitutional amendment to initiate a personal income tax -a constitutional amendment requiring a supermajority of the legislature to enact a personal income tax -a constitutional amendment requiring voter approval before the legislature could enact a personal income tax

a constitutional amendment requiring voter approval before the legislature could enact a personal income tax

Business taxes in Texas are limited to -corporate sales taxes. -a corporate consumption tax. -a corporate investment tax. -a corporate franchise tax.

a corporate franchise tax

What is the composition of the county commissioner's court? -a three-judge panel and four county commissioners -a county judge and four county commissioners -a district clerk and four county commissioners -five county commissioners, with one member appointed county judge

a county judge and four county commissioners

An "astroturf organization" is one that lacks -a big budget. -access to media advertising. -access to legislators or leaders in the executive. -a grassroots organization.

a grassroots organization

What is a "faithless elector"? -a voter who is registered with one party but who participates in the other party's primary -a state party president who does not endorse the party's designated candidate -a governor who does not endorse the party's designated candidate -a member of the Electoral College who does not vote for his/her party's designated candidate

a member of the Electoral College who does not vote for his/her party's designated candidate

How many verifiable signatures must an independent candidate seeking statewide office secure in order to appear on the general election ballot? - a number equal to 5 percent of the votes cast in the prior election cycle - a number equal to 5 percent of the votes cast in the prior presidential election - 5,000 - a number equal to 1 percent of the votes cast in the prior governor's race

a number equal to 1 percent of the votes cast in the prior governor's race

Nonmembership organizations represent -a place. -citizens as a whole. -a single company, organization, or individual.

a single company, organization, or individual

What does a candidate need to effectively use the caucus system to win a lot of delegates to conventions? -enough money to make direct contributions to local precinct and county chairs -a strong organization of volunteers -a strong, popular agricultural policy -the ability to travel to the vast majority of precinct meetings in the state

a strong organization of volunteers

The National Rifle Association (NRA), the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), and the National Education Association (NEA) are all examples of groups that are Multiple Choice nonmembership organizations. professional associations. active on both the state and national levels. barred from financial contributions to PACs.

active on both the state and national levels

The incidence of a tax refers to the -ability of the government to collect the tax. -actual payer of the tax. -amount of money generated by a tax. -person that shifts the tax to others.

actual payer of the tax

CASA is a good example of a -Citizen -Advocacy -Cause -Mixed economic/cause

advocacy

Texas school districts are heavily dependent on revenue from -property taxes. -excise taxes. -income taxes. -sales taxes.

property taxes

Taxes that take the same percentage of income from all citizens are called __________ taxes

proportional

Often provided by the government, goods or services that are characterized by the features of non-excludability and nonrivalrous consumption are known as ____________ ___________

public goods

The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) is an example of -a nonmembership organization. -a public interest group. -a government organization. -a trade association.

public interest group

Of the following, which best describes political parties? -free agents -quasi-public agents -governmental organizations -private organizations

quasi-public agents

A lasting shift of party loyalty or attachment is known as _________

realignment

Low-income people pay the highest percentage of their income through a(n) __________ tax regime.

regressive

When individuals or groups try to secure benefits for themselves through political means, the process is called -capture. -rent seeking. -electioneering. -the iron triangle.

rent seeking

Which of the following is NOT true regarding County government? - Residents tend to identify with county government more often over city government - Ensures all towns have some form of government in place at the local level. - Is designed to perform state functions at the local level. - All 254 counties have the same basic structure, regardless of the county's size.

residents tend to identify with county government more often over city government

County government was designed to meet the needs of and provide services to a(n) ________ population. -varied -agrarian -rural -urban

rural

In Texas, education is primarily the responsibility of -the state government. -school districts. -the federal government. -county governments.

school districts

After the election of "permanent" officers, what is the most important function of the precinct convention? -passage of an issues platform -selection of candidates for local offices -selection of delegates to the county convention -nominating local delegates to the Electoral College

selection of delegates to the county convention

Through local sales taxes and local property taxes, local governments collect and pay ______ of the total taxes in Texas. -slightly over half -about 15 percent -about three-quarters -about one-quarter

slightly over half

Free public education is an example of a ______ good. -social -toll -common-pool

social

Governments provide ______ goods because there is a value to society in ensuring that everyone has access to them regardless of ability to pay. -toll -social -common-pool

social

What is the highest level of the permanent party organization? -member of the county executive committee -precinct chair -county chair -state chair

state chair

The per capita tax rate is not very informative about how much citizens actually pay because -most people refuse to disclose how much they pay in taxes. -taxes are often exported to other states. -it does not include sales taxes. -states overreport tax revenues.

states overreport tax revenues <=not

Peak business associations are interest groups that represent -statewide business interests. -national business interests. -seasonal business interests. -local business interests.

statewide business interests

Over the past ten years, the state's contribution for education has -steadily declined. -steadily increased. -become the main source of school funding. -remained steady.

steadily declined

States with ______ political parties tend to have weaker interest group influence. -weak -strong

strong

A/an ____________ ______________ organization is a series of meetings that occur every two years at the precinct, county, and state levels.

temporary party

What became the key reform movement after the decline of the Populists? -the Farmers' Alliance -the Greenback Party -the Progressive movement -the People's Party

the Progressive Movement

A major cause of the shift from Democratic to Republican dominance in Texas was -an influx of immigrants from Mexico. -the rise of straight-ticket voting. -widespread opposition to President Eisenhower. -the Republican Party becoming the more conservative party.

the Republican Party becoming the more conservative party.

What organization provides legislative staff assistance in research and information? -the Texas Legislative Budget Board -the Texas Legislative Council -the Texas Education Agency -the University of Texas, Austin

the Texas Legislative Council

In general, when the price of oil experiences a prolonged price increase, -the Texas economy improves and Texas state revenues decrease. -the Texas economy suffers and Texas state revenues increase. -the Texas economy suffers and Texas state revenues decrease. -the Texas economy improves and Texas state revenues increase.

the Texas economy improves and Texas state revenues increase.

Which type of government entity is typically most dependent on nontax revenues for provision of services? -the state -the federal government -the county -the city

the city

What catalyst did Phil Gramm use to make his conversion from Democrat to Republican? -the loss of his Budget Committee seat -the loss of his reelection campaign to the House -a massive electoral victory by Republicans in the Texas House of Representatives -a promise by the president to support him in a run for the Senate

the loss of his Budget Committee seat

When are PACs prohibited from making contributions to members of the Texas state legislature? -the period beginning 30 days before and ending 20 days after the regular session -in odd calendar years, i.e. 1971, 1973 -during the regular 140-day session only -never; they are free to contribute whenever they wish

the period beginning 30 days before and ending 20 days after the regular session

Who oversees the administration of elections to ensure that the rules are followed? -the county sheriff -the party chairs -the party executive committees -the secretary of state

the secretary of state

One way that historical political parties consolidated power was through appointing faithful party members to government jobs, also known as -the spoils system. -the merit system. -the caucus system. -the party boss system.

the spoils system

What was the chief cause of the incredibly high turnout in the 2008 precinct conventions for the Democratic Party? -the general dissatisfaction with the previous eight years of Republican presidential rule -the passage of new voting rules for convention delegates -a growing policy schism between conservative and liberal wings of the Democratic Party -the tight competition between Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton

the tight competition between Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton

As of 2017, where did the franchise fee rate in terms of revenue sources for Texas? -third-largest source of tax revenue -one of the smallest sources of state tax revenue -next-largest source of tax revenue after property taxes -largest source of tax revenue

third-largest source of tax revenue

What is the chief goal of grassroots lobbying efforts by interest groups? -to mobilize supporters to advocate for their organization -to sway voters toward one major party or the other -to influence which candidates stand for election -to influence which candidates the public votes for

to mobilize supporters to advocate for their organization

What is the primary distinction between trade associations and peak business organizations? -Peak business organizations represent white-collar industries while trade associations represent blue-collar trades. -Trade associations represent more specific business interests such as the oil industry. -Trade associations offer more benefits to members. -Trade associations focus on state issues while peak business organizations devote their resources to national policy.

trade associations represent more specific business interests such as the oil industry.

True or False: Eleven states and Washington DC allow voters to register the same day as the election.

true

In Texas, PAC contributions are -unlimited. -limited to $2000 per candidate per election. -limited to $1000 per candidate per election. -limited to $5000 per candidate per election.

unlimited

Organized labor in Texas is -very weak. -modestly weak. -quite strong. -very strong.

very weak

Texas is sometimes considered a semi-open primary state because -all candidates from both parties appear on the same ballot. -voters can switch parties between offices on the primary ballot. -voters must pick from only one party's candidates when attending a primary. -voters cannot cross party lines after having declared a party at the primary.

voters must pick from only one party's candidates when attending a primary.

In Texas, when is a runoff primary required? -when the winner of the first primary is disqualified -when there is only a .02 percent difference in total votes for the top two candidates -when no candidate receives a majority of votes -when no candidate receives a plurality of votes

when no candidate receives a majority of votes

When must voters declare their party affiliation in a closed primary system? -on the day of the primary -It is declared for them based on who they vote for. -when they register to vote -never

when they register to vote

Texans become party members when -they register to vote and declare party affiliation. -they vote in the party's primary election. -they register with the party and pay the required dues. -they attend a party convention.

when they vote in the party's primary election

The franchise fee does not extract money from taxable businesses -with revenues of $300,000 or less. -that conduct business in multiple states. -with revenues of $100,00 or less. -that provide a class of services deemed essential to the "public good."

with revenues of $300,000 or less

A good is said to be nonexclusive if -you cannot practically prevent people from receiving it. -your enjoyment of that good doesn't diminish availability to others. -you can separate those who pay for the good from those who do not. -you must compete for the good.

you cannot practically prevent people from receiving it.

Which of the following does not accurately reflect the Texas Libertarian Party Platform? -The Party opposes the War on Drugs. -Consenting adults should not be restricted in possessing or consuming drugs for recreational purposes. -Individuals seeking or providing medical treatment for drug use should not be subject to prosecution. -Medicinal marijuana is the only substance that should be marketed without criminal prosecution.

Medicinal marijuana is the only substance that should be marketed without criminal prosecution

Which of the following is not true regarding special purpose districts in Texas? -Members are elected in partisan elections. -Primarily created to provide a service no other unit of government exists to provide. -Have taxation authority and can raise property taxes. -Texas has approximately 2600.

Members are elected in partisan elections

Which of the following is not true regarding Texas independent school districts? -The superintendent is in charge of running the school district on a day to day basis. -ISDs are governed by a Board of Trustees. -The Superintendent is hired by the Board of Trustees and can be removed by the Board of Trustees. -Members of the Board of Trustee hold a bachelors degree or higher.

Members of the Board of Trustee hold a bachelors degree or higher.

True or False: In the 2016 election, Republican Donald Trump received 60% of the popular voted in Texas.

false

True or False: When looking at how "Red" Texas is, it received a ranking of 59%.

false

Health and human services in Texas is funded mostly by -the state sales tax. -discretionary spending set by the legislature. -revenue from counties and municipalities. -federal grants to the state.

federal grants to the state

True or False: Members of the Board of Trustees for Texas ISDs are elected in nonpartisan elections.

true

True or False: The mayor is an always elected at large elected position.

true

True or False: Today, traditional industries such as cotton and cattle continue to wield power over policy.

true

True or false: In 1990, Ann Richards would be the last Democrat to be elected to the Governor's office.

true

True or false: In terms of the items funded, the pattern of expenditures in Texas is similar to most states.

true

True or false: Nonmembership organizations do not have broad-based citizen support. True

true

True or false: The amount of tax money available in any given state depends on the wealth of the citizens of that state.

true

What is the most common form of political participation? -signing a petition -voting -attending a rally -financial contributions

voting

In order to sign a petition to get an independent candidate on the ballot, a person must -be registered as an Independent. -be a registered voter. -have participated in both a primary and the general election in the previous electoral cycle. -not have participated in the primary elections of other parties in that electoral cycle.

-be a registered voter -not have participated in the primary elections of other parties in that electoral cycle

In Texas's voting system, voters can do which of the following? -cross party lines after a primary is over -change their party affiliation when they receive a new registration card -decline to declare a party when registering -decline to choose a party in a primary

-cross party lines after a primary is over -change their party affiliation when they receive a new registration card

Which of the following could benefit the Democratic Party's attempt to "Turn Texas Blue"? -ineligibility of many Latinos to vote -the party's social conservatism -demographic realities -influx of in-migrants from other states -support from the pro-business lobby

-demographic realities -influx of in-migrants from other states

Which of the following are common techniques used by political campaign consultants? -designing visual advertisements -performing public opinion polling -running focus groups -orchestrating party raiding

-designing visual advertisements -performing public opinion polling -running focus groups

The three items that consume the majority of the budget in most states are which of the following? -public safety -education -environmental protection -transportation -health and welfare

-education -transportation -health and welfare

Which of the following is a special election? -election to decide amendments to the state constitution -election to fill a vacancy when only one contest is on the ballot -school board election -election that happens when no person receives a majority in the primary election

-election to decide amendments to the state constitution -election to fill a vacancy when only one contest is on the ballot -school board election

Most states have laws regulating what activity by interest groups? -lobbying -making financial contributions to political campaigns -designing issue advertisements -recruiting group membership

-lobbying -making financial contributions to political campaigns

Which of the following has become increasingly dependent on the property tax in Texas? -federal government -state government -local governments -transit authorities -school districts

-local governments -school districts

What are the three types of agricultural interest groups in Texas? -those that represent general farming interests -those that represent Texas in international trade and tariff discussions -those that represent suppliers -those that represent commodity groups

-those that represent general farming interests -those that represent suppliers -those that represent commodity groups

In terms of total dollars in the state budget, the various service charges and fees in Texas provide ______ percent of total state revenue. -25 -15 -35 -5

15

In the 2014 election, PACs donated just of $__________ million. -51 -68 -99 -159

159

in Texas, early voting begins _____ days before the election day and closes 4 days before election day. -30 -17 -21 -12

17

Early voting in Texas begins ____ days before an election and closes ______ days before the election.

17, 4

About 4.7 million Texans voted in the 2014 governor's race. How many signatures would an independent statewide candidate need in order to appear on the 2016 general election ballot? -470,000 -4,700 -47,000 -The 2014 race does not affect the 2016 requirement.

47,000

Texas is required to use a bilingual ballot for all elections in counties that contain more than ________ percent Spanish-speaking voting-age citizens. -20 -15 -5 -10

5

To qualify for minor-party status, a party must have won at least ________ of the votes in a race for statewide office in the last general election. -1 percent -5 percent -2 percent -3 percent

5 percent

To maintain ballot status in Texas, a third party must garner at least ________ of the vote in a statewide election. -0.5 percent -1.5 percent -2.0 percent -5.0 percent

5.0

Average voter turnout in Texas in a presidential election year averages ____%. -30 -70 -60 -50

50%

Why is there relatively little factional infighting in the current Democratic Party? -Democratic leaders have forced ideological purity on the party in hopes of a more coordinated electoral strategy. -Most conservative Democrats left for the Republican Party. -The former moderate wing of the party is essentially the only faction left in the Texas Democratic Party. -Democrats have accepted the fact that Texas is and will remain a "red" state.

Most conservative Democrats left for the Republican Party.

Which of the following statements about the success or lack of success of third parties is correct? -No third-party candidate has ever won the presidency or the Texas governorship. -A third-party candidate has won the presidency but has never won the Texas governorship. -Third-party candidates have won both the presidency and the Texas governorship. -Third-party candidates have won the Texas governorship, but not the presidency.

No third-party candidate has ever won the presidency or the Texas governorship

Texas candidates receive most of their campaign funding in the form of contributions from -political parties. -wealthy individuals. -corporations. -PACs.

PACs

How has PAC influence affected candidates' party loyalty? -PACs have decreased loyalty to parties since they finance races and help candidates much like parties do. -PACs have enhanced party loyalty because they support party activities. -PACs have eliminated party loyalty because they are so much -better funded than parties. -PACs have no overall effect on party loyalty.

PACs have decreased loyalty to parties since they finance races and help candidates much like parties do.

In what way has the role of political parties changed since the era of labor-intensive politics? -Parties must prepare ballots according to state specifications. -Parties are now required to designate a slate of candidates for office. -Parties have become solely responsible for managing candidates' campaigns. -Parties are no longer solely in charge of the purse strings of candidates' campaigns.

Parties are no longer solely in charge of the purse strings of candidates' campaigns.

Conservative talk radio host Rush Limbaugh's Operation Chaos, which encouraged Republicans to vote for Hilary Clinton in Democratic primaries to weaken then-candidate Barack Obama, is an example of __________ ______________.

Party raiding

After a falling out with the Democratic Party, _________ ____________ resigned his congressional seat and was reelected in a special election in 1981 as a Republican.

Phil Gramm

An organization that collects and distributes money to candidates is known as a(n) -interest group. -political action committee. -issue network. -political party.

Political Action Committee

Most of the money used in political campaigns comes from -political action committees. -individual contributions. -political party war chests. -federal matching funds.

Political Action Committees

Which of the following offices is elected in an at large election? -Rail Road Commissioners -Texas State House member -Texas State Senate member -County Commissioners

Rail Road Commissioners

Phil Gramm was elected to the House of Representatives as a Democrat, but he soon began to lean toward the Republicans partly through his close relationship to which president? -Carter -Bush -Nixon -Reagan

Reagan

When was the first period of one-party Republican politics in Texas? -Reconstruction -the roaring '20s -the Republican revolution of the 1990s -the gay '90s

Reconstruction

Which of the following is true of campaign finance regulation in Texas? - Since the 2010 Citizens United decision, unions in Texas have been able to establish a PAC for electioneering purposes. - Texas lacks laws that enforce transparency on PACs with respect to disclosure of their donors. - The Texas Ethics Commission has often been criticized for enforcing campaign finance laws too rigidly. - The Citizens United decision invalidated the Texas law prohibiting direct campaign contributions by unions and corporations.

Since the 2010 Citizens United decision, unions in Texas have been able to establish a PAC for electioneering purposes.

Which of the following is not an example of a state and local interest group? -Texas Municipal League -Texas Association of School Boards -Texas Police Chiefs Association -State Board of Education

State Board of Education

The time and method of conducting primary elections in Texas is set by the -state chairpersons for each party. -governor. -major political parties. -Texas Election Code.

Texas Election Code

Which of the following is an example of a specialized "educational" association? -Texas State Teachers Association -National Education Association -Association of Texas Professional Educators -Texas High School Coaches Association

Texas High School Coaches Association

Which of the following is a SLIG? -Texas Medical Association -Texas Automobile Dealers Association -Texas Municipal League -Texas Farm Bureau

Texas Municipal League

Today the regulation of campaign finances in Texas is limited to the requirement that all candidates and PACs file reports with the -U.S. Department of Justice. -Texas Elections Board. -Texas secretary of state. -Texas State Ethics Commission.

Texas State Ethics Commission

Which of the following is elected in a single member district election. -Sheriff -County Judge -Texas State House Member -Lt. Governor

Texas State House Member

Which of the following statements is not true regarding unions in Texas? - According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, as of 2017 only 4.7% of wage and salaried employees in Texas belong to labor unions. - Texas law protections the right of public employees to strike so that employment conditions and be negotiated between employer and employee. - As a "right to work state", employees cannot be required to join the union as a condition of employment. - While private sector labor unions exist, they are not powerful and represent only a small fraction of workers.

Texas law protections the right of public employees to strike so that employment conditions and be negotiated between employer and employee.

The process in which policy is created through the combined efforts of interest groups, a state agency, and a legislative committee is called -"strange bedfellows." -capture. -entrapment. -the "Iron Triangle."

The "Iron Triangle"

Which of the following is true of the Libertarian Party in Texas? - Many voters who adhere to libertarian philosophies vote regularly with the Democratic Party in Texas. - The Libertarian Party regularly gets a large margin of the vote in Texas state elections. - With the increased conservatism of the state, it is likely that the Libertarian Party is soon to become an electoral force in Texas. - The Libertarian Party has consistently maintained its status as a minority party guaranteeing its candidates' appearance on the ballot.

The Libertarian Party has consistently maintained its status as a minority party guaranteeing its candidates' appearance on the ballot.

Which statement best describes economic activity in Texas? -The oil and energy industries dominate the Texas economy. -The Texas economy is highly diversified, with a strong presence in several industries. -Texas relies on high-tech industries for economic growth. -Agricultural interests such as cotton and ranching dominate the Texas economy.

The Texas economy is highly diversified, with a strong presence in several industries.

How does economic diversity affect interest group power in Texas? -Texas has few interest groups and associations. -The diversified economy has increased the number of interest groups, thus diluting the groups' power. -The diversified economy opens the door for united interests such as the energy industry to dominate state politics. -Economic diversity discourages interest group formation and advocacy in the first place.

The diversified economy has increased the number of interest groups, thus diluting the groups' power.

How does the state's government structure alter the operations of interest groups in Texas? -The groups focus their attention on the leadership of the state agency regulating their industry. -The groups spend most of their time persuading the public and the court system. -The groups focus on lobbying the governor and executive appointees. -The groups focus exclusively on the state legislature.

The groups focus their attention on the leadership of the state agency regulating their industry.

Which of the following is true of dedicated and nondedicated revenue in Texas? -The low overall percentage of nondedicated revenue compared to dedicated revenue limits the capacity for budget changes. -Constitutional amendments to make budget changes by changing levels of dedicated revenue are relatively easy to pass compared to other constitutional amendments. -Nondedicated revenue is largely earmarked by constitutional provision. -Dedicated revenue is also known as discretionary funding.

The low overall percentage of nondedicated revenue compared to dedicated revenue limits the capacity for budget changes.

Which of the following does not reflect the Council-Manager for of government: - The mayor always has veto power over the council. - While the City Manager will likely have a master's degree, this is not necessarily true for the Mayor and City Council. - The Mayor and City Council pass ordinances, approve new projects and ratify the budget. - The City Manger is hired by the city council to oversee the day to day management of the city.

The mayor always has veto power over the council.

Which requirement must a political party meet to be considered a major party according to the Texas Election Code? - The party's nominee for governor received at least 20 percent of all votes cast during the prior election cycle. - The party holds at least one statewide position. - The party has at least 10,000 registered members in the state. - At least 500,000 voters cast ballots in the party primary during the prior election cycle.

The party's nominee for governor received at least 20 percent of all votes cast during the prior election cycle.

Which of the following statements about special district governments in Texas is accurate? -Due to its individualistic culture, Texas has relatively few special district governments compared to most states. -The primary reason for their existence is to fill service gaps left by other units of government. -They are all governed by a board of directors that voters elect. -They are necessary but are often the least efficient and expedient way to solve a problem.

The primary reason for their existence is to fill service gaps left by other units of government

How does the party structure in Texas affect interest group power and influence? -Interest groups aligned with the Democratic Party control the state's agenda. -The competitive party structure of Texas weakens interest group -influence. -Interest groups aligned with the Republican Party control the state's agenda. -The weakened structure of party competitiveness strengthens interest group influence.

The weakened structure of party competitiveness strengthens interest group influence.

Which of the following is an example of tax shifting? -The legislature votes to increase the cigarette tax. -A wealthy school district is required to give some of its tax revenue to a poorer school district. -A landlord raises the rent after his property taxes go up. -A waitress does not report the cash tips she received as income.

a landlord raises the rent after his property taxes go up

What issue may make liberal Democrats like Wendy Davis especially unattractive to socially conservative Hispanics? -abortion rights -environmental activism -gay marriage -health care

abortion rights

Which of the following helps increase voter turnout in an election? -party competition in a district -party competition -closeness of the election -All of these answers are correct.

all of these answers are correct

Which of the following is a consumer tax? -motor vehicle sales tax -All of these answers are correct. -sales tax -tobacco tax

all of these answers are correct

Public goods and services can be provided to citizens by -state government. -local government. -all of these can provide goods and services. -private sector

all of these can provide goods and services

In 2016, Texas voters elected - all the members of the Texas House of Representatives and half the members of the Texas Senate. - all the members of the Texas House of Representatives and all the members of the Texas Senate. - half the members of the Texas House of Representatives and all the members of the Texas Senate. - half the members of the Texas House of Representatives and half the members of the Texas Senate.

all the members of the Texas House of Representatives and half the members of the Texas Senate.

To win the primary, a candidate must receive -an absolute majority -the largest percentage of the vote

an absolute majority

In Texas, who can early vote? -Only those in the military -Any person who will be out of the state during the elections. -Anyone -Any one approved by the county registrar

anyone

In a strong mayor city, the mayor -has term limits. -has very limited control over the budget. -appoints major department heads. -hires the city manager.

appoints major department heads

Municipal elections in Texas -have high turnout. -are nonpartisan. -receive a large amount of media coverage. -must be held during presidential election years.

are nonpartisan

Political parties in the United States -are strong and unified nationally. -only work to get state-level positions filled. -are very state-oriented and act mostly independently. -are weak but unified nationally.

are very state-oriented and act mostly independently

Which level of government is most heavily dependent on service charges and fees to finance their services? -county -federal -city -state

city

John Tower was the first Texas Republican to -publicly endorse a Democratic presidential candidate. -be elected to statewide office since the era of Democratic dominance began. -be elected to national office since the era of Democratic dominance began. -be elected to national office by a wide majority of the electorate.

be elected to statewide office since the era of Democratic dominance began.

In Texas a felon -Can register to vote upon being paroled. -Can register to vote after the felony sentence is served completely. -Loses their right to vote forever. -Can register to vote three years after the sentence has been served in full.

can register to vote after the felony sentence is served completely

In ______ politics, prospective officeholders tend to emphasize their own characteristics and backgrounds rather than an association with a major political party. -realignment -straight-ticket -conservative -candidate-centered

candidate-centered

The situation in which a state agency falls under the heavy influence of its constituency interest groups is called -an Iron Triangle. -capture. -rent seeking. -astroturf.

capture

When the relationship between a state agency and an interest group becomes very close, it is referred to as -entrapment. -"strange bedfellows." -the "Iron Triangle." -capture.

capture

When the relationship between a state agency and an interest group becomes very close, it is referred to as -the "Iron Triangle." -"strange bedfellows." -capture. -entrapment.

capture

The system to determine party nomination in which party members gather to publicly declare which candidate they support is called a -cloture. -primary. -convention. -caucus.

caucus

In states without presidential preference primaries, precinct conventions, otherwise known as ______, take on greater significance. -state conventions -primary elections -caucuses -closed primaries

caucuses

What are the most common special elections in Texas? -mayoral elections in November -single contest elections not held in November -amendments to the constitution -city council and mayoral elections not held in November

city council and mayoral elections not held in November

Under the council-manager form of government, how is the city manager selected? -nonpartisan election -partisan election -mayoral appointment -city council appointment

city council appointment

If you selected any city in Texas at random, what governmental form would you LEAST likely find? -council-manager -weak mayor-council -strong mayor-council -commission

commission

The majority of tax revenue in Texas comes from -property taxes. -income taxes. -franchise taxes. -consumer taxes.

consumer taxes

Which of the elected officials manages county records, such as marriage license, birth certificates and property deeds? -County Judge -County Clerk -District Clerk -County Auditor

county clerk

In Texas, citizens can be excluded from all of the following for nonpayment, EXCEPT for -electricity. -education. -toll roads. -parks.

education

Texas political parties hold state conventions -every year -every 2 years -every 3 years -every 4 years

every 2 years

Communication with the general public that attempts to influence legislation by expressing a view about that legislation and urging the public to act is known as -electioneering. -volunteer lobbying. -citizen lobbying. -grassroots lobbying.

grassroots lobbying

What is the primary goal of lobbying? -shifting money from federal to state programs -influencing the outcome of political campaigns -influencing members of the legislature -swaying public opinion

influencing members of the legislature

Local governments collect and pay for ________ the cost of government in Texas. -about one-quarter -just over one-half -just over three-quarters -about one-third

just over one half

All of the following contribute to legislative professionalism EXCEPT -more staff support. -limited sessions. -higher pay. -longer sessions.

limited sessions

Taxes in Texas are considered regressive because -the same percentage of income is taken from all citizens. -the percentage of income taken depends on a citizen's age. -low-income persons pay a higher percentage of their income. -high-income persons pay a higher percentage of their income.

low-income persons pay a higher percentage of their income.

A candidate who is listed on the general election ballot as a Libertarian is considered -a write-in candidate. -a caucus candidate. -an independent candidate. -a minor party candidate.

minor party candidate

Roughly what proportion of the Texas state budget comes from the federal government? -two-thirds -one-third -one-half -one-quarter

one-third

"Values voters" would be most likely to vote to support which of the following? -gay marriage -women's rights -gun control -prayer in schools

prayer in schools

In Texas, how are public sector employee organizations classified, due to their inability to engage in collective bargaining? -trade associations -state and local associations -professional associations -`labor unions

professional associations

What has replaced political parties when it comes to running political campaigns in some cases? -Political Action Committees -interest groups -professional campaign consultants -nothing; political parties still run campaigns

professional campaign consultants

The primary source of revenue for counties is -state block grants. -property tax. -sales tax. -income tax.

property tax

Which of the following is the primary goal of most state and local interest groups? -lobbying state officials -lobbying federal officials -protecting local interests from state activities -winning federal grant money for local projects

protecting local interests from state activites

What is the primary goal of retail trade associations? -protecting their trades from undesirable state regulation -promoting a favorable business climate in the state -representing the interests of professionals -representing the rights of retail workers

protecting their trades from undesirable state regulation

Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), the AARP, and the National Rifle Association are all examples of which interest group type? -public interest -political interest -religious interest -racial and ethnic interest

public interest

The goal of ________ is to create a favorable public image for the group while moving public opinion on a specific issue. -mass mailings -positive media coverage -public relations activities -a focus group

public relations activities

All of the following are lobbying tactics EXCEPT Multiple Choice testifying before a legislative committee. encouraging interest group members to contact legislators about a bill. publishing a newsletter to keep interest group members informed. working with legislators to draft bills.

publishing a newsletter to keep interest group members informed.

Research suggests that when interest groups have submitted amicus briefs, they have been ______ in swaying courts. -quite effective -marginally effective -mostly unsuccessful -ultimately unsuccessful

quite effective

What term is used by political scientists to refer to a lasting shift in party allegiances or electoral support? -reorganization -reconstruction -realignment -transference

realignment

Which of the following is used in Texas? -Recall elections -Referendum on Constitutional Amendments only -Initiative for State laws only -Referendum on State Laws only

referendum on constitutional amendments only

The Federal Voting Rights Act -lowered the voting age to 18. -gave women the right to vote. -requires all voters to show some form of identification. -requires bilingual ballots in certain precincts.

requires bilingual ballots in certain precincts

The Texas Automobile Association seeks to protect and promote the interests of its member businesses that are involved in the sales of goods and services and thus is an example of a -professional association. -nonmembership organization. -retail trade association. -peak business association.

retail trade association

The Texas Apartment Association, the Texas Restaurant Association, and the Beer Alliance of Texas are all examples of -professional associations. -retail trade groups. -peak business associations. -nonmembership organizations.

retail trade groups

Vicente Gonzales, who became the U.S. Representative for Texas's 15th Congressional District in 2016, received most (76 percent) of his funding from -self-financing. -small-money donations. -a single PAC. -three PACs.

self financing

Which primary format allows voters to register or change their party affiliation on Election Day? -semi-open -open -closed -semi-closed

semi-closed

Because it restricts voters to a certain degree, Texas's open primary system resembles a ______ primary system. -semi-closed -blanket -closed -semi-open

semi-open

By definition, Texas conducts which type of primary election? -fully open -semi-closed -closed -semi-open

semi-open

The Republic of Texas's constitution did not allow presidents to ______, leading to elections that revolved around personalities. -align themselves with a party -campaign -serve consecutive terms -serve more than four years in total

serve consecutive terms

For most taxes, showing direct benefit is problematic. Benefit received is more applicable to which of the following? -service charges or fees -value added taxes -intangible consumer benefits -sales taxes

service charges or fees

Which of the elected officials is considered the top law enforcement officer for the county? -District Attorney -Sheriff -Constable -County Judge

sheriff

Which of the following characterizes the role of the lottery in the Texas state budget? -small but growing in significance -large and increasing in significance -small and will never be significant -large but decreasing in significance

small and will never be significant

Today, elections are dominated by issues of what type? -defense -foreign relations -social -fiscal

social

______ goods are goods and services that the public sector often provides, meaning they are exclusive and can be exhausted. -Common-pool -Toll -Social

social

Goods and services that are exclusive and can be exhausted, and are provided by both the private sector and government, are called -pure public goods. -social goods. -common-pool goods. -toll goods.

social goods

In which type of city government does the mayor control the budget? -weak mayor -strong mayor -council-manager -commission

strong mayor

In terms of leadership and organization, the Texas Municipal League draws strength from its -loose-knit and flexible membership. -strong, proactive legislative committee. -involvement of key members on every decision and action. -quick adoption of stands on key legislative items.

strong, proactive legislative committee. quick adoption of stands on key legislative items.

Peak business organizations focus on which of the following goals? representing a specific profession that typically requires a state license or certification representing small businesses with a local or municipal focus supporting legislation that would foster a "good business climate" in Texas protecting the collective bargaining rights of members

supporting legislation that would foster a "good business climate" in Texas

Ideally, a state's tax effort will equal its -nontax revenue. -per capita tax. -tax capacity. -tax incidence.

tax capacity

Which of the following is the measure of the wealth of a state or its ability to raise revenues relative to all other states? -tax exporting -tax base -tax capacity -tax effort

tax capacity

The budget shortfalls of the 1980s in Texas were caused by drops in oil prices and were worsened by the state's -tax structure. -legislative logjams. -increased expenditures. -expanding property taxes.

tax structure

What is the primary source of revenue for state governments? -taxes on corporations -taxes on citizens -federal grants -service charges or fees

taxes on citizens

The primary source of revenue for state governments is -service charges. -taxes paid by citizens. -fees. -funding by the federal government.

taxes paid by citizens

The situation of individuals receiving the benefits of collective action without contributing is known as -the "welfare state." -the "free-rider problem." -"benefit stealing." -"coattailing."

the "free-rider" problem

________ is the law in Texas that forbids candidates defeated in the primary election from filing to run as independents in the general election. -The "can't lose twice" law -The "once bitten, twice shy" law -Double jeopardy -The "sore loser" law

the "sore loser" law

Although introduced during the Progressive Era, the direct primary was widely adopted by the national parties after what disastrous event? -the 1968 Democratic Convention -the wholesale arrest of New York's municipal Republican officials under corruption charges -the assassination of President James Garfield -the elevation to the 1962 national Republican ballot of a completely unqualified roster of candidates for national office

the 1968 Democratic Convention

What party dominated Texas politics for roughly 100 years following Reconstruction? -the Republican Party -the Democratic Party -the Progressive Party -the Libertarian Party

the Democratic Party

The Texas Election Code decides many aspects of party activity, but especially -the amount of research a party can do on registered voters. -the eligibility of candidates for office. -the conduct of primary elections. -the level of resources a party can apply to campaigning.

the conduct of primary elections

What is a drawback of heavy campaign use of the Internet to communicate with likely voters? -the digital divide -It targets too large a pool of voters. -expense -It may break campaign election laws.

the digital divide

On what day do Texans vote for who will represent them in the United States Congress? -the first Tuesday in November of all odd-numbered years -the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of all odd-numbered years -the first Tuesday in November of all even-numbered years -the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of all even-numbered years

the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of all even-numbered years

Interest groups within a state tend to be less powerful when -the economy is dominated by a few industries. -government structure is fragmented. -the legislature is professional. -political parties are weak.

the legislature is professional.

The state party chair is selected by -the state convention. -the national party chair. -the state's top ranking office holder. -mail-in ballots from all precinct chairs.

the state convention

Vicente Gonzalez and Tony Sanchez are examples of candidates who got most of their campaign financing from what uncommon source? -super PACs -individual donors online -PACs -themselves by self-financing

themselves by self-financing

What was the direct primary designed to accomplish? -to give local municipal party leaders a bigger say in the selection of candidates -to allow non-party members to have a direct say in the selection of candidates -to force party members to openly declare their support for a candidate -to allow voters, rather than party bosses, to select candidates for office

to allow voters, rather than party bosses, to select candidates for office

Goods like bridges and roads that are exclusive but not nonexhaustive are known as _____ goods. -toll -common-pool -social

toll

Goods where non-payers can effectively be prevented from utilizing but use does not reduce the benefit to other people are called -toll goods. -pure public goods. -common-pool goods. -social goods.

toll goods

The Texas Trucking Association is an example of a _____________ association. -business -professional -trade -retail

trade

The Good Roads Association is an example of a(n) ________ __________ because it represents the specific business interests of highway contractors.

trade association

The state of Texas's history of restricting access to voting is very much in keeping with its -individualistic political culture. -moralistic political culture. -traditionalistic political culture. -states' rights political culture.

traditionalistic political culture