Greek vs. Roman Gods

Athena/Minerva

Both Athena and Minerva were the goddesses of tactical war, arts, and crafts. However, Minerva was more associated with the arts and crafts rather than war, as the Romans had the goddess Bellona for that aspect.

Hades/Pluto

Both Hades and Pluto were the god of the Underworld, where mortals go when they die. Pluto also represented riches, from the minerals buried deep in the earth.

Hera/Juno

Both Hera and Juno were the wives and sisters of the kings of gods, so they were the queens of the Greek and Roman gods and goddesses. They were associated with childbirth, marriage, and family, but Hera was depicted as jealous of Zeus's many affairs, while Juno did not look for revenge and instead focused on good family.

Ares/Mars

Ares and Mars are the gods of war. Mars was more deliberate and cunning during battle, while Ares just charged.

Artemis/Diana

Artemis and Diana, like Ceres and Demeter, are the same goddess with different names. They are both the goddess of the moon, eternal chastity, hunt, and the sister of Apollo.

Demeter/Ceres

Demeter and Ceres were pretty much the same goddess, with their daughters being kidnapped by Hades/Pluto and being associated with food fertility, crops, and plants.

Dionysus/Bacchus

Dionysus is the Greek god of wine in Greek mythology. In Roman mythology the god of wine goes by the name of Bacchus. The only difference is the name in the different mythologies but he is the same person.

Hephaestus/Vulcan

Hephaestus was the Greek god of blacksmiths. He could make anything anyone desired. Unlike Hephaestus, Vulcan was only the god of destructive fire and volcanoes to the Romans. He wasn't known as well as the god of blacksmiths, and Hephaestus was.

Hermes/Mercury

Hermes was the messenger of the gods and was the god of many things including merchants, traders, and thieves. Similarly, Mercury was like him because he was the god of merchants and traders also.

Hestia/Vesta

Hestia was the goddess of the hearth and the home. She was originally one of the 12 Olympian Gods but stepped down when Dionysus came to avoid a fight between the gods. Vesta preformed almost all of the same functions as her and was also the goddess of the hearth.

Aphrodite/Venus

In Roman mythology, Venus was the goddess of love, beauty, and fertility. She was the Roman counterpart to the Greek Aphrodite. However, Roman Venus had many abilities beyond the Greek Aphrodite; she was a goddess of victory also.

Apollo/Apollo

Judging by the name, you could tell that this god is the same in both Greek and Roman. He was the god of the sun, which he took the position from the Titan Helios. Additionally, Apollo was the god of prophecy and music.

Zeus/Jupiter

The Romans adapted Jupiter, their god, from the Greek god Zeus. Both were the king of gods who ruled over Mount Olympus and married their own sisters (Hera to Zeus, Juno to Jupiter), but in addition to the god of the sky, Jupiter was also the god of light and victory. He was also known to be more paternal and kinder.

Poseidon/Neptune

There was not much difference between Poseidon and Neptune, as both are the gods of the water and sea. However, Neptune was the first and only god associated with the sea, while Poseidon was not the first god of the sea.