GOVT 300

1. A 99% confidence interval is the region: a. that you are 99% confident includes the true population mean b. that you are 1% confident includes the true population mean c. that includes 49% of the scores below the point estimate of the mean and 50% of the scores above the point estimate of the mean d. that includes 50% of the scores below the point

A

10. When an increase in one variable is related to a decrease in another, there is a _______________ relationship a. negative b. strong c. weak d. positive

A

13. The of a relationship addresses the question: When the independent variable increases, does the dependent variable increase or decrease? a. form b. existence c. degree d. function

A

3. Type II error is: a. failing to reject a false null hypothesis b. rejecting a true null hypothesis c. hypothesizing the wrong direction for the test d. miscalculating the standard error

A

4. Type II error is: a. failing to reject a false null hypothesis b. rejecting a true null hypothesis c. hypothesizing the wrong direction for the test d. miscalculating the standard error

A

5. The of a relationship addresses the question: When the independent variable increases, does the dependent variable increase or decrease? a. form b. statistical significance c. degree d. alpha

A

6. In a hypothesis test, if p is greater than alpha, we would: a. fail to reject the null hypothesis b. recalculate the standard error c. change the level of significance d. reject the null hypothesis

A

7. The preference for economy and simplicity over complexity, exemplified in the statement: "The simplest solution is the best," is called: a. parsimony b. diminutive sampling c. oversimplification d. reductionism

A

9. The of a relationship addresses the question: When the independent variable increases, does the dependent variable increase or decrease? a. form b. statistical significance c. degree d. alpha

A

1. All of the following are true for the ttest for independent means, EXCEPT: a. population variances are estimated from the information in the sample of scores actually studied b. pretest-posttest experimental designs are common c. the population means are unknown d. the sample scores (in some form) are eventually compared to a t distribution

B

12. A researcher is looking at a cross-tabulation table prior to testing for statistical significance. They observe that the table has 5 columns and 3 rows. How many degrees of freedom does this table have? a. 5 b. 8 c. 15 d. Too little information provided to determine

B

2. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) differs from a test for independent means (t test) in that an ANOVA: a. is usually used to compare the means of two groups but a t test is used to compare three groups b. is used to compare the means of three or more groups whereas a t test is used to compare two groups c. is conducted before the experiment whereas a t test is conducted after the experiment d. figures variances as part of the analysis whereas a t test does not figure variances

B

6. If we observe that as the values of the independent variable increase, the dependent variable decrease, we would say that there is a _______________ relationship a. significant b. negative c. spurious d. positive

B

7. The same table is used to find both the positive and negative Z-scores. This is possible because a normal distribution is: a. bimodal b. symmetrical in shape c. both left and right skewed d. asymptotic in shape

B

9. The degrees of freedom for the chi-square test is: a. the number of categories minus one b. the number of columns minus one, times the number of rows minus one c. the total number of category levels minus one d. the number of people minus the number of cells

B

9. The of a relationship addresses the question: Can we infer that the relationship observed in the sample probably also exists in the population? a. form b. significance c. degree d. function

B

1. A sociologist finds that, on average, an additional year of education is associated with an additional $1,000 in income per year. This is an expression of a. the strength of the relationship b. the existence of the relationship c. the slope of the regression line d. a and b e. b and c

C

10. As the difference between the observed and expected frequencies increases, the Chi-square statistic: a. decreases b. inverts c. increases d. attenuates

C

10. When conducting an independent samples ttest, the dependent variable is typically of what level of measurement? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval/ratio d. any of the above

C

11. A researcher is looking at a cross-tabulation table prior to testing for statistical significance. They observe that the table has 6 columns and 4 rows. How many degrees of freedom does this table have? a. 24 b. 10 c. 15 d. Too little information provided to determine

C

15. In difference of means tests, the dependent variable is typically of what level of measurement? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval/ratio d. any of the above

C

3. In ANOVA, if the ratio of explained mean square errors to unexplained mean square errors is relatively high, the relationship between group membership and the dependent variable is likely a. negative b. insignificant c. significant d. positive

C

4. A sociologist finds that, on average, an additional year of education is associated with an additional $1,000 in income per year. This is an expression of a. the strength of the relationship b. the existence of the relationship c. the slope of the regression line d. a and b e. b and c

C

5. You conduct a t test for independent means and reject the null hypothesis. This means that: a. the samples were from populations that were actually dependent rather than independent b. the variance of one sample is so much larger than the variance of the other sample that you decide that the variances of the parent populations must not have been the same c. the mean of one sample is so far from the mean of the other sample that you decide the samples must come from populations with different means d. the mean of one sample is statistically the same as the mean

C

7. A researcher is looking at a cross-tabulation table prior to testing for statistical significance. They observe that the table has 4 columns and 3 rows. How many degrees of freedom does this table have? a. 12 b. 7 c. 6 d. Too little information provided to determine

C

8. Researchers use a test-retest experimental design, where a variable is measured twice for the same individuals with some type of intervention employed between test times. They are likely to use what kind of bivariate statistical test? a. analysis of variance b. a two-group difference of means test for independent samples c. a two-group difference of means test for paired samples d. a single sample means test

C

8. The of a relationship addresses the question: How effectively do values of the independent variable predict the values of the dependent variable? a. form b. statistical significance c. degree d. alpha

C

11. When an increase in one variable is related to an increase in another, there is a _______________ relationship a. negative b. strong c. weak d. positive

D

14. The regression line is a. the summary of X and Y coordinates b. the correlation c. the ANOVA line d. the line of best fit among the coordinates of X and Y e. the mean line

D

14. The regression line is a. the summary of X and Y coordinates b. the correlation c. the point where the mean of X and the mean of Y cross d. the line of best fit among the coordinates of X and Y e. the mean line

D

15. In a ttest, the independent variable is at which level of measurement? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval/ratio d. dichotomy

D

2. In a study with 15 degrees of freedom, what would be your cutoff score for a t distribution using a twotailed test at the .01 level of significance? a. 2.603 b. 1.753 c. 2.132 d. 2.947

D

2. To say one variable is a good predictor of another means that a. they are positively related b. their variances are equal c. there is a non-linear relationship between them d. the measurements of one variable consistently fluctuate with those of the other

D

3. The main idea of a chi-square test is that you: a. test the estimated degree of fit (proportion of variance accounted for) of one variable to the other variable. b. compare the population means to see if they vary from each other more than by chance. c. compare population variances, to see if they vary from each other more than by chance. d. test how well the pattern of observed frequencies fits some expected pattern of frequencies.

D

4. In a hypothesis test, if p is less than alpha, we would: a. fail to reject the null hypothesis b. recalculate the standard error c. change the level of significance d. reject the null hypothesis

D

5. The calculation of the Chi-square statistic is based on measuring the differences between the in a crosstab table. a. marginal totals b. marginal totals and grand total c. grand total and the degrees of freedom d. observed frequencies and the expected frequencies

D

6. In a hypothesis test, if p is less than alpha, we would: a. fail to reject the null hypothesis b. recalculate the standard error c. change the level of significance d. reject the null hypothesis

D

12. When testing a hypothesis about the relationship between two interval/ratio variables, the direction of the relationship is addressed by observing a. the sign (+ or -) of r b. the sign (+ or -) of b c. r 2 d. all of the above e. a and b

E

13. When testing a hypothesis about the relationship between two interval/ratio variables, the direction of the relationship is addressed by observing a. the sign (+ or -) of r b. the sign (+ or -) of b c. r 2 d. all of the above e. a and b

E

8. When testing a hypothesis about the relationship between two interval/ratio variables, the direction of the relationship is addressed by observing a. the sign (+ or -) of r b. the sign (+ or -) of b c. r 2 d. all of the above e. a and b

E